Umman Manda

Umman Manda (Akkadian: 𒂟𒌋𒌋𒁕, romanized: Ummān Manda literal translation"}]],"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"literal translation","href":"./Template:Literal_translation"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"the horde from who knows where"}},"i":0}}]}">lit. 'the horde from who knows where'^[1]) is a term used in the early second and first millennia BC for a poorly known people in the Ancient Near East. They have been identified in different contexts as Hurrians, Elamites, Medes, Cimmerians, and Scythians.^[2] The homeland of Umman Manda seems to be somewhere from Central Anatolia to north or northeastern Babylonia, possibly in what later came to be known as Mitanni, Mannae, or Media.^[3] Zaluti, whose name seems to have an Indo-Iranian etymology, is mentioned as a leader of Ummanda Manda. He is even suggested to be identified with Salitis the founder of the Hyksos, the Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt.^[4]

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During the middle-6th century BC, the term Ummān Manda was used to designate the Cimmerians and the Scythians.^[5]

By the time of the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, it was used to designate the Medes.^[5]