Campbelltown, New South Wales

Campbelltown is a suburb located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located in Greater Western Sydney 53 kilometres (33 mi) south-west of the Sydney central business district by road. Campbelltown is the administrative seat of the local government area of the City of Campbelltown. It is also acknowledged on the register of the Geographical Names Board of New South Wales as one of only four cities within the Sydney metropolitan area.^[2]

Quick Facts Campbelltown Sydney, New South Wales, Population ...

Campbelltown Sydney, New South Wales
Queen Street in Campbelltown c. 2005
Population	16,577 (SAL 2021)[1]
Established	1820
Postcode(s)	2560
Elevation	76 m (249 ft)
Location	53 km (33 mi) south-west of Sydney CBD 16 km (10 mi) north of Appin 142 km (88 mi) north-east of Goulburn
LGA(s)	Campbelltown
Region	Greater Western Sydney Macarthur
State electorate(s)	Campbelltown
Federal division(s)	Macarthur
Suburbs around Campbelltown: Blair Athol Woodbine Leumeah Mount Annan Campbelltown Ruse Glen Alpine Ambarvale Bradbury

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Campbelltown gets its name from Elizabeth Campbell,^[3] the wife of former Governor of New South Wales Lachlan Macquarie. Originally called Campbell-Town, the name was later simplified to the current Campbelltown.^[4]

The area that later became Campbelltown was inhabited prior to European settlement by the Tharawal people. Not long after the arrival of the First Fleet in Sydney in 1788, a small herd of six cattle escaped and weren't seen again by the British settlers for seven years. They were spotted, however, by the Tharawal people. In a rock art site called Bull Cave near Campbelltown, they drew a number of cattle with pronounced horns. The Tharawal described the cattle to British explorers and in 1795 the British found a herd of around 60 cattle grazing in the area now known as Camden.^[5][6]

The colonial administration was keen for the herd to establish itself so forbade killing of the cattle or settlement in the area. But John Macarthur, who wanted to establish sheep in the colony, took a liking to the prime grazing land. He convinced the British government to overrule the local administration and grant him 5,000 acres (20 km²) just south of the Nepean River in 1805. Four years later a number of other grants were made to farmers between Camden and Liverpool.^[7]

The Tharawal initially worked with the local farmers but a drought in 1814 led to large numbers of neighbouring Gandangara people moving into the area in search of food. Tensions developed between the British and the Gandangara leading to skirmishes and a number of deaths on each side. Governor Macquarie felt a permanent settlement would lead to order in the area and so Campbell-Town was born in 1820.^[8]

Town development

Development of the town was slow particularly after the departure of Macquarie, and it wasn't until 1831 that residents took possession of town land. However, it was during this period that Campbelltown's most famous incident occurred. In 1826, local farmer Frederick Fisher disappeared. According to folklore, his ghost appeared sitting on a fence rail over a creek just south of the town and pointed to a site where his body was later found to be buried. In memory of the incident, the Fisher's Ghost festival is held each November in Campbelltown.^[9]

Campbelltown's population increased steadily in the decades following. The southern rail line was extended to Campbelltown in 1858, leading to further development, and in 1882, Campbelltown Council was established allowing municipal works to occur in earnest. Campbelltown became the first country town in New South Wales to have piped water in 1888 and in the period between the World Wars, a local power station was built to supply electricity to residents.^[4]

After World War II, Campbelltown, having been previously a relatively small rural township, became a focal point for suburban expansion as part of Sydney's broader urban sprawl. The development of infrastructure and the availability of land in Campbelltown attracted families looking for affordable housing. New housing estates increased the significant population growth up until the 1970s.

Campbelltown was designated in the early 1960s as a satellite city by the New South Wales Planning Authority, and a regional capital for the south west of Sydney. There was extensive building and population growth in the intervening time and the government set aside land surrounding the township for public and private housing and industry.^[10]

The old town centre, as laid down by Lachlan Macquarie, is still the main commercial area and includes the Queen Street shopping strip, Campbelltown Mall, Campbelltown railway station and bus interchange, the council chambers and a number of historic buildings. The main residential area is to the south and east of the town centre. On the northwestern side of the railway line is an industrial area.

To the southwest is a second commercial area based around Macarthur railway station which includes the University of Western Sydney and Macarthur Square, a large shopping mall. It features an outdoor entertainment and restaurant precinct known as "Kellicar Lane" which opened after an expansion in November 2005. It features a food court that has large glass windows that look over Kellicar Lane, Campbelltown and the surrounding countryside.

