то

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɔ]

Pronoun

то • (to) n (personal)

1. it; the neuter third-person singular pronoun in the nominative case, used as the subject of a verb.

   Тя взе бебето и го държеше в ръцете си, но то продължаваше да плаче.

   Tja vze bebeto i go dǎržeše v rǎcete si, no to prodǎlžavaše da plače.

   She took the baby and held it in her arms, but it continued to cry.

   То се знае.

   To se znae.

   It is well known.

Particle

то • (to)

1. used to show the logical result of a particular statement or situation; then, in that case

   Ако пристигнеш навреме, то ще можеш веднага да се включиш.

   Ako pristigneš navreme, to šte možeš vednaga da se vključiš.

   If you arrive on time, then you can immediately join in.

   Ако те не отидат, то и ние няма да отидем.

   Ako te ne otidat, to i nie njama da otidem.

   If they do not go, we shan’t go there either.

2. Used for emphasis in various statements expressing amazement, indignation, etc. No precise equivalent in English, is often best translated by rephrasing the surrounding sentence.

   То беше радост, то бяха викове.

   To beše radost, to bjaha vikove.

   And oh what rejoicing and shouting there was.

   То бива, бива, ама вече прекаляваш.

   To biva, biva, ama veče prekaljavaš.

   Really, that’s the limit, you've gone too far.

   А бе то стана една!

   A be to stana edna!

   The fat is in the fire.

Anagrams

• от (ot), от- (ot-)

Pronoun

• (Bitola) IPA^(key): /ˈtɒ/

то • (to)

1. (Bitola) neuter singular of тој (toj)

Etymology

Contraction of ато́ (ató), from Ancient Greek αὐτό (autó). Cognates include Greek αυτό (aftó) (contracted το (to)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tʊ]
• Hyphenation: то

Pronoun

то • (to) (emphatic form ато́)

1. it

References

• G. A. Animica, M. P. Galikbarova (2013) Румеку глоса‎, Donetsk, page 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [to]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -o

Determiner

то • (to) n sg (demonstrative)

1. neuter nominative/accusative singular of тот (tot)

   в то вре́мя ― v to vrémja ― at that time, at the time

Pronoun

то • (to) n sg (demonstrative)

1. neuter nominative/accusative singular of тот (tot)

Pronoun

то • (to) n inan sg (demonstrative)

1. Used to link an interrogative content clause in the following constructions. Usually omitted in English translations. In some cases can also be, and sometimes usually is, omitted in Russian, along with any linked prepositions.

   Э́то то, что де́лает нас счастли́выми. ― Éto to, što délajet nas sčastlívymi. ― This is what makes us happy.

   То, что он сде́лал, про́сто недопусти́мо. ― To, što on sdélal, prósto nedopustímo. ― What he did is simply unacceptable.

   Э́то вы́звано тем, что ты сказа́л. ― Éto výzvano tem, što ty skazál. ― This was caused by what you said.

   Мне ну́жно то, над чем рабо́тать. ― Mne núžno to, nad čem rabótatʹ. ― I need something to work on.

   То, что не убива́ет меня́, де́лает меня́ сильне́е. ― To, što ne ubivájet menjá, délajet menjá silʹnéje. ― What doesn't kill me makes me stronger.

   Э́то свя́зано с тем, как он ведёт себя́. ― Éto svjázano s tem, kak on vedjót sebjá. ― It's related to how he behaves.

   То, как он вёл себя́, про́сто недопусти́мо. ― To, kak on vjol sebjá, prósto nedopustímo. ― How he behaved is simply unacceptable.

   Мы говори́м о том, как писа́ть пра́вильно. ― My govorím o tom, kak pisátʹ právilʹno. ― We're talking about how to write correctly.

   Пробле́ма в том, заче́м он э́то сде́лал. ― Probléma v tom, začém on éto sdélal. ― The problem lies in why he did it.

   Мы не уве́рены (в том), как он э́то сде́лал. ― My ne uvéreny (v tom), kak on éto sdélal. ― We're not sure how he did it.

2. (usually before что (što)) Used to link a declarative content clause in the following constructions. Often omitted in English translations, but can sometimes be translated as "the fact (that)". In some cases can also be, and sometimes usually is, omitted in Russian, along with any linked prepositions.

   несмотря́ на то́, что ― nesmotrjá na tó, što ― despite the fact that

   Э́то всё из-за того́, что ты не мо́жешь взять на себя́ отве́тственность.

   Éto vsjo iz-za tovó, što ty ne móžešʹ vzjatʹ na sebjá otvétstvennostʹ.

