Australian Republic Movement

Foundation

The ARM was founded on 7 July 1991 and was originally known as the Australian Republican Movement.^[2] Its first chairman was novelist Thomas Keneally, with other founding members including lawyer Malcolm Turnbull (later Prime Minister), former Australian cricket captain Ian Chappell, film director Fred Schepisi, and author, journalist, and radio and television presenter Peter FitzSimons.

Following FitzSimons' retirement as chair, Australian retired Socceroo and human rights advocate Craig Foster and former Olympian and politician Nova Peris were elected co-chairs.^[3] In May 2024, co-chairs Peris and Foster both resigned because of their differing responses to the war in Gaza.^[4][5] Arts and cultural leader Esther Anatolitis and management consultant Nathan Hansford were subsequently elected co-chairs.^[6]

1999 referendum

The Australian republic referendum, held on 6 November 1999, was a two-question referendum to amend the Constitution of Australia. For some years opinion polls had suggested that a majority of the electorate favoured a republic.^[7] Nonetheless, the 1999 referendum was defeated due to a range of factors, including a lack of bi-partisanship and division among republicans on the method proposed for selection of the president.^[8]

Australian Choice Model

The ARM announced their proposed model for a republic on 13 January 2022, the Australian Choice Model.^[9] The model would entail a process where the State and Territory Parliaments each nominate one candidate to be the head of state, and the Federal Parliament nominates up to three candidates. The list of these candidates would then be put to a vote where the public would elect their preferred candidate and would serve for a five-year term.^[10] A majority of ARM members voted to support the policy, however the policy announcement raised concerns and criticisms from the Australian Monarchist League,^[11] as well as other republicans, including former prime minister Paul Keating^[12] and former New South Wales Premier Bob Carr.^[13] Critics such as Carr claim that a head of state who is elected by the public could cause conflict with a prime minister and Parliament. Then-ARM Chair Peter FitzSimons dismissed these criticisms, claiming that a head of state's powers would be limited and would be unable to dismiss a prime minister.^[12]