擋
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 挡
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Translingual
Han character
擋 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手火月田 (QFBW), four-corner 59066, composition ⿰扌當)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 458, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12802
- Dae Jaweon: page 807, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1968, character 3
- Unihan data for U+64CB
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 當 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 襠 | *taːŋ |
| 鐺 | *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 簹 | *taːŋ |
| 璫 | *taːŋ |
| 檔 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 儅 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 蟷 | *taːŋ |
| 擋 | *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs |
| 黨 | *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 讜 | *taːŋʔ |
| 欓 | *taːŋʔ |
| 譡 | *taːŋs |
| 闣 | *taːŋs |
| 瓽 | *taːŋs |
| 鏜 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 闛 | *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ |
| 鼞 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 曭 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 儻 | *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs |
| 戃 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 矘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 爣 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 攩 | *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs |
| 淌 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 倘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 躺 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 趟 | *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 堂 | *daːŋ |
| 坣 | *daːŋ |
| 棠 | *daːŋ |
| 糛 | *daːŋ |
| 螳 | *daːŋ |
| 隚 | *daːŋ |
| 橖 | *daːŋ |
| 掌 | *tjaŋʔ |
| 廠 | *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs |
| 敞 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 僘 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 氅 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 常 | *djaŋ |
| 嘗 | *djaŋ |
| 裳 | *djaŋ |
| 徜 | *djaŋ |
| 尚 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 甞 | *djaŋ |
| 鋿 | *djaŋ |
| 嫦 | *djaŋ |
| 償 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 賞 | *hjaŋʔ |
| 瞠 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 撐 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 樘 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 橕 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 牚 | *rtʰaːŋs |
| 埫 | *tʰoŋʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs).
Etymology
From 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis; to match”) and originally written as 當 (Wang, 1982).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): dáung / dōng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5taon / 3taon; 5taon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄤˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǎng
- Wade–Giles: tang3
- Yale: dǎng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daang
- Palladius: дан (dan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɑŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dàng
- Wade–Giles: tang4
- Yale: dàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: danq
- Palladius: дан (dan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dong2 / dong3
- Yale: dóng / dong
- Cantonese Pinyin: dong2 / dong3
- Guangdong Romanization: dong2 / dong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔːŋ³⁵/, /tɔːŋ³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ong2 / dong2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɔŋ⁵⁵/, /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- ong2 - “to block”;
- dong2 - “gear”.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tóng
- Hakka Romanization System: dongˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dong3
- Sinological IPA: /toŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dáung / dōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɑuŋ²¹³/, /touŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- tóng - literary;
- tòng - vernacular (俗).
Note:
- Middle Chinese: tangH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*taːŋʔ/, /*taːŋs/
Definitions
擋
- to block; to obstruct
- 玄德苦擋，雲長不依，只領五百校刀手而去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Xuándé kǔ dǎng, Yúncháng bù yī, zhǐ lǐng wǔbǎi jiàodāoshǒu ér qù. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
玄德苦挡，云长不依，只领五百校刀手而去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- to hide from view; to cover; to obscure
- (automotive) gear
- (Northern Wu) to handle; to keep in place; to hold fast; to hold and shield with hand
- 擋筷兒／挡筷儿 [Suzhounese] ― 5taon 1khue-ng0 [Wugniu] ― to hold a pair of chopsticks steady; (broadly) to use chopsticks
- 大家看見仔覅嚇一嚇個啊，要緊奔上來好婆擋擋牢，萬一跌下來闖窮禍唻。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
- From: 2017, 胡寶談 [Hu Baotan],上海人門檻 [The Shanghainese Way of Passing]
- 6da-ka 1khoe-ci-tsy 6viau 7haq-iq-haq-gheq-a 1iau-cin 1pen-zaon-le 5hau-bu 5taon-taon 6lau 6ve-iq 7tiq-gho-le 5tshaon-jion-wu-le [Wugniu]
- Now everybody gets anxious at the sight of this of course; they rush and run to support granny and keep her on there; it'd be a disaster if she actually fell.
大家看见仔覅吓一吓个啊，要紧奔上来好婆挡挡牢，万一跌下来闯穷祸𫪁。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
Synonyms
- (to block):
- 不通 (bùtōng)
- 堵塞
- 堵截 (dǔjié)
- 堵窒 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 妨礙 / 妨碍 (fáng'ài)
- 徑杈 / 径杈 (Hakka)
- 截 (jié)
- 掛礙 / 挂碍 (guà'ài)
- 擋住 / 挡住 (dǎngzhù)
- 攔 / 拦 (lán)
- 攔住 / 拦住 (lánzhù)
- 攔截 / 拦截 (lánjié)
- 攔擋 / 拦挡 (lándǎng)
- 攔閘 / 拦闸 (Hokkien)
- 攔阻 / 拦阻 (lánzǔ)
- 有礙 / 有碍 (yǒu'ài)
- 梗塞
- 滯滯 / 滞滞 (Hokkien)
- 滯礙 / 滞碍 (zhì'ài)
- 礙噠 / 碍哒 (ngai5 da) (Xiang)
- 窒礙 / 窒碍 (zhì'ài) (literary)
- 蔽塞 (bìsè) (literary)
- 蔽障 (bìzhàng)
- 遮 (literary, or in compounds)
- 邀 (yāo)
- 閉塞 / 闭塞 (bìsè)
- 阻住 (zo2 zyu6) (Cantonese)
- 阻塞
- 阻撓 / 阻挠 (zǔnáo)
- 阻擋 / 阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
- 阻攔 / 阻拦 (zǔlán)
- 阻滯 / 阻滞 (zǔzhì)
- 阻礙 / 阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
- 阻窒 (Hokkien)
- 障礙 / 障碍 (zhàng'ài)
- (to hide from view):
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “to block”):
Compounds
- 單擋 / 单挡
- 大擋手的 / 大挡手的
- 打擋 / 打挡
- 抵擋 / 抵挡 (dǐdǎng)
- 排擋 / 排挡 (páidǎng)
- 擋一水 / 挡一水
- 擋不住 / 挡不住
- 擋人牌 / 挡人牌
- 擋住 / 挡住 (dǎngzhù)
- 擋修 / 挡修
- 擋口 / 挡口
- 擋土牆 / 挡土墙 (dǎngtǔqiáng)
- 擋子 / 挡子
- 擋手 / 挡手
- 擋搶 / 挡抢
- 擋橫兒 / 挡横儿
- 擋油牆 / 挡油墙
- 擋禦 / 挡御
- 擋箭牌 / 挡箭牌 (dǎngjiànpái)
- 擋路 / 挡路 (dǎnglù)
- 擋雨 / 挡雨 (dǎngyǔ)
- 擋頭陣 / 挡头阵
- 擋風 / 挡风 (dǎngfēng)
- 擋風玻璃 / 挡风玻璃
- 擋駕 / 挡驾 (dǎngjià)
- 攔擋 / 拦挡 (lándǎng)
- 橫攔豎擋 / 横拦竖挡
- 跳擋 / 跳挡
- 這個擋口 / 这个挡口
- 遮擋 / 遮挡 (zhēdǎng)
- 遮風擋雨 / 遮风挡雨 (zhēfēngdǎngyǔ)
- 阻擋 / 阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
Japanese
Kanji
擋
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Readings
Vietnamese
Han character
擋: Hán Nôm readings: đương, đáng
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