-e

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Suffix

-e

2. Used to form the female equivalent of occupations or other identifying traits.

   Synonyms: -es, -in

   ‎agent (“police officer”) + ‎-e → ‎agente (“female police officer”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də/, /stə/ (like the ordinal written in full)

Suffix

-e

1. Placed after a number written in digits, to form its corresponding ordinal number.

   2e = tweede

   8e = achtste

   Synonyms: -de, -ste

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Suffix

-e

1. Used to create the inflected form of an adjective, which is used after a definite determiner, or before masculine, feminine, and plural nouns in general.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Suffix

-e m or f

2. Used to form nouns from adjectives, denoting a person that possesses the quality of the adjective.

   ‎volwassen (“adult”) + ‎-e → ‎volwassene (“an adult”)

-e f

1. Attached to geographical adjectives to indicate a female inhabitant.

   ‎Amerikaans (“American”) + ‎-e → ‎Amerikaanse (“a female American”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Suffix

-e f

1. (archaic, rare) Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives; the nouns express the quality of the adjective.

   Synonyms: -te, -heid

   ‎koud (“cold”) + ‎-e → ‎koude (“the cold”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Suffix

-e

1. (archaic) Used to form the singular subjunctive of a verb.

Derived terms

Suffix

-e (genitive -e, partitive -et)

1. Derives nouns from verbs.

   ‎katma (“to cover”) + ‎-e → ‎kate (“cover”)

   ‎astuma (“to step”) + ‎-e → ‎aste (“a step”)

   ‎võtma (“to take”) + ‎-e → ‎võte (“trick, mode, way”)

   ‎mõtlema (“to think”) + ‎-e → ‎mõte (“thought”)

Suffix

-e (genitive -me, partitive -et)

1. Derives nouns from verbs.

   ‎liikuma (“to move”) + ‎-e → ‎liige (“member”)

   ‎astuma (“to step”) + ‎-e → ‎aste (“step, grade”)

   ‎kastma (“to dip”) + ‎-e → ‎kaste (“sauce”)

Suffix

-e (genitive -eda, partitive -edat)

1. Derives adjectives.

   ‎lamama (“to lay down”) + ‎-e → ‎lame (“flat”)

   ‎krõbisema (“to crunch”) + ‎-e → ‎krõbe (“crunchy”)

   ‎tobu (“fool”) + ‎-e → ‎tobe (“silly, dumb”)

Declension

Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved, but very often inverted.

Derived terms

Pronunciation

• silent; causing previous silent consonant to become pronounced, and causing nasal vowels to become replaced by oral vowels + nasal consonants

Suffix

-e f

1. forms the feminine of adjectives and nouns

   ‎fort + ‎-e → ‎forte

   ‎garçon + ‎-e → ‎garçonne

Suffix

-e

1. inflection of -er:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. first-person singular present subjunctive
   3. third-person singular present indicative
   4. third-person singular present subjunctive
2. inflection of -re:
   1. first-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular present subjunctive

Suffix

-e

1. second-person singular imperative of -er

Suffix

-^e (plural -^es)

1. abbreviation of -ième when an ordinal number is written with Arabic or Roman numerals

   deuxième → 2^e

Suffix

-e

1. (now chiefly unproductive) used to form nouns from adjectives, sometimes with umlaut of the root vowel; the nouns express the quality of the adjective

   ‎stark (“strong”) + ‎-e → ‎Stärke (“strength”)

Suffix

-e

1. used to form the plural of some nouns; in masculines and feminines, but not in neuters, usually triggering umlaut of the root vowel

   ‎Baum (“tree”) + ‎-e → ‎Bäume (“trees”)

   ‎Nacht (“night”) + ‎-e → ‎Nächte (“nights”)

   ‎Wort (“word”) + ‎-e → ‎Worte (“words”)

3. (chiefly archaic outside of set phrases) used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable

   das Haus (“house”) → dem Hause (usually: dem Haus)

4. used to form various declined adjective forms, notably the nominative/accusative feminine singular

   schön → die schöne Frau

5. used to form the 1st person singular present indicative (and subjunctive) of a verb

   gehen (geh- + -en) → ich gehe (colloquial or poetic: ich geh)

6. used to form the 3rd person singular present subjunctive of a verb

   gehen → er gehe

7. used to form the 1st and 3rd person singular past subjunctive of a verb

   ging → ich ginge, er ginge

Pronoun

-e

2. (colloquial) Contraction of du after 2nd person singular forms of a verb.

   hast du → haste

   wärst du → wärste

   hattest du → hatteste, hattste, hatste

Alternative forms

• -∅ (zero derivation; for the masculine nominative singular form, other forms are the same)

Suffix

-e m (weak, genitive -en, plural -en, feminine -in)

