List of mammals of Cantabria

VN: Common to all the genus: Liebratu (leveret).

The predominant fur is brown, darker on the back, with the back of the tail, belly, "collar" and a white part of the face up to the eyes. The tips of the ears are black, as well as the dorsal side of the tail.

It is the largest hare in the Iberian Peninsula. It has long limbs and ears, the latter with black tips and yellowish-brown fur, except for the whitish belly area and little extension.

The fur is short and reddish-brown, streaked with black on the back and white on the muzzle, cheeks, belly, part of the legs (feet and upper part, the rest is brown) and tail. The tips of the ears and the back of the tail are black.

Thick, woolly coat, pale brown to gray, oval head and large eyes. Very short tail. Its forelegs are shorter than its hindlegs. It differs from hares because its ears, somewhat shorter, do not end in black tips and has a less elongated and slender body.

Arvicoline of medium size. Brown dorsal coat with grayish belly with small eyes and ears, its snout is rounded and its tail is slightly longer than half of the body. It feeds mainly on vegetables found on the banks of rivers and ponds.

It is one of the largest arvicolines. Quite uniform coat, grayish-brown back, white belly, generally whitish feet and tail.

Small rodent, of massive constitution, with short ears, not protruding at all, and broad head. The dorsal color is yellowish-brown and the ventral color is grayish-white; the young are grayish and there is no sexual dimorphism in color and carriage.

It has a characteristic dark stripe over the eyes like a mask, a reddish-brown back and a white belly. Its long tail, completely covered with hair, ends in a tuft of black and white hairs. It is arboreal and hibernating.

NV: Ratu (name for all mice, in general)

The smallest of the murids. Short face, blunt snout and round ears, visible among the fur. The most characteristic feature of the species is the prehensile tail, characteristic of a climbing animal. Similar in color to other murids, reddish brown on the dorsal side and white on the ventral side.

NV: Ratu (name for all mice, in general)

NV: Ratu (name for all mice, in general)

Small rodent. Tail hairless, always equal to or larger than the rest of the body. The coloration of the animal is reddish-yellow on the upper part, while the belly is whitish and clearly delimited by color.

The body is coarse and the tail is covered with ringed scales; the coat is dark gray on the back. The snout is blunter and the ears shorter than those of the black rat (Rattus rattus).

Hairless tail covered with ringed scales. The muzzle is pointed. The coat is black or gray one. They live from 2 to 3 years. It climbs better than the gray and prefers high places.

The tail is slightly more than half of its length. Its coat is short and of gray tones, which lighten on the belly.

NV: Ratu (name for all mice, in general)

Small-sized murid, with rounded snout, small eyes and ears. They have a chestnut gray dorsal coloration, with a darker stripe from the head to the beginning of the tail, grayish white belly, clearly separated from the dorsum. It is easily differentiated from Mus musculus by its coloration and by the relative length of the tail, which is much shorter than the body.

A large rodent with a shiny brown coat, denser on the back, introduced in the northern peninsula from specimens that escaped from fur farms in France.^[10]

It has several adaptations to semi-aquatic life: webbed hindlimbs; small ears; eyes and nostrils located on the dorsal part of the head.

NV: Esquilu, isquilu, risquilu, inguila.^[28]

A medium-sized arboreal squirrel with a long, bushy tail and tufted ear tips. They are generally reddish in color, those of the northern forests darker than the Mediterranean ones.

Large bat with long and narrow wings, head typical of the genus, rigid ears projected forward. The tail protrudes from the caudal membrane and in flight retracts into the uropatagium. Echolocation signals around 15-9 kHz. Tooth formula:${\displaystyle {\frac {1.1.2.3}{3.1.2.3}}}$

NV: Common to all the family

(Spanish) murcielago, murciágano/u, murciégano, sapulatu/o, spulatu,^[44]sapalatu, saparnatu,^[45] sapu jelau.^[46]

Intermediate size between R. ferrumequinum and R. hipposideros. Saddle pointed and slightly inclined. Horseshoe with three vertical furrows. Inside of the ears are pinkish. At rest, it keeps its wings almost tucked up, showing almost all of its pectoral area. Echolocation signals around 105–102 kHz.

It is the largest representative of the genus Rhinolophus in Europe. It has a single conspicuous groove on the lower lip. Echolocation signals around 81–78 kHz.

