Unified Northern Alphabet

The Unified Northern Alphabet (UNA) (Russian: Единый северный алфавит, romanized: Edinyy severnyy alfavit) was a set of Latin alphabets created during the Latinisation in the Soviet Union for the "small" languages of northern Russia and used for about five years during the 1930s.

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2019)

Thumb — The Latin-based Unified Northern Alphabet, 1932

Systematic work on the development of writing in the languages of the peoples of the North began in 1926, when the Northern Faculty (known as the Institute of the Peoples of the North (IPN) since 1930) of the Leningrad Oriental Institute [ru] was established.

Alphabets were initially planned for Chukchi, Even, Evenki, Gilyak, Itelmen, Ket, Koryak, Mansi, Nanai, Nenets, Kildin Sámi, Selkup, Siberian Yupik and Udihe.

The descending tail or hook beneath the letters may look like a cedilla, comma, ogonek, or extended serif, depending on the typeface.

More information Letter, Trans. ...

Letter	Trans.^[1]	Kildin Sámi (a)^[2]	Kildin Sámi (b)^[1]	Nenets	Selkup	Mansi	Khanty	Evenki	Even	Nanai	Udihe	Itelmen	Chukchi	Koryak	Yupik	Aleut	Ket	Gilyak
A a	a	A a	A a Ā ā	A a Ā ā	A a Ā ā	A a	A a	A a Ā ā	A a Ā ā	A a Ā ā	A a Ā ā	A a	A a Ā ā	A a	A a	A a	A a	A a
B ʙ	b	B ʙ	B ʙ B̦ ʙ̦	B ʙ B̦ ʙ̦	B ʙ	—	—	B b	B ʙ	B ʙ	B ʙ	B ʙ B̦ ʙ̦	—	—	B ʙ B̦ ʙ̦	B ʙ	B ʙ	B ʙ
C c	c (ts)	C c		C c Ç ç	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	C c Ç ç	—	—	C c	C c	—	—
Ꞓ ꞓ (Є є)	č	Ꞓ ꞓ		—	Ꞓ ꞓ	—	Ꞓ ꞓ	Ꞓ ꞓ	Ꞓ ꞓ	Ꞓ ꞓ	Ꞓ ꞓ	—	Ꞓ ꞓ	Ꞓ ꞓ	—	—	—	Ꞓ ꞓ
D d	d	D d D̦ d̦		D d D̦ d̦	D d	—	—	D d	D d	D d	D d	D d D̦ d̦	D d	—	D d	D d	D d	D d D̦ d̦
Ʒ ʒ	dž	Ʒ ʒ		—	—	—	—	Ʒ ʒ	Ʒ ʒ	Ʒ ʒ	Ʒ ʒ	—	—	—	—	Ʒ ʒ	—	—
Ɜ ɜ	dz	Ɜ ɜ		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
E e	e	E e		E e Ē ē	E e	E e	E e	E e	E e	E e	E e Ē ē	E e	E e Ē ē	E e	E e	E e	E e	E e
Ə ə	ə	Ə ə		Ə ə Ə̄ ə̄	Ə ə	—	Ə ə	Ə ə Ə̄ ə̄	Ə ə Ə̄ ə̄	Ə ə Ə̄ ə̄	Ə ə Ə̄ ə̄	Ə ə	Ə ə Ə̄ ə̄	Ə ə	Ə ə	Ə ə	Ə ə	Ə ə
Æ æ	ä	—	Æ æ	—	Æ æ	—	—	—	—	—	Æ æ	—	—	—	—	—	Æ æ	—
F f	f	F f		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	F f	F f	—	—	F f	F f	—	F f
G g	g	G g Ģ ģ	G g	G g	G g	G g	—	G g	G g	G g	G g	G g Ģ ģ	G g	G g	G g	G g	G g	G g
H h	h	H h		H h	—	H h	H h	H h	H h	H h	H h	H h	—	—	H h	H h	H h	H h
Ꜧ ꜧ	γ	—		Ꜧ ꜧ	—	Ꜧ ꜧ	Ꜧ ꜧ	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ꜧ ꜧ	Ꜧ ꜧ