Campbelltown has a number of heritage-listed sites on the New South Wales State Heritage Register, including:

• Broughton Street: St John's Catholic Church, Campbelltown^[12]
• 8 Lithgow Street: Glenalvon House^[13]
• 14 - 20 Queen Street: Warbys Barn and Stables^[14]
• 261 Queen Street: Campbelltown Post Office^[15]
• 263 Queen Street: Commercial Banking Company of Sydney, Campbelltown Branch (former)^[16]
• 284 - 298 Queen Street: Queen Street Buildings^[17]
• 303 Queen Street: Dredges Cottage^[18]

The following additional buildings in central Campbelltown are listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate.^[19]

• St Peter's Church of England, Cordeaux Street
• Richmond Villa, 12 Lithgow Street
• Town Hall, 315 Queen Street
• Campbelltown Court House, Queen Street
• Campbelltown Police Station, Railway Street
• Graves of Matthew Healey, James Ruse, Cemetery, George and Broughton Streets

Campbelltown lies on the main road and rail links from Sydney to the south-west. The Hume Motorway links Campbelltown north to Liverpool, Sydney Airport and Sydney CBD and south to Melbourne. The B69 connects Wollongong CBD and Appin

Campbelltown railway station and Macarthur railway station are on the Sydney-Melbourne railway line. Campbelltown is also the northern terminus of most Southern Highlands Line intercity services.

Campbelltown is also well serviced by buses. Transit Systems provides a number of services from Campbelltown Station to virtually all the surrounding suburbs of Campbelltown as well as to Camden, and as far north as Liverpool via Glenfield. Picton Buslines provides a service from Campbelltown to Picton via Camden.^[20][21][22] There is also a bus service that connects Wollongong to Campbeltown.

Campbelltown Hospital is part of the South Western Sydney Local Health District and is located on the southern edge of the suburb near Ambarvale. Campbelltown Private Hospital is located nearby and with the Centric building^[23] constitute a close-knit, combined public-private-consulting rooms complex within a convenient radius at Park Central.

Campbelltown Hospital is a major metropolitan hospital. Its emergency department is one of the busiest in Sydney, equipped with 32 beds and will expand further with the redevelopment of the hospital.^[24] The hospital has a wide range of surgical specialties, including general surgery (and its subspecialties of Breast & Endocrine surgery and Colorectal Surgery), orthopaedic surgery, ENT surgery, ophthalmology (i.e., eye surgery), etc. Breast cancers, thyroid and parathyroid diseases, as well as colonic and rectal cancers are particularly well served by the hospital, with its surgeons managing high volumes of these diseases at both Campbelltown public and private hospitals.^[25] The Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre is a dedicated facility providing radiotherapy, chemotherapy and multidisciplinary cancer care to the local residents^[26]

Bed capacity is currently at 340 during peak times, with a planned addition of 90 beds with the current redevelopment (stage 1), bringing it up to 430 beds by the end of 2015. The new hospital block with an additional 90 beds is nearing completion with planning of the next major stage of redevelopment already underway (stage 2). It has a well-equipped intensive care (ICU) and high dependency unit (HDU) with the ability to support ventilated and critically ill patients. The hospital is well supported by a radiology department with services including ultrasounds, CT scans as well as a state-of-the-art MRI scanner^[27]

The Western Sydney University (old name University of Western Sydney) has a Campbelltown Campus, located on Narellan Road. It was established from 1983 as the second campus of the Macarthur Institute of Higher Education, which merged into WSU in 1989. A TAFE NSW campus operates just opposite the Campbelltown campus of WSU.

There are a number of local schools, including:

• Campbelltown Performing Arts High School
• Broughton Anglican College
• Campbelltown Public School
• Campbelltown East Public School
• Campbelltown North Public School
• St Patricks College Campbelltown
• John Therry Catholic High School
• St John the Evangelist Catholic Primary
• St Peter's Anglican Primary
• Robert Townson High School
• Mount Carmel Catholic College
• Robert Townson Public School
• Kearns Public School
• Blairmount Public School
• Claymore Public School
• Eaglevale High School
• Leumeah Public School
• Leumeah High School
• Rosemeadow Public School
• Ambarvale High School
• Sarah Redfern High School
• Sarah Redfern Public School
• Minto Public School
• The Grange Public School
• Campbellfield Public School
• Al Faisal College
• St. Peter's Anglican Primary School (Campbelltown)
• Airds High School
• Woodland Road Public School

In the surrounding suburbs are a number of other schools associated with Campbelltown such as Broughton Anglican College, Mount Carmel High School (Varroville), Thomas Reddall High School (Ambarvale), Ambarvale High School (Rosemeadow), Menangle Park, and St Gregory's College, Campbelltown which is located in its own suburb, Gregory Hills.

The residential area has a combination of public and privately owned housing. Public housing estates are scattered across the region and the neighbouring areas.

According to the 2021 census, there were 16,577 people in the suburb of Campbelltown,^[28] and 176,519 residents in the Campbelltown Local Government Area.^[29]

In the suburb of Campbelltown,

• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 4.5% of the population.
• 58.0% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were India 3.5%, the Philippines 3.3%, New Zealand 2.9%, England 2.5% and Bangladesh 1.9%.
• 60.3% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Arabic 3.4%, Bengali 2.4%, Nepali 1.8%, Urdu 1.7% and Tagalog 1.7%.
• The most common responses for religion were No Religion 24.3%, Catholic 22.2%, Anglican 10.9% and Islam 9.7%, a further 8.5% of respondents elected not to disclose their religion.^[28]