雁

See also: 鳫 and 䧹

雁	U+96C1, 雁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96C1

← 雀
[U+96C0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

雂 →
[U+96C2]

Han character

雁 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一人人土 (MOOG), four-corner 7121₄, composition ⿸厂倠)

Derived characters

贋/赝, 㷳, 𮘻, 𤎝, 𤏚, 𬒡, 軅, 𪆒

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1364, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41960
Dae Jaweon: page 1868, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4093, character 2
Unihan data for U+96C1

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.		雁/鴈
simp.		雁
alternative forms		鳫

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Wikipedia has articles on:

雁 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Anser (bird) (English)

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 雁, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...

Historical forms of the character 雁
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

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More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
雁	*ŋraːns
鳫	*ŋraːns
鴈	*ŋraːns
贗	*ŋraːns

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Characters in the same phonetic series (雁) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːns) : phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 人 + semantic 隹.

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”) (tentatively reconstructed); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:).

Related to 鵝 (OC *ŋaːl, “domestic goose”); both 鵝 and 雁 likely reflect an earlier liquid final (Schuessler, 2007; cf. Baxter and Sagart's reconstruction). Alternatively, it may derive from 鵝 with nominalizing suffix *-n, but this Chinese-internal derivation is problematic in light of the cognates in Tibeto-Burman (Schuessler, 2007; Alves, 2015b); but see Hill (2019) also, as noted in the etymology of 鵝.

Possible relationship with Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”) has been noted by some (Mayrhofer, 1976; Alves, 2015b).

Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	雁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五晏切
Baxter	ngaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/ŋan^H/
Wang Li	/ŋan^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaan⁶

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More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	雁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yàn
Middle Chinese	‹ ngæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[ŋ]ˁrar-s/
English	wild goose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雁
Reading #	1/1
No.	14436
Phonetic component	雁
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	鴈
Old Chinese	/*ŋraːns/
Notes	說文廠聲

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Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yàn (yan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yan⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngaan⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngan⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): ngang⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngien / ngian

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngian⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ie³
Northern Min (KCR): ngāing
Eastern Min (BUC): ngâng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gān

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngang⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶nge; ⁵i
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngan⁴ / ngai⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
  - Wade–Giles: yen⁴
  - Yale: yàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yan⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ngaan⁶
  - Yale: ngaahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngan⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡan³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ngang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaŋ¹¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngien
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngian
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋian⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ie³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngāing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɑŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gān
  - Tâi-lô: gān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡan³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶nge; ⁵i
  - MiniDict: nge^去; i^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nge; ²i
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋe²³/, /i³⁴/

Note:

3nge - vernacular;
2i - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ngan⁴ / ngai⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋan⁴⁵/, /ŋai̯²¹/

Note: ngai5 - only in 雁鵝.

Middle Chinese: ngaenH

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[ŋ]ˤrar-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋraːns/

Definitions

雁

wild goose (as opposed to a domesticated goose – 鵝／鹅 (é)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c)
^† Synonym of 鵝／鹅 (é)
- 故人喜，命豎子殺雁而烹之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  故人喜，命竖子杀雁而烹之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Gùrén xǐ, mìng shùzǐ shā yàn ér pēng zhī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
^† Alternative form of 贗／赝 (yàn, “fake; false”)

Synonyms

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鴻雁, 鴻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		雁, 大雁, 鴻雁
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	大雁
	Chengde	大雁
	Chifeng	大雁
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	大雁
	Heihe	大雁, 雁
	Qiqihar	大雁
	Harbin	大雁, 雁
	Jiamusi	大雁
	Baicheng	大雁
	Changchun	大雁
	Tonghua	大雁
	Shenyang	大雁, 雁
	Jinzhou	大雁, 雁
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	大雁
	Tangshan	大雁
	Cangzhou	大雁
	Baoding	大雁
	Shijiazhuang	大雁
	Lijin	大雁, 雁
	Jinan	大雁, 雁
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	大雁
	Dandong	大雁, 雁
	Yantai	大雁
	Yantai (Muping)	老雁
	Qingdao	雁
	Zhucheng	大雁
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	大雁, 雁
	Lingbao	雁
	Jining	大雁, 雁
	Wanrong	雁
	Linfen	大雁, 雁
	Shangqiu	大雁
	Yuanyang	大雁, 雁
	Zhengzhou	雁
	Xinyang	大雁
	Baihe	大雁
	Xi'an	大雁
	Baoji	大雁
	Tianshui	大雁
	Xining	咕嚕雁, 雁兒
	Xuzhou	大雁
	Fuyang	大雁, 雁
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	大雁, 雁
	Lanzhou	雁
	Dunhuang	咕嚕雁
	Hami	雁
	Ürümqi	大雁, 雁
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	大雁, 雁鵝
	Nanchong	雁
	Dazhou	雁鵝
	Hanyuan	雁鵝
	Xichang	雁鵝, 雁
	Zigong	雁鵝
	Chongqing	雁鵝
	Wuhan	大雁, 雁
	Yichang	大雁, 雁
	Xiangyang	大雁, 雁
	Tianmen	大雁, 雁
	Guiyang	雁鵝, 大雁
	Zunyi	雁鵝, 大雁
	Bijie	雁鵝
	Liping	大雁
	Zhaotong	雁鵝
	Dali	大雁
	Kunming	大雁, 雁
	Mengzi	大雁
	Guilin	大雁, 雁鵝
	Liuzhou	大雁
	Jishou	大雁
	Changde	雁鵝
	Hanzhong	大雁, 雁
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	大雁
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	大雁
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	雁子, 大雁子, 大雁
	Yangzhou	大雁
	Lianyungang	大雁
	Lianshui	雁
	Nantong	雁
	Anqing	雁
	Wuhu	雁
	Hefei	大雁
	Hong'an	雁鵝, 雁
Cantonese	Hong Kong	雁
	Dongguan	雁鵝, 雁
	Beihai	雁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	大雁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	大雁
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	雁
	Móng Cái	雁鵝
Gan	Nanchang	雁鵝
	Lichuan	雁
	Pingxiang	雁鵝
Hakka	Meixian	雁鵝
	Yudu	雁鵝
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	雁
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	雁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	雁
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	雁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	雁
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	雁
Huizhou	Jixi	雁
Huizhou	Shexian	雁
Jin	Taiyuan	大雁, 雁
	Yangyuan	大雁, 雁
	Datong	大雁, 雁
	Xinzhou	雁兒
	Lüliang (Lishi)	雁
	Changzhi	大雁, 雁
	Linhe	大雁
	Jining	大雁
	Hohhot	大雁, 雁
	Erenhot	大雁
	Pingshan	大雁, 雁
	Zhangjiakou	大雁
	Handan	大雁, 雁
	Linzhou	大雁
	Suide	雁
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	雁
Southern Min	Shantou	雁鵝
	Leizhou	雁鳥, 鵠鶴
	Haikou	雁鳥, 雁
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	雁
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	鵝娘子
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	天鵝
Wu	Shanghai	大雁, 雁鵝
	Danyang	雁
	Hangzhou	雁鵝
	Ningbo	雁鵝
	Zhoushan	雁鵝
Xiang	Changsha	雁子, 雁鵝
	Loudi	雁, 雁阿
	Hengyang	雁鵝
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	雁鳥, 天鵝鳥
Xiangnan Tuhua	Dong'an	雁鵝
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	大雁
	Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang)	雁
	Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	湖鴨
	Renhua (Zhoutian)	大雁
	Renhua (Shitang)	大雁
	Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou)	雁
	Lechang (Changlai)	天鵝
	Lechang (Beixiang)	白康
	Lechang (Huangpu)	天鵝
	Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi)	天鵝
	Lechang (Sanxi)	天鵝