I i	i	I i	I i Ī ī	I i Ī ī	I i	I i	I i	I i	I i	I i Ī ī	I i Ī ī	I i	I i Ī ī	I i	I i	I i	I i	I i
Ь ь	y	Ь ь		Ь ь Ь̄ ь̄	Ь ь	Ь ь	Ь ь	—	—	—	—	Ь ь	Ь ь Ь̄ ь̄	Ь ь	Ь ь	Ь ь	Ь ь	—
J j	j	J j		J j	J j	J j	J j	J j	J j	J j	J j	J j	J j	J j	J j	J j	J j	J j
K k	k	K k Ķ ķ		K k	K k	K k	K k	K k	K k	K k	K k	K k Ķ ķ	K k	K k	K k	K k	K k	K k Kʻ kʻ
L l	l	L l Ļ ļ		L l Ļ ļ	L l Ļ ļ	L l Ļ ļ	L l Ļ ļ	L l	L l	L l	L l	L l Ļ ļ	L l	L l Ļ ļ	L l Ļ ļ	L l Ļ ļ	L l Ļ ļ	L l
Ł ł	tl	—		—	—	—	Ł ł Ł̦ ł̦		—	—	—	—	Ł ł	—	—	Ł ł	Ł ł	—
M m	m	M m M̦ m̦		M m M̦ m̦	M m	M m	M m	M m	M m	M m	M m	M m M̦ m̦	M m	M m	M m	M m	M m	M m
N n	n	N n Ņ ņ		N n Ņ ņ	N n Ņ ņ	N n Ņ ņ	N n Ņ ņ	N n Ņ ņ	N n Ņ ņ	N n Ņ ņ	N n Ņ ņ	N n Ņ ņ	N n	N n Ņ ņ	N n Ņ ņ	N n	N n Ņ ņ	N n Ņ ņ
Ŋ ŋ	ng	Ŋ ŋ		Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ	Ŋ ŋ
O o	o	O o	O o Ō ō	O o Ō ō	O o	O o	O o	O o Ō ō	O o Ō ō	O o Ō ō	O o Ō ō	O o	O o Ō ō	O o	O o	O o	O o	O o
Ɵ ɵ	ö	—		—	Ɵ ɵ	—	Ɵ ɵ	—	—	—	Ɵ ɵ	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
P p	p	P p P̦ p̦		P p P̦ p̦	P p	P p	P p	P p	P p	P p	P p	P p P̦ p̦	P p	P p	P p	P p	P p	P p Pʻ pʻ
Q q	q	—		—	Q q	—	Q q	—	—	—	—	Q q	Q q	Q q	Q q	Q q	Q q	Q q Qʻ qʻ
R r	r	R r Ŗ ŗ		R r Ŗ ŗ	R r	R r	R r	R r	R r	R r	R r	R r Ŗ ŗ	R r	R r	R r	R r	R r	R r Rʻ rʻ
Ɍ ɍ	ř	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ɍ ɍ	—	—
S s	s	S s Ș ș		S s Ș ș	S s	S s	S s Ș ș	S s	S s	S s	S s	S s Ș ș	S s	S s	S s Ș ș	S s	S s Ș ș	S s
Ꞩ ꞩ	š	Ꞩ ꞩ		—	Ꞩ ꞩ	Ꞩ ꞩ	Ꞩ ꞩ	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
T t	t	T t Ț ț		T t Ț ț	T t	T t Ț ț	T t Ț ț	T t	T t	T t	T t	T t Ț ț	T t	T t Ț ț	T t	T t	T t Ț ț	T t Ț ț Tʻ tʻ
U u	u	U u	U u Ū ū	U u Ū ū	U u	U u	U u	U u	U u	U u Ū ū	U u Ū ū	U u	U u Ū ū	U u	U u	U u	U u	U u
V v	v	V v V̦ v̦		—	—	V v	—	—	—	—	—	V v V̦ v̦	V v	V v	V v	V v	—	V v
W w	w	—		W w	W w	—	W w	W w	W w	W w	W w	W w	W w	W w	W w	W w	W w	—
X x	x	—	X x	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	X x	X x	—	—	X x	X x	—	X x
Y y	ü	—		—	Y y	—	Y y	—	—	—	Y y	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Z z	z	Z z Z̦ z̦	Z z	Z z Z̦ z̦	Z z	—	—	—	—	—	Z z	Z z Z̦ z̦	—	—	Z z	—	—	Z z
Ƶ ƶ	ž	Ƶ ƶ		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ƶ ƶ	—	—

Unified Northern Alphabet

Alphabet

Letters in use across different languages

Further development

Reading

References

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