Jōtoku

Jōtoku (承徳) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Eichō and before Kōwa. This period spanned the years from November 1097 through August 1099.^[1] The reigning emperor was Horikawa-tennō (堀河天皇).^[2]

January 16, 1097 Jōtoku gannen (承徳元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Eichō 2, on the 21st day of the 11th month of 1097.^[3]

1097 (Jōtoku 1, 1st month): The dainagon Minamoto no Tsunenobu died at age 82.^[4]
1097 (Jōtoku 1, 4th month): The emperor visited the temple at Gion.^[4]
1097 (Jōtoku 1, 10th month): The emperor visited the home of Kampaku, Fujiwara no Moromichi.^[4]

[1]
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jōtoku" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 434, p. 434, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
[2]
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 172–176; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 317–319; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 202.
[3]
Brown, p. 319.
[4]
Titsingh, p. 176.

Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764

National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Preceded by Eichō	Era or nengō Jōtoku 1097–1099	Succeeded by Kōwa

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[1] [1]
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jōtoku" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 434, p. 434, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.

[2] [2]
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 172–176; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 317–319; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 202.

[3] [3]
Brown, p. 319.

[t176-4] [4]
Titsingh, p. 176.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

Jōtoku

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Change of Era

Events of the Jōtoku Era

Notes

References

External links