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Dialectal synonyms of 大雁 (“swan goose”) [map]

Compounds

名標雁塔／名标雁塔
大雁 (dàyàn)
大雁塔
奠雁
孔雁
平沙落雁
指雁為羹／指雁为羹
斷雁孤鴻／断雁孤鸿
木雁
沉魚落雁／沉鱼落雁 (chényúluòyàn)
燕雁代飛／燕雁代飞
白額雁／白额雁
空弦落雁
落雁沉魚／落雁沉鱼
蠶頭雁尾／蚕头雁尾
衡陽雁去／衡阳雁去
豆雁
雁來紅／雁来红 (yànláihóng)
雁去魚來／雁去鱼来
雁塔
雁塔題名／雁塔题名
雁奴
雁字
雁帛
雁幣／雁币
雁序
雁形目
雁影分飛／雁影分飞
雁戶／雁户
雁書／雁书
雁杳魚沉／雁杳鱼沉 (yànyǎoyúchén)
雁柱
雁皮
雁翅
雁翎刀 (yànlíngdāo)
雁蕩山／雁荡山 (Yàndàngshān)
雁行
雁行折翼
雁足
雁足傳書／雁足传书
雁門關／雁门关 (Yànménguān)
雁陣／雁阵 (yànzhèn)
雁鴨科／雁鸭科
雁齒／雁齿
頭雁／头雁
魚沉雁杳／鱼沉雁杳 (yúchényànyǎo)
魚沉雁渺／鱼沉雁渺
魚沉雁落／鱼沉雁落
魚雁／鱼雁
魚雁不絕／鱼雁不绝
魚雁沉沉／鱼雁沉沉
鳧雁／凫雁
鴻雁／鸿雁 (hóngyàn)
鴻雁傳書／鸿雁传书 (hóngyànchuánshū)
鴻雁哀鳴／鸿雁哀鸣 (hóngyàn'āimíng)
鴻雁河／鸿雁河 (Hóngyànhé)
鵰心雁爪／雕心雁爪

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (雁):

→ Japanese: 雁(がん) (gan)
→ Vietnamese: nhạn (雁)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: ngan (鴳)

References

“雁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Kanji

雁

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

wild goose

Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)
Kan-on: がん (gan)
Kun: かり (kari, 雁)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

雁

Wikipedia ^ja

Etymology 1

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
雁
がん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

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More information Alternative spelling ...

Alternative spelling
鴈

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From Middle Chinese 雁 (ngæn^H, “wild goose”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) がん [gáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɡã̠ɴ]

Noun

雁(がん) or 雁(ガン) • (gan)

wild goose

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Derived terms

雁首(がんくび) (gankubi) bowl (part of a pipe); human neck or head
雁皮(がんぴ) (ganpi)

Etymology 2

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
雁
かり Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Close

Said to be from the cry of a wild goose.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かり [káꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾʲi]

Noun

雁(かり) • (kari)

Derived terms

雁首(かりくび) (karikubi) goose's neck, something resembling a goose's neck; corona (circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males)

References

[1]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
[2]
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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Hanja

雁 (eumhun 기러기 안 (gireogi an))

wild goose, whose skein flies in wedge or cuneiform, in contrast with 鵝 (거위 아, geowi-a), the domestic goose that would not fly at all.

Compounds

家雁 (가안, ga-an) domestic goose, literally, house goose.

Han character

雁: Hán Nôm readings: nhạn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] [1]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] [2]
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

雁

Han character

Derived characters

References

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

References

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

References

Hanja

Compounds

See also

Han character

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