Electric car EPA fuel economy

The following table compares official EPA ratings for fuel economy (in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent, mpg-e or MPGe, for plug-in electric vehicles) for series production all-electric passenger vehicles rated by the EPA for model years 2015,^[1] 2016,^[2] 2017,^[3] and 2023^[4] versus the model year 2016 vehicles that were rated the most efficient by the EPA with plug-in hybrid drivetrains (Chevrolet Volt – second generation), gasoline-electric hybrid drivetrains (Toyota Prius Eco - fourth generation),^[5]^[6]^[7] and the average new vehicle for that model year, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg_‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg_‑imp).^[2]^[5]

EPA rating data are taken from manufacturer testing of their own vehicles, usually conducted using pre-production prototypes. Manufacturers report the results to EPA, which reviews the results and confirms about 15%–20% of them through their own tests at the National Vehicles and Fuel Emissions Laboratory.^[8]

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Comparison of top fuel efficient battery-electric vehicles versus most efficient fossil fuel vehicles (including hybrid-electric vehicles) (Fuel economy as displayed in the Monroney label)^[1]^[2]^[3]
Vehicle	Model year	EPA rated fuel economy			Notes
Vehicle	Model year	Combined	City	Highway	Notes
Toyota Prius HEV^[4]	2023	57 mpg	57 mpg	56 mpg	(9)
Hyundai Ioniq 6 Long Range RWD w/ 18-inch wheels^[4]	2023	140 mpg‑e 24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km	153 mpg‑e 22.0 kWh/100 mi; 13.7 kWh/100 km	127 mpg‑e 26.5 kWh/100 mi; 16.5 kWh/100 km	(1)
Lucid Air Pure AWD w/ 19-inch wheels^[4]	2023	140 mpg‑e 24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km	141 mpg‑e 23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km	140 mpg‑e 24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km	(1)
Tesla Model Y AWD^[4]	2023	123 mpg‑e 27.4 kWh/100 mi; 17.0 kWh/100 km	129 mpg‑e 26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km	116 mpg‑e 29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km	(1)
Tesla Model 3^[9] Standard Range^[10]	2020	141 mpg‑e 23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km	148 mpg‑e 22.8 kWh/100 mi; 14.2 kWh/100 km	132 mpg‑e 25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km	(1)
Hyundai Ioniq Electric^[3]^[11]	2017	136 mpg‑e 24.8 kWh/100 mi; 15.4 kWh/100 km	150 mpg‑e 22.5 kWh/100 mi; 14.0 kWh/100 km	122 mpg‑e 27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km	(1) (4)
BMW i3 (60 A·h)^[12]^[13]	2014/15/16	124 mpg‑e 27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km	137 mpg‑e 24.6 kWh/100 mi; 15.3 kWh/100 km	111 mpg‑e 30.4 kWh/100 mi; 18.9 kWh/100 km	(1) (3) (4) (5)
Scion iQ EV^[14]	2013	121 mpg‑e 27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km	138 mpg‑e 24.4 kWh/100 mi; 15.2 kWh/100 km	105 mpg‑e 32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km	(1)
Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD^[15]	2020	121 mpg‑e 27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km	124 mpg‑e 27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km	116 mpg‑e 29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km	(1)
Chevrolet Bolt EV^[16]	2017	119 mpg‑e 28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km	121 mpg‑e 27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km	110 mpg‑e 30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km
Chevrolet Spark EV^[17]	2014/15/16	119 mpg‑e 28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km	128 mpg‑e 26.3 kWh/100 mi; 16.4 kWh/100 km	109 mpg‑e 30.9 kWh/100 mi; 19.2 kWh/100 km	(1)
BMW i3 (94 A·h)^[12]	2017	118 mpg‑e 28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km	129 mpg‑e 26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km	106 mpg‑e 31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km	(1)
Honda Fit EV^[18]	2013/14	118 mpg‑e 28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km	132 mpg‑e 25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km	105 mpg‑e 32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km	(1)
Fiat 500e^[19]	2013/14/15	116 mpg‑e 29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km	122 mpg‑e 27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km	108 mpg‑e 31.2 kWh/100 mi; 19.4 kWh/100 km	(1)
Volkswagen e-Golf^[20]	2015/16	116 mpg‑e 29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km	126 mpg‑e 26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km	105 mpg‑e 32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km	(1)
Nissan Leaf (24 kW-h)^[21]	2013/14/15/16	114 mpg‑e 29.6 kWh/100 mi; 18.4 kWh/100 km	126 mpg‑e 26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km	101 mpg‑e 33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km	(1) (6)
Mitsubishi i^[22]	2012/13/14/16	112 mpg‑e 30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km	126 mpg‑e 26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km	99 mpg‑e 34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km	(1)
Nissan Leaf (30 kW-h)^[21]	2016	112 mpg‑e 30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km	124 mpg‑e 27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km	101 mpg‑e 33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km	(1)
Fiat 500e^[23]	2016	112 mpg‑e 30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km	121 mpg‑e 27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km	103 mpg‑e 32.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.3 kWh/100 km	(1)
