閒
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
閒 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓月 (ANB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿵門月)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1332, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41248
- Dae Jaweon: page 1838, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4289, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9592
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Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 閒 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間).
Etymology 1
Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”).
Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”).
Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): han2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xie1
- Northern Min (KCR): ǎing
- Eastern Min (BUC): èng / hàng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6ghe; 6yi / 2ghe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): han2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sián
- Wade–Giles: hsien2
- Yale: syán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xian2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xian
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɛn²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haan4 / haan4-2
- Yale: hàahn / háan
- Cantonese Pinyin: haan4 / haan4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: han4 / han4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːn²¹/, /haːn²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: haan4-2 - “player”.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: han3
- Sinological IPA (key): /han²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: han2
- Sinological IPA (key): /han²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàn
- Hakka Romanization System: hanˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: han2
- Sinological IPA: /han¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǎing
- Sinological IPA (key): /aiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: èng / hàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɛiŋ⁵³/, /haŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- èng - vernacular;
- hàng - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: êng
- Tâi-lô: îng
- Phofsit Daibuun: eeng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /iɪŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: uînn
- Phofsit Daibuun: vuii
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /uĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: âinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: vaai
- IPA (Kinmen): /ãi²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- êng/ûiⁿ/âiⁿ - vernacular;
- hân - literary.
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: hean
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤre[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːn/
Definitions
閒
- not busy; idle
- 噇飽恰閒。 [Eastern Min, trad.]
- Chòng bā kák-èng. / [t͡sʰouŋ⁵³ pa³³ kʰaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ɛiŋ⁵³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
