Jon Fosse

Jon Fosse was born in 1959 in Haugesund, Norway, and grew up in Strandebarm.^[10] His family were Quakers and Pietists, which he credits with shaping his spiritual views.^[11] A serious accident at age seven brought him close to death; Fosse witnessed seeing a shimmering light and experiencing peace and beauty. Fosse recalls "I think this experience fundamentally changed me, and perhaps made me a writer.^[12][13] He started writing around the age of twelve, despite Fosse's claims that he was not very concerned with books. As a teenager, Fosse was interested in becoming a rock guitarist, and he began to dedicate more time to writing once he gave up his musical ambitions.^[11] He also played the fiddle, and much of his teenage writing practice involved creating his own lyrics for musical pieces. Growing up, he was influenced by communism and anarchism and has described himself as a "hippie".^[14]

Fosse enrolled at the University of Bergen and studied comparative literature during which time he began writing in Nynorsk.^[14] His debut novel, Raudt, svart (Red, Black), was published in 1983 and was influenced by the Nynorsk writer Tarjei Vesaas.^[14][11] The novel contrasted with the social realist fiction popular in Norway at the time and emphasised linguistic expression rather than plot.^[11] He published a second novel, Stengd gitar (Closed Guitar) in 1985 and a poetic cycle, Engel med vatn i augene (Angel with Water in Its Eyes) in 1986.^[11] He gained a master's degree in comparative literature in 1987, again from the University of Bergen, and published his third novel, Blod. Steinen er (Blood. The Stone Is).^[11] Following his separation from his wife in 1989, Fosse published a novel and his first collection of essays. In the early 1990s, he continued to publish novels and worked with his second wife, Grethe Fatima Syéd, on several translations.^[11]

Fosse's first play, Og aldri skal vi skiljast (And We'll Never Be Parted), was performed and published in 1994. Fosse has written novels, short stories, poetry, children's books, essays, and plays. His works have been translated into more than forty languages. Between working on his novels, Fosse works as a translator of other authors' works.^[14]

Fosse is the most performed Norwegian playwright after Henrik Ibsen.^[2][5] His works are seen as a modern continuation of the tradition established by Henrik Ibsen in the 19th century.^[7] Fosse himself mentions Samuel Beckett, as well as Georg Trakl and Thomas Bernhard as his elective relatives.^[15] Other authors and books that have influenced his life and work include Olav H. Hauge, Franz Kafka, William Faulkner, Virginia Woolf, and the Bible.^[16]

In 2003, Fosse was made a chevalier of the Ordre national du Mérite of France.^[17] He has also been ranked number 83 on the list of the Top 100 living geniuses by The Daily Telegraph.^[18]

Since 2011, Fosse has been granted the Grotten, an honorary residence owned by the Norwegian state and located on the premises of the Royal Palace in the city centre of Oslo.^[19] The use of the Grotten as a permanent residence is an honour specially bestowed by the King of Norway for contributions to Norwegian arts and culture. He was among the literary consultants for Bibel 2011, a Norwegian translation of the Bible published in 2011.^[20] He was also awarded the 2015 Nordic Council's Literature Prize for the trilogy Andvake (Wakefulness), Olavs draumar (Olav's Dreams), and Kveldsvævd (Weariness).^[21]

Many of Fosse's works have been translated into Persian by Mohammad Hamed, and his dramatic works have been performed on the main stages in Tehran, Iran.^[22][23] Six^[24] of Fosse's plays have been translated into American English by interdisciplinary artist Sarah Cameron Sunde, who also directed their American debut productions in New York City and Pittsburgh, Pa.. The translated works which have been produced include Night Sings its Songs^[25] (2004), deathvariations^[26] (2006), SaKaLa^[27] (2008), A Summer Day^[28][29] (2012), and Dream of Autumn^[30] (2013).

In April 2022, Fosse's novel A New Name: Septology VI-VII, translated into English by Damion Searls, was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize.^[31] The book was named a finalist for the 2023 National Book Critics Circle Award in Fiction.^[32]

In October 2023, Fosse was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.^[33] This made him the first Nynorsk writer to receive the prize^[34] and the fourth Norwegian to win it, following Sigrid Undset, who won it in 1928.^[35]

Fosse has been married three times. He was married to Bjørg Sissel (b. 1959), a nurse, from 1980 to 1992 with whom he had a son. The next year, he married Grethe Fatima Syéd, an Indian-Norwegian translator and author, although they later separated. They had two daughters and a son during their marriage.^[36][37][11]

Fosse spends part of his time with his third wife, Anna (m. 2011), who is Slovak, in Hainburg an der Donau in Austria. He also owns homes in Bergen and two more in other parts of western Norway.^[14] Originally, he was a member of the Church of Norway (although he described himself as an atheist before 2012). In 2012–2013, he joined the Catholic Church and voluntarily admitted himself to rehabilitation to address his long-term issues with alcohol consumption.^[20] His conversion to Catholicism helped Fosse in his effort to stop drinking. Fosse practices solitude by keeping away from noises, never watching television, radio and rarely listening to music. In his pursuit of solitude, Fosse sees writing as a confession and a prayer.^[38]