̃

Usage notes

(IPA): Distinguish two stacked nasal tildes (strong nasalization, [◌̃̃]) from a double tilde: ⟨◌͌⟩.

Descendants

• → Old English: ◌̃
  • Middle English: ◌̃
    • English: ◌̃
• Old French: ◌̃
  • Middle French: ◌̃
• → German: ◌̃
• Portuguese: ◌̃
• Spanish: ◌̃

Descendants

• English: ◌̃

Descendants

• Middle French: ◌̃

Usage notes

• In the letter a, forms ã with the sound /ɐ̃/ followed by a semivowel or word-finally, as in avelã and canção, or in words derived from those, as in maçãzeira.
• In the letter o, forms õ with the sound /õ/ followed by a semivowel, as in canções and põem.
• Additionally, the same diacritical mark has had other uses in the past:
  • In the letter u, forms ũ with the sound /ũ/ followed by a vowel, as in hũa.
  • Abbreviation of m or n in the syllable coda, as in cõtãto (for contanto) and cõ (for com).
  • In the letter q, forms q̃ as an abbreviation of que and derivatives, as in q̃ for que, porq̃ for porque and paraq̃ for para que.
• The tilde can appear in nonstressed or stressed vowels alike:
  • A tilde can occur in an unstressed syllable in the same word as the acute or circumflex accent, as in sótão, órgão and bênção.
  • Multiple tildes can occur in augmentatives, as in aviãozão and leãozão.
  • In words with the suffixes -zinho (forms diminutives) and -mente (forms adverbs from adjectives, like the English suffix -ly), the stressed syllable changes and thus normally accents would be dropped, as in pé, pezinho; pálido, palidamente. That does not happen with the tilde: irmã, irmãzinha; alemã, alemãmente.

Usage notes

In some dialects of Vietnamese, particularly Saigonese, the mid-rising, glottalized tone is conflated with the mid falling-rising, harsh tone represented by ̉. Therefore, speakers of Saigonese often use ̉ in words that are spelled with a tilde in standard written Vietnamese.

In Vietnamese handwriting and signmaking, the letter I/i retains its tittle.

In Vietnamese handwriting, when the tilde is combined with the circumflex, the tilde's left side may be omitted and its right side curled.

See also