It is the smallest species of the genus Rhinolophus. Echolocation signals around 115–106 kHz. Tooth formula common to all Rhinolophus:${\displaystyle {\frac {1.1.2.3}{2.1.3.3}}}$

NV: Common to all the family

(Spanish) murcielago, murciágano/u, murciégano, sapulatu/o, spulatu,^[44]sapalatu, saparnatu,^[45] sapu jelau.^[46]

Medium-sized bat, with large quadrangular ears, joined at the forehead at their inner edge. The fur is dark, between blackish and brownish. Echolocation signals around 43-41 and 37–32 kHz and irregular rhythm. T.f..:${\displaystyle {\frac {2.1.2.3}{3.1.2.3}}}$

Dark brown fur on the back and lighter belly. The young are grayish in color. The ears are triangular and short and the tragus is linear with a rounded end. The wing membranes are inserted at the base of the feet. Echolocation signals around 26 kHz. T.f.:${\displaystyle {\frac {2.1.1.3}{3.1.2.3}}}$

Membranes, ears and face black. Ears short, separated at their base and wider and rounder than Pipistrellus. Swallow short and rounded. Dense and quite long fur. Upper incisors with two tips and first premolar very small or absent. Echolocation signals around 38–30 kHz. T.f..:${\displaystyle {\frac {2.1.2.3}{3.1.2.3}}}$

Very short snout and flattened and protruding profile; the ears are small and triangular and the tragus is short, rounded and projected inward. The wings are long and narrow. The fur is short and dense, grayish brown on the back and paler on the belly. Echolocation signals around 55 kHz. T.f.:${\displaystyle {\frac {2.1.2.3}{3.1.3.3}}}$

Ears broad and long, larger than in other Myotis, separated at the base contrary to Plecotus, with nine transverse folds on the outer edge and long lancet-shaped tragus. Long fur, dark brown back and light gray belly. Hatchlings light gray. Straight spur of length 1/3-1/2 of the uropatagium. Last caudal vertebra free. The plagiopatagium begins at the base of the toes. Echolocation signals between 80 and 30 kHz.

Similar to M. myotis and M. punicus, but more slender and with a thinner snout. Its ear is less than 26 mm. White spot on the frontal fur. Emits pulses similar to M. myotis, from 62 to 28 kHz. Tooth formula common to all myotis:${\displaystyle {\frac {2.1.3.3}{3.1.3.3}}}$

Brownish gray back and silvery gray belly. The young have darker fur. Face of a pinkish hue, hairless area around the eyes. Tail and wing membranes are dark brown. Echolocation signals between 69 and 25 kHz.

Size medium-small, ears of medium length with a more marked notch than in other species. Short and pointed snout. Reddish blond back and yellowish belly. Plagiopatagium inserted at the base of the outermost toe. Juveniles darker, without reddish tones.

Smaller, light belly, dark dorsum and pointed tragus. Fringe of stiff hairs on edge of uropatagium, spur sinuously shaped.

Short, dense hair, with a dark base and chestnut to grayish-brown back, belly almost white. Young ashy gray, reddish-brown skin. Broad muzzle with glandular bumps. Uropatagium hairless, with a spur covering half of its edge. Emits pulses similar to M. blythii, 62 to 28 kHz.

Small bat with long fur. It is similar to M. brandtii and M. alcathoe. The spur only reaches half of the free edge of the uropatagium. Echolocation signals from 75 to 32 kHz.

It is the largest European bat. It has no sexual dimorphism. Brown to reddish fur, lighter or yellowish on the belly. Dense, long, lustrous fur, extending over the patagium. Ears short, wide and rounded, thick antitragus, large and kidney-shaped swallow. Long and relatively narrow wings inserted in the ankle. Robust dentition. Echolocation signals in two pulses of 17 kHz and 15.3 kHz.

Medium size, smaller than N. noctula. Face, ears and wings dark. Brown fur, darker on the belly than on the back. Base of the arms covered with hair. Short ears of rounded shape similar to a mushroom. Long and narrow wings. Echolocation signals in two pulses with maximum energy frequencies between 31 and 23 kHz.

Large, rounded ears with rounded tragus. Muzzle short and broad, wings long and narrow inserting at the ankles. Golden brown fur. Wings, ears and snout dark brown. Echolocation signals in two pulses with frequencies of 45–25 kHz and 25–19 kHz. Tooth formula common to all Nyctalus: ${\displaystyle {\frac {2.1.2.3}{3.1.2.3}}}$

NV: Common to the whole genus (Spanish): pistruello, pipistruello, pipistrello,^[57][45]pistrueyu, esperteyu.^[45]

Muzzle fat and short. Triangular ears, rounded-tipped snout. The tail protrudes 1 mm from the uropatagium. The fifth toe measures between 44 and 45 millimeters. Variable coat, yellowish brown or reddish back and light gray belly. Dark brown ears, muzzle and patagium. White stripe of 2 mm, visible and well delimited on the posterior edge of the wing membrane, between the fifth toe and the foot. Tooth formula common to the whole genus: ${\displaystyle {\frac {2.1.2.3}{3.1.2.3}}}$

Muzzle large and short. Triangular ears, short rounded-tipped tragus. Dorsal part of the uropatagium covered with hair up to the middle and the belly part only along the leg. The tail protrudes less than 1 mm from the uropatagium and the fifth toe is about 46 mm long. Dorsal coat reddish brown in summer, darker in autumn. Belly light brown or yellowish. Muzzle, ears and wing membranes blackish brown.

