Repository (version control)

In version control systems, a repository is a data structure that stores metadata for a set of files or directory structure.^[1] Depending on whether the version control system in use is distributed, like Git or Mercurial, or centralized, like Subversion, CVS, or Perforce, the whole set of information in the repository may be duplicated on every user's system or may be maintained on a single server.^[2] Some of the metadata that a repository contains includes, among other things, a historical record of changes in the repository, a set of commit objects, and a set of references to commit objects, called heads.

The main purpose of a repository is to store a set of files, as well as the history of changes made to those files.^[3] Exactly how each version control system handles storing those changes, however, differs greatly. For instance, Subversion in the past relied on a database instance but has since moved to storing its changes directly on the filesystem.^[4] These differences in storage techniques have generally led to diverse uses of version control by different groups, depending on their needs.^[5]

In software engineering, a version control system is used to keep track of versions of a set of files, usually to allow multiple developers to collaborate on a project. The repository keeps track of the files in the project, which is represented as a graph.

A distributed version control system is made up of central and branch repositories. A central repository exists on the server. To make changes to it, a developer first works on a branch repository, and proceeds to commit the change to the former.

A code forge is a web interface to a version control system. A user can commonly browse repositories and their constituent files on the page itself.

• Sandbox (software development)
• Software repository
• Codebase
• Git
• Forge (software)
• Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities