In The Mineral and the Visual, art historian Brigitte Buettner examines the social roles, cultural meanings, and active agency of precious stones in secular medieval art. Exploring the layered roles played by gems in aesthetic, ideological, intellectual, and economic practices, Buettner focuses on three significant categories of art: the jeweled crown, the pictorialized lapidary, and the illustrated travel account. The global gem trade brought coveted jewels from the Indies to goldsmiths’ workshops in Paris, fashionable bodies in London, and the crowns of kings across Europe, and Buettner shows that Europe’s literal and metaphorical enrichment was predicated on the importation of gems and ideas from Byzantium, the Islamic world, Persia, and India.

Original, transhistorical, and cross-disciplinary, The Mineral and the Visual engages important methodological questions about the work of culture in its material dimension. It will be especially useful to scholars and students interested in medieval art history, material culture, and medieval history.

“Brigitte Buettner’s groundbreaking study marshals gem-encrusted jewels, lapidary knowledge, and medieval travelers’ accounts to forge a multifaceted understanding of the power of precious stones in medieval art and culture. Richly illustrated with uncommon images, The Mineral and the Visual is exciting and compelling, illuminating the intersection of geologic and artistic worlds, and the social meanings of precious stones, acquired from near and far, in the European Middle Ages.”—Mariah Proctor-Tiffany, caa.reviews

“The way the author combines stones with ideas . . . and the economics behind them over a longer period of time is innovative, and based on a richness in sources that is as dazzling as the medieval artworks discussed themselves.”—Sigrid van Roode, Bedouin Silver

“The author’s profound expertise and fresh methodological approach offer an important stimulus to further discussions and will doubtlessly inspire future research on the material world of the Middle Ages.”—Melanie N. Reiter, Sehepunkte

“The Mineral and the Visual meticulously reinstates the marvelousness of medieval gemstones, rendering them potent, pulsing, and alive, and authoritatively sets the terms for future scholarship.”—Joseph Salvatore Ackley, Speculum

“Buettner opens up perspectives for future research that go far beyond a secular interpretative horizon of pure materiality and natural knowledge—an excellent complement to Gemma spiritalis.”—Gia Toussaint, 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual

“The book’s breadth of contents constitutes a strength: I learned a lot from reading it, for which it deserves high praise.”—Marian Bleeke, Art Bulletin

“There can be no doubt that Buettner’s book will be a welcome addition for anyone working on materiality, opulent objects, precious stones, and the visualization of sovereign and elite power. Her work takes us happily far beyond the monastic lapidary and its troublesome magical stones to help us see the ubiquity and power of visualizing precious matter and its cultural work in the medieval world.”—Anne E. Lester, Studies in Iconography

“[Buettner’s] love of the subject shines through this rich text like one of the jewels about which she writes so eloquently.”—Marcia Pointon, Art History

“Reading The Mineral and the Visual made me feel like a student again, filled with curiosity and excitement. This book is rich, interesting, complex, refreshing.”—Elina Gertsman, author of The Absent Image: Lacunae in Medieval Books

“The Mineral and the Visual offers readers a rich and compelling journey through the world of medieval minerals. Of interest to specialists and nonspecialists alike, it advances theoretical and methodological discussions of materials and materiality and expands our ideas about stones, gems, and the natural world. Weaving together a vast array of sources, both textual and visual, Buettner’s study presents a new understanding of the field of discourse in which these fascinating objects operated.”—Heidi Gearhart, author of Theophilus and the Theory and Practice of Medieval Art

“Buettner weaves together scintillating description, meticulous scholarship, and current theory to create an unrivaled picture of her subject. She makes the case that gems are the apex of materials: substances that are active, global, exotic (and paradisaical), kingly, and in all ways powerful.”—Cynthia Hahn, author of Strange Beauty: Issues in the Making and Meaning of Reliquaries, 400-circa 1204

Brigitte Buettner is Louise I. Doyle ’34 Professor of Art at Smith College. She is the author of Boccaccio’s “Des cleres et nobles femmes”: Systems of Signification in an Illuminated Manuscript.

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgements

Part I: Jeweled Crowns, Mineralized Kingship

1. The Politics of Precious Stones

2. Inventing Mineral Sovereignty

3. Gothic Regal Materiality

Part II: Lapidary Knowledge in Word and Image

4. A Royal Pursuit

5. Optical Mineralogy and Lithic Magic

6. Of Stones, Sigils, and Stars

Part III: Geographies of Mineral Marvels, Economies of Mineral Assets

7. Edenic Geology and Surplus

8. Mineral Realism in the Global Thirteenth Century

9. Networks of Gem Trade

Epilogue

Notes

Selected Bibliography

Index

Download a PDF sample chapter here: Introduction

Art History & Architecture

           European

           Medieval

History

           European

           Medieval

Medieval and Early Modern Studies

           Medieval Art and Architecture

           Magic and Esotericism