Narrow wings. Ears short, triangular with rounded corners. Tragus kidney-shaped, rounded tip and especially long and developed. Premaxillary bone fused to the maxilla. Muzzle short with glandular bulges on both sides next to the labial glands (mouthparts), whitish in color. Skin brown, of variable shades, but usually darker than in P. pygmaeus. Wing and tail membranes darker and hairless. Skin of the face darker than the rest of the body, sometimes reaching black.

The smallest bat in Europe. Variable brownish-olive fur, pale sandy on the back and lighter belly. Lighter than P. pipistrellus. Light patches on the skin of the face. Coat on the dorsum of the uropatagium denser and more extended than P. pipistrellus.

Medium-sized bat with very large ears, up to 30 mm, which give it its name. It has a more or less cylindrical penis, ending in a pointed tip. They are relatively slow fliers and emit echolocation signals from 83 to 26 kHz.

Medium size. Very large ears attached to the head by their inner edges. Dark gray back and whitish or very pale gray belly. Echolocation signals from 85 to 25 kHz. F.d. common to all Plecotus: ${\displaystyle {\frac {2.1.2.3}{3.1.3.3}}}$

NV: (in Spanish) lobu, lubu,^[64]lubucu (wolverine, Spanish: lobezno).^[65]

The Iberian wolf (C. l. signatus), a smaller wolf than other European wolves, has a characteristic dark stripe on the forelegs, another dark patch along the tail and another around the withers (saddle-shaped).

NV: raposu/u,^[67] raposa.^[64]

Small canid with reddish tones and solitary habits, it has a long and bushy tail with a white tip. The ears and the ends of the legs are black.

NV: (in Spanish) gatu montés.^[69]

The European wildcat (F. s. silvestris) is larger and more robust than the domestic cat and incapable of meowing. Gray brindle in color, it has 3 to 5 dark rings on its short tail, which ends in a rounded black tip.

NV: (in Spanish) villería.^[69]

The stoat has an elongated and flexible body and a brownish fur on the back and white or yellowish white on the chest and belly. The tip of the tail is black. In colder regions, it moults its fur becoming entirely white.

NV: (in Spanish) Monuca galana, monuca, mona, bonuca, galana/uca, mostolilla, camisuela, villería/uca (when confused with the stoat, «true villería»), bilidilla, campizuca, campizuela, juricahuevos, paniquesa,^[72][73]bonita, billería/uca,^[73] mustelilla, mosta, rosmila, rosmilla.^[72]

It is the smallest mustelid, it looks like a reduced version of M. erminea with its spring coat. Its body is fusiform and its fur is brown on the back and flanks and white on the belly and throat. Males are slightly larger than females.

The polecat's body is elongated and flexible, with short legs, small, broad and flattened head and rounded, barely protruding ears. Its fur varies between gray, brown and yellowish on the back, being black on legs and belly; while the face is white with a dark mask.

NV: Martuju^[76]

Mustelid with small head, sharp muzzle, slender body and short legs. The fur is thick and soft, darker on the back than on the belly, with a cream collar. It differs from the beech marten (M. foina) in having larger ears, a sharper muzzle and a cream-colored throat instead of white.

NV: (in Spanish) rámila,^[64] rosmilla, rósmila, rezmila.^[69][78]

Similar to M. martes although slightly shorter and stouter, with a flatter muzzle and smaller ears. The white collar is forked towards the forelimbs.

NV: Tasugu^[80]

The badger's legs are short and strong, the muzzle is mobile and muscular and the neck is short and broad. The fur is long and strong, black and white on the back and black on the belly and legs. The head is white with two lateral black stripes covering the eyes.

NV: (in Spanish) lóndriga, lúndriga, londrigón, lundia, luntria,^[82] londre.^[65]

Short, brownish fur, with a white throat patch and membranes between the toes of the limbs. Its corpulence and swimming style distinguish it from other aquatic mustelids such as the mink.

Males are larger and heavier than females. The color varies from very dark brown to light golden through gray ranges. Adults may retain remnants of the whitish collar common in hatchlings.

NV: (in Spanish) gatu algar, xineta.^[85]

Introduced by the Arabs to hunt mice, the genet has a slender, mottled body, striped tail, black muzzle and pointed ears. It is an agile climber with nocturnal habits.

Smaller and more slender than a goat, the Pyrenean chamois (R.p. parva) is characterized by its small hooked horns and the two dark stripes that cover the eyes like a mask.

Males have small three-pronged horns that moult every year. Reddish-brown fur in summer, grayish in winter. The belly is lighter than the back. The hair of the young is reddish with white speckles. Bark-like cry.

NV: (in Spanish) venado,^[89]venau.^[90]

A large, brownish-colored deer with a whitish belly and buttocks. Females are smaller and antlerless. Males renew their antlers every year. The fawns are reddish, with white spots and stripes.

NV: (in Spanish) jabalín.^[92]

An ancestor of the domestic pig, it has a large, elongated head, thick neck and short legs. The coat is harsh and varies in color from gray to dark black. The legs and the contour of the muzzle are blacker than the rest of the body.