1. derives nouns referring to a person with a trait specified by the stem, from adjective or noun stems, often from toponyms

   schwedisch or Schweden→ Schwede, Schwedin

   Latin catholicus → Katholik, Katholikin

   jung → Junge

   chinesisch → Chinese, Chinesin (surface analysis)

   Schwaben → Schwabe, Schwäbin

   Synonym: -er (which of the two suffixes is used is not entirely predictable, they may be interchangeable in some cases)

Suffix

-e

1. Possessive (and genitive) suffix: [from 1055]
   1. (with no possessor or with the 3rd‑person pronoun as possessor, usually construed with the definite article) his, her, its …

      ház → (a) háza, az ő háza (“his/her/its house”) élet → (az) élete, az ő élete (“his/her/its life”) barát → (a) barátja (“his/her/its friend”) kapu → (a) kapuja (“his/her/its gate”) palota → (a) palotája (“his/her/its palace”) kert → (a) kertje (“his/her/its garden”) betű → (a) betűje (“his/her/its letter”) vese → (a) veséje (“his/her/its kidney”)

   2. (with a singular possessor) …-'s, of … (third-person singular, single possession)

      Anna háza (“Anna’s house”), a felkelő nap háza (“the house of the rising sun”) Anna élete (“Anna’s life”), a város élete (“the life of the city”) a király palotája (“the king’s palace”) a ház kapuja (“the gate of the house”) Anna kertje (“Anna’s garden”), a tulipán kertje (“the garden of the tulip”)

   3. (with a plural possessor) …-s’, of …-s (third-person plural, single possession)

      a szüleim háza (“my parents’ house”), a trópusi növények háza (“[the] house of [the] tropical plants”, literally “the tropical plants’ house”) a szüleim élete (“my parents’ lives”, literally “my parents’ life”), a könyvek élete (“[the] lives of [the] books”, literally “the books’ life”) az uralkodók palotája (“the rulers’ palace”) a szüleim kertje (“my parents’ garden”), Az elágazó ösvények kertje (“The Garden of Forking Paths”)

   4. (with instantaneous time expressions) … ago (referring to a preceding point in time considered as an instant)

      Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje ment el. ― S/he left one century / two years / one hour / a long time ago.

      Synonym: -val/-vel ezelőtt (e.g. egy évszázaddal, két évvel ezelőtt)

   5. (with durative time expressions) for … (referring to some duration that precedes the point of time in question)

      Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for a century / two years / an hour / a long time.

      Synonym: óta (less common in this sense; more commonly means “since”)

   6. (mostly with quantities, often following -ik) of …, out of … (partitive sense)

      Synonym: (only with countable quantities) közül

      jó (jav-) (“the greater/better part”) → a java még hátravan (“the best/bulk is yet to come”, literally “its best/bulk is…”)

      legnagyobbik (“the biggest one”) → a bikák legnagyobbika (“the biggest [one] of the bulls”, synonymous with a legnagyobb bika)

2. (personal suffix) [from the end of the 12th century]
   1. Third-person singular personal suffix in back-vowel verbs. Today it can be found in the third-person singular definite forms (indicative past and imperative conjugations) as part of the suffix -ja/-je, -ta/-te.

      tud (“to know”) → tudta (“he/she knew it”)

      tud → tudja (“he/she knows it (indicative mood)”)

      tud → tudja (“he/she should know it (subjunctive mood)”)

      kér (“to request, ask for sth”) → kérte (“he/she requested it”)

      kér → kérje (“he/she should request it (subjunctive mood)”)

   2. Third-person singular personal suffix in back-vowel conjugated infinitives and in the declined and postposition forms of the third-person personal pronoun ő (“he/she/it”).

      tanulni (“to study”) → tanulnia kell (“he/she must study”, literally “it is necessary for him/her to study”)

      kérni (“to request, ask for”) → kérnie kell (“he/she must request [it]”, literally “it is necessary for him/her to request”)

      -ról (“about”) → róla (“about him/her/it”)

      -től (“from”) → tőle (“from him/her/it”)

      után (“after”) → utána (“after him/her/it”)

      fölött (“above”) → fölötte (“above him/her/it”)

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

Alternative forms

• -é (rare, mostly dialectal)

Particle

-e (clitic)

2. whether, if

   Nem tudom, [hogy] voltál-e már Budapesten. ― I don't know if you've ever been in Budapest.

3. (folksy) Suffix for yes/no tag questions. Always optional since word order and intonation make the question clear.

   Látod-e már a mezőket? ― Can you see the fields yet?

   • 1857, János Arany, A walesi bárdok (The Bards of Wales), translated by Watson Kirkconnell

     Van-e ott folyó és földje jó? / Legelőin fű kövér? / Használt-e a megöntözés: / A pártos honfivér?

     Are stream and mountain fair to see? / Are meadow grasses good? / Do corn-lands bear a crop more rare / Since wash’d with rebel’s blood?

