犢

Han character

犢 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 竹手土田金 (HQGWC), four-corner 2458₆, composition ⿰牜賣 or ⿰牜𧶠)

1. calf
2. victim of sacrifice

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 犢, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...

Historical forms of the character 犢
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'oːɡ): semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with 羭 (OC *lo, “sheep”), Tibetan ལུག (lug, “sheep”).

Other etymologies have been proposed:

• Boodberg (1937) relates it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “calf”), which Schuessler (2007) deems unlikely.
• Norman (1988) suggests that it may be a loan from Mongolic or Tungusic; compare Mongolian ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ (tuɣul, “calf”), Manchu ᡨᡠᡴᡧᠠᠨ (tukšan, “calf”). This is an unlikely etymology due to recent developments in the reconstruction of Old Chinese, where *l- (rather than older reconstructions with *d-) would be a poor match for Mongolic/Tungusic t-, as well as new archaeological evidence suggesting that the word is likely older than previously assumed (Miyake, 2017; Cao, 2021).
• It could also be related to 畜 (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to nourish; domestic animal”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Definitions

犢

1. calf (young cow or bull)

   • 天子適諸侯，諸侯膳以犢。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天子适诸侯，诸侯膳以犊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Tiānzǐ shì zhūhóu, zhūhóu shàn yǐ dú. [Pinyin]

     When the Son of Heaven visits a feudal lord, the lord offers him a calf for food.

   • 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 約伯記 [Job] 21:10:

     他們的公牛孳生而不斷絕．母牛下犢而不掉胎。 [MSC, trad.]
     他们的公牛孳生而不断绝．母牛下犊而不掉胎。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tāmen de gōngniú zīshēng ér bù duànjué. Mǔniú xià dú ér bù diàotāi. [Pinyin]

     Their bulls never fail to breed. Their cows bear calves and never miscarry. [New Living Translation]

2. a surname

Compounds

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 㸿)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Hanja

犢 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.