   This is all due to the fact that you can't take responsibility.

   Мы не уве́рены (в том), что э́тих мер доста́точно. ― My ne uvéreny (v tom), što étix mer dostátočno. ― We're not sure that these measures are sufficient.

   Меня́ раздража́ет (то), что магази́ны все закры́ты. ― Menjá razdražájet (to), što magazíny vse zakrýty. ― It annoys me that the shops are all closed.

3. Optionally used in the following construction to refer to the thing denoted by что (što) earlier in the sentence. Can be omitted, and in English usually the sentence is translated without it too. Has the meaning "that thing".

   Что не убива́ет меня́, (то) де́лает меня́ сильне́е. ― Što ne ubivájet menjá, (to) délajet menjá silʹnéje. ― What doesn't kill me makes me stronger.

4. Used in various collocations to refer to the content of a sentence or clause just mentioned by the speaker.

   бо́лее того́ ― bóleje tovó ― moreover/furthermore (literally, “more than that”)

   кро́ме того́ ― króme tovó ― also/additionally (literally, “aside from that”)

   и тому́ подо́бное ― i tomú podóbnoje ― and that kind of thing (literally, “and similar to that”)

   то́ есть ― tó jestʹ ― i.e. (literally, “that is”)

6. Used in certain collocations to emphasise contrast with something else.

   и то, и друго́е ― i to, i drugóje ― both (literally, “both that and the other”)

   и то, и то ― i to, i to ― both (literally, “both that and that”)

   то и́ли э́то ― to íli éto ― this or that (literally, “that or this”)

Conjunction

то • (to)

1. Optional part of "е́сли (jésli, “if”) …, то (to, “then”) …"–type constructions, sometimes translated to "then" in English (but used more often than the English equivalent).

   Е́сли не сейча́с, (то) в сле́дующий раз. ― Jésli ne sejčás, (to) v slédujuščij raz. ― If not now, (then) next time.

   Е́сли что́-нибудь найду́, (то) сообщу́. ― Jésli štó-nibudʹ najdú, (to) soobščú. ― If I find anything, I'll let you know.

   Когда́ я просну́лась, (то) лежа́ла на крова́ти. ― Kogdá ja prosnúlasʹ, (to) ležála na krováti. ― When I woke up, I was lying on the bed.

   Что каса́ется э́того, (то) нет. ― Što kasájetsja étovo, (to) net. ― As far as that's concerned, no.

   Раз уж дал обеща́ние, (то) выполня́ет. ― Raz už dal obeščánije, (to) vypolnjájet. ― Since he made the promise, he's fulfilling it.

   • 1906, Александр Куприн [Aleksandr I. Kuprin], “4”, in Штабс-капитан Рыбников; English translation from John Middleton Murry, transl., Captain Ribnikov, 1916:

     Мама́ша, вы вино́ запиши́те на Карюкова. Е́сли он лю́бит свято́е иску́сство, то пусть и пла́тит за честь у́жинать с его́ служи́телями.

     Mamáša, vy vinó zapišíte na Karjukova. Jésli on ljúbit svjatóje iskússtvo, to pustʹ i plátit za čestʹ úžinatʹ s jevó služíteljami.

     Put the wine down to Karyukov, Madame. If he loves sacred art, then he can pay for the honour of having supper with its priests.

2. Used to denote repeated alternation of enumerated actions, events or objects.

   То холодры́га, то ле́то. ― To xolodrýga, to léto. ― It's freezing one minute then summer the next.

   То он занима́ется му́зыкой, то он снима́ется в кино́. ― To on zanimájetsja múzykoj, to on snimájetsja v kinó. ― If he's not doing music, he's doing movies.

   • 1909, Надежда Тэффи [Nadezhda Teffi], “Октавий и второй триумвират”, in Рим; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):

     Клеопа́тра вы́плыла на свои́х корабля́х и уча́ствовала в сраже́нии, смотря́ на Анто́ния то зелёными, то фиоле́товыми, то пурпу́рными, то жёлтыми глаза́ми.

     Kleopátra výplyla na svoíx korabljáx i učástvovala v sražénii, smotrjá na Antónija to zeljónymi, to fiolétovymi, to purpúrnymi, to žóltymi glazámi.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Anagrams

• от (ot)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /to/, [t̪ʰɔ]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Classical Persian تَا (tā)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Classical Persian طَاء (tā'), from Arabic طَاء (ṭāʔ).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Samoyedic *to, from Proto-Uralic *towe.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Samoyedic *tuəj.

References

• Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, pages 121, 165
• N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “то”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
• Irina Nikolaeva (2014) A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 25