     (Note: From a grammatical point of view, the Hungarian text could also include -e at “…földje jó-e?” and “…fű kövér-e?” or alternatively, all instances of -e could be removed without changing the meaning.)

Suffix

-e

2. (personal suffix, archaic) Used to form the third-person singular indicative past indefinite, for front-vowel verbs. The back-vowel version is -a. The suffix currently used in this place is -t, -tt, -ett or -ött. For the full paradigm, see the usage template.

Suffix

-e

2. (obsolete participle suffix) Synonym of -ő (present-participle suffix) The back-vowel version is -a. Sometimes it also occurs as -é or -i.

Suffix

-e

2. -ly; used to form adverbs

Suffix

-e

2. ending for names of consonants

Declension

Derived terms

Suffix

-e f

1. Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives

Suffix

-e

1. Alternative form of -ne (used after -nn in pronouns)

Suffix

-e

1. Used to form the genitive singular of second-declension nouns
2. Used to form the feminine genitive singular of first-declension adjectives

Suffix

-e

1. Used to form the plural of certain nouns

Suffix

-e

1. Used to form the comparative degree of adjectives

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /eː/, [eː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛː]

Suffix

-ē (comparative -ius, superlative -issimē)

1. -ly; used to form adverbs from adjectives.

   Synonyms: -iter, -ō, -ter

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛː]

Suffix

-e

1. vocative masculine singular of -us

Suffix

-e

1. ablative singular of -s

Synonyms

• -a

Derived terms

Related terms

Usage notes

This suffix originally triggered umlaut of the root vowel. This is seen in some words (kelde, from cout), but not in others (coude).

Derived terms

Descendants

• Dutch: -e

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-(ə)/

Suffix

-e

1. Forms the weak singular and plural of adjectives.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-eː/, /-ɛi̯/

Suffix

-e (no longer productive)

1. Forms nouns denoting an office or function.
2. Forms pseudo-participial nouns from verbs or other nouns:
   1. Forms nouns denoting the presence of something.
   2. Forms nouns denoting one who an action is done to.
   3. Forms nouns denoting something made or applied.

      ‎fige (“fig”) + ‎-e → ‎figee (“fig pudding”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-(ə)/

Suffix

-e (no longer productive)

1. Forms agent nouns from verbal or nominal stems.

Suffix

-e

1. Alternative form of -y

Suffix

-e

1. Alternative form of -yf

Suffix

-e

1. Alternative form of -ie

Usage notes

This suffix typically triggers gemination of the final consonant of the noun to which it is applied, if there is one.

References

• Harrison, Sheldon P., Mokilese Reference Grammar, University of Hawaii Press 1977

Derived terms

Derived terms

• bakade
• bebezhigooganzhii
• manise
• moosewiingwe
• naadoobii
• naawakwe
• ozhige

Suffix

-e

2. forming adverbs from adjectives; -ly

   ‎beorht (“bright, clear”) + ‎-e → ‎beorhte (“brightly, clearly”)

Suffix

-e

2. forms adjectives from nouns, often with the meaning "having" (typically causes i-umlaut)

   ‎ān (“one”) + ‎willa (“will”) + ‎-e → ‎ānwille (“stubborn”)

   ‎fela (“many”) + ‎word (“word”) + ‎-e → ‎felawyrde (“long-winded”)

   ‎fīf (“five”) + ‎flōr (“floor”) + ‎-e → ‎fīfflēre (“five-story”)

   ‎fiþer- (“four”) + ‎sċēat (“corner”) + ‎-e → ‎fiþersċīete (“square”)

   ‎forþ (“forward”) + ‎gang (“going”) + ‎-e → ‎forþgenġe (“progressive”)

   ‎īdel (“empty”) + ‎hand (“hand”) + ‎-e → ‎īdelhende (“empty-handed”)

   ‎lang (“long”) + ‎līf (“life”) + ‎-e → ‎langlīfe (“long-lived”)

   ‎ofer- (“over-”) + ‎ǣt (“eating”) + ‎-e → ‎oferǣte (“gluttonous”)

   ‎or- (“out of”) + ‎blōd (“blood”) + ‎-e → ‎orblēde (“bled out”)

   ‎sċeolh (“crooked”) + ‎ēage (“eye”) + ‎-e → ‎sċeolhīeġe (“crosseyed”)

   ‎sīd (“hanging down”) + ‎feax (“hair on the head”) + ‎-e → ‎sīdfiexe (“long-haired”)

   ‎twelf (“twelve”) + ‎winter (“year”) + ‎-e → ‎twelfwintre (“twelve years old”)

   ‎twi- (“two”) + ‎eċġ (“edge”) + ‎-e → ‎twieċġe (“double-edged”)

   ‎twi- (“two”) + ‎fōt (“foot”) + ‎-e → ‎twifēte (“bipedal”)

   ‎un- (“un-”) + ‎ċēap (“cost”) + ‎-e → ‎unċīepe (“free”)