- Have nothing else to do. / Don't you have nothing else to do? / Mind your own concerns/business.
噇饱恰闲。 [Eastern Min, simp.]
- vacant; unoccupied; unused
- leisurely and carefree
- trivial; unimportant
- unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others
- relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm
- leisure; spare time; free time
- (gambling) player (instead of banker)
- a surname
- (Hakka) Alternative form of 還 / 还 (“very”)
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “not busy”): 忙 (máng)
Compounds
- 不得閒 / 不得闲
- 不管閒事 / 不管闲事
- 不識閒 / 不识闲 (bùshíxián)
- 不顧閒野 / 不顾闲野
- 乞閒 / 乞闲 (qǐxián)
- 休閒 / 休闲 (xiūxián)
- 休閒活動 / 休闲活动
- 住閒 / 住闲
- 偷閒 / 偷闲 (tōuxián)
- 優閒 / 优闲 (yōuxián)
- 包攬閒事 / 包揽闲事
- 匹如閒 / 匹如闲
- 吃閒話 / 吃闲话
- 多管閒事 / 多管闲事 (duōguǎnxiánshì)
- 好管閒事 / 好管闲事 (hào guǎn xiánshì)
- 安閒 / 安闲 (ānxián)
- 小閒 / 小闲
- 少管閒事 / 少管闲事 (shǎoguǎnxiánshì)
- 幽閒 / 幽闲
- 得閒 / 得闲 (déxián)
- 心閒 / 心闲
- 忙裡偷閒 / 忙里偷闲 (mánglǐtōuxián)
- 悠閒 / 悠闲 (yōuxián)
- 悠閒自在 / 悠闲自在
- 打閒 / 打闲
- 扯閒白 / 扯闲白
- 投閒置散 / 投闲置散 (tóuxiánzhìsǎn)
- 抽閒 / 抽闲 (chōuxián)
- 攬閒事 / 揽闲事
- 有閒 / 有闲
- 村閒 / 村闲
- 氣定神閒 / 气定神闲 (qìdìngshénxián)
- 消閒 / 消闲 (xiāoxián)
- 清閒 / 清闲 (qīngxián)
- 淘閒氣 / 淘闲气
- 游手好閒 / 游手好闲 (yóushǒuhàoxián)
- 渾閒 / 浑闲
- 猶閒 / 犹闲
- 白閒著 / 白闲著
- 空閒 / 空闲 (kòngxián)
- 等閒 / 等闲 (děngxián)
- 等閒之輩 / 等闲之辈 (děngxiánzhībèi)
- 等閒人物 / 等闲人物
- 等閒視之 / 等闲视之
- 管閒事 / 管闲事 (guǎnxiánshì)
- 罷閒 / 罢闲
- 說閒話 / 说闲话
- 說閒話兒 / 说闲话儿
- 譬如閒 / 譬如闲
- 買閒錢 / 买闲钱
- 賦閒 / 赋闲 (fùxián)
- 輕閒 / 轻闲
- 農閒 / 农闲 (nóngxián)
- 遊手好閒 / 游手好闲 (yóushǒuhàoxián)
- 野草閒花 / 野草闲花
- 野鶴閒雲 / 野鹤闲云
- 閒事 / 闲事 (xiánshì)
- 閒人 / 闲人 (xiánrén)
- 閒住 / 闲住 (xiánzhù)
- 閒來無事 / 闲来无事 (xiánláiwúshì)
- 閒可 / 闲可
- 閒地 / 闲地
- 閒坐 / 闲坐
- 閒官 / 闲官
- 閒家 / 闲家 (xiánjiā)
- 閒宴 / 闲宴
- 閒居 / 闲居 (xiánjū)
- 閒工夫 / 闲工夫 (xiángōngfu)
- 閒心 / 闲心
- 閒情 / 闲情
- 閒情逸致 / 闲情逸致 (xiánqíngyìzhì)
- 閒情逸趣 / 闲情逸趣
- 閒愁 / 闲愁
- 閒房 / 闲房
- 閒打牙兒 / 闲打牙儿
- 閒扯 / 闲扯 (xiánchě)
- 閒扯淡 / 闲扯淡
- 閒敘 / 闲叙
- 閒散 / 闲散 (xiánsǎn)
- 閒晃 / 闲晃 (xiánhuàng)
- 閒時 / 闲时 (xiánshí)
- 閒暇 / 闲暇 (xiánxiá)
- 閒書 / 闲书 (xiánshū)
- 閒月 / 闲月
- 閒步 / 闲步
- 閒民 / 闲民
- 閒氣 / 闲气
- 閒漢 / 闲汉 (xiánhàn)
- 閒燕 / 闲燕
- 閒理會 / 闲理会
- 閒田 / 闲田 (xiántián)
- 閒盤兒 / 闲盘儿
- 閒磕牙 / 闲磕牙
- 閒空 / 闲空 (xiánkòng)
- 閒篇兒 / 闲篇儿 (xiánpiānr)
- 閒置 / 闲置 (xiánzhì)
- 閒聊 / 闲聊 (xiánliáo)
- 閒聒七 / 闲聒七
- 閒職 / 闲职 (xiánzhí)
- 閒花野草 / 闲花野草
- 閒茶浪酒 / 闲茶浪酒
- 閒蕩 / 闲荡 (xiándàng)
- 閒言 / 闲言
- 閒言亂語 / 闲言乱语
- 閒言碎語 / 闲言碎语
- 閒言長語 / 闲言长语
- 閒言閒事 / 闲言闲事
- 閒言閒語 / 闲言闲语
- 閒話 / 闲话 (xiánhuà)
- 閒話家常 / 闲话家常 (xiánhuàjiācháng)
- 閒語 / 闲语
- 閒談 / 闲谈 (xiántán)
- 閒逛 / 闲逛 (xiánguàng)
- 閒逸 / 闲逸
- 閒遊 / 闲游
- 閒適 / 闲适 (xiánshì)
- 閒錢 / 闲钱 (xiánqián)
- 閒雜人等 / 闲杂人等
- 閒雲孤鶴 / 闲云孤鹤
- 閒雲野鶴 / 闲云野鹤
- 閒章 / 闲章
- 雍容閒雅
- 餘閒 / 余闲 (yúxián)
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 閒 – see 間 (“among; between; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 間). |
References
- “閒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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Hanja
閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)
Han character
閒: Hán Nôm readings: gian, nhàn, gián, nhờn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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