Smart electric drive^[24]	2013/14/15/16	107 mpg‑e 31.5 kWh/100 mi; 19.6 kWh/100 km	122 mpg‑e 27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km	93 mpg‑e 36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km	(1) (7)
Kia Soul EV^[25]	2015/16	105 mpg‑e 32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km	120 mpg‑e 28.1 kWh/100 mi; 17.5 kWh/100 km	92 mpg‑e 36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km	(1)
Ford Focus Electric^[26]	2012/13/14/15/16	105 mpg‑e 32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km	110 mpg‑e 30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km	99 mpg‑e 34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km	(1)
Tesla Model S AWD - 70D^[2]^[27]	2015/16	101 mpg‑e 33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km	101 mpg‑e 33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km	102 mpg‑e 33.0 kWh/100 mi; 20.5 kWh/100 km	(1)
Tesla Model S AWD - 85D^[2]^[28] & 90D^[2]^[27]	2015/16	100 mpg‑e 33.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.9 kWh/100 km	95 mpg‑e 35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km	106 mpg‑e 31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km	(1) (8)
Tesla Model S (60 kW·h)^[2]^[27]	2014/15/16	95 mpg‑e 35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km	94 mpg‑e 35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km	97 mpg‑e 34.7 kWh/100 mi; 21.6 kWh/100 km	(1)
Tesla Model S AWD - P85D^[2]^[28] & P90D^[2]^[27]	2015/16	93 mpg‑e 36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km	89 mpg‑e 37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km	98 mpg‑e 34.4 kWh/100 mi; 21.4 kWh/100 km	(1) (8)
Tesla Model X AWD – 90D^[29]	2016	92 mpg‑e 36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km	90 mpg‑e 37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km	94 mpg‑e 35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km	(1)
Tesla Model X AWD – P90D^[29]	2016	89 mpg‑e 37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km	89 mpg‑e 37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km	90 mpg‑e 37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km	(1)
Tesla Model S (85 kW·h)^[30]	2012/13/14/15	89 mpg‑e 37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km	88 mpg‑e 38.3 kWh/100 mi; 23.8 kWh/100 km	90 mpg‑e 37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km	(1)
Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive^[31]	2014/15/16	84 mpg‑e 40.1 kWh/100 mi; 24.9 kWh/100 km	85 mpg‑e 39.7 kWh/100 mi; 24.6 kWh/100 km	83 mpg‑e 40.6 kWh/100 mi; 25.2 kWh/100 km	(1)
Toyota RAV4 EV^[32]	2012/13/14	76 mpg‑e 44.3 kWh/100 mi; 27.6 kWh/100 km	78 mpg‑e 43.2 kWh/100 mi; 26.9 kWh/100 km	74 mpg‑e 45.5 kWh/100 mi; 28.3 kWh/100 km	(1)
BYD e6^[2]^[33]	2012/13/14/15/16	63 mpg‑e 53.5 kWh/100 mi; 33.2 kWh/100 km	61 mpg‑e 55.3 kWh/100 mi; 34.3 kWh/100 km	65 mpg‑e 51.9 kWh/100 mi; 32.2 kWh/100 km	(1)
Second gen Chevrolet Volt^[2]^[34]^[35] Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) Electricity only	2016	106 mpg‑e 31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km	113 mpg‑e 29.8 kWh/100 mi; 18.5 kWh/100 km	99 mpg‑e 34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km	(1) (2) (9)
Volt, Gasoline only	2016	42 mpg	43 mpg	42 mpg	(1) (2) (9)
Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen)^[6] Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Gasoline-electric hybrid	2016	56 mpg	58 mpg	53 mpg	(2) (10)
Ford Fusion AWD A-S6 2.0L^[2]^[36] Gasoline-powered (Average new vehicle)	2016	25 mpg	22 mpg	31 mpg	(2) (11)
Notes: All estimated fuel economy based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city (1) Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h. (2) The 2014 i3 REx is classified by EPA as a series plug-in hybrid, while for CARB is a range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx). The i3 REx is the most fuel economic EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine with a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e, but its total range is limited to 150 mi (240 km).^[5]^[37] (3) The 2014/16 BMW i3 (60 A·h) ranked as the most fuel economic EPA-certified vehicle of all fuel types considered in all years until MY 2016. It was surpassed by the 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric in November 2016.^[37] (4) The i3 REx has a combined fuel economy in all-electric mode of 117 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi; 18 kW⋅h/100 km).^[38] (5) The 2016 model year Leaf correspond to the variant with the 24 kW·h battery pack. (6) Ratings correspond to both convertible and coupe models. (7) Model with 85 kW·h battery pack (8) Most fuel economic plug-in hybrid capable of long distance travel. The 2016 Volt has a rating of 77 mpg-e for combined gasoline/electricity operation.^[5] (9) Most fuel economic hybrid electric car.^[2]^[5] (10) Other 2016 MY cars achieving 25 mpg_‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg_‑imp) combined city/hwy include the Honda Accord A-S6 3.5L, Toyota Camry A-S6 3.5L and Toyota RAV4 A-S6 2.5L.^[2]^[36]

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ADAC also carried out consumption measurements.^[39]

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Electric car EPA fuel economy

See also

References

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