Bot contracts
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Types of Contracts used for infrastructure projects predominantly in the Indian context involving client/contractor/financier arrangements.
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unit , Logistic unit , Process unit with allied Infra of Electrical utilities, Services like Fire fighting, Sewage
line, Storm water arrangement and Road etc have been considered for this research work.
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Contracts and-tendersArchistudent Portal Contracts and Tenders
When two or more persons have common intention communicated to each other to create same obligation between them there is said to be an agreement. An agreement which is enforceable by law is a Contract.
A Tenders is called upon for executing certain specified work, or supplying specified materials; subjected to certain terms and conditions like rates, time limit, etc. It is an offer in written form: Legally speaking, it is an offer to receive an offer for the work, within the specified financial limits.
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PPP models.pptx
PPP models.pptxSwatiMathur27 The document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure projects. It defines PPPs and notes that they involve long-term contractual agreements where private partners finance, build, and operate infrastructure traditionally provided by the public sector. Common PPP models include build-operate-transfer agreements where the private partner builds and operates a facility that is later transferred back to the public sector. PPPs aim to attract private financing while allocating risks to the public or private sector best able to manage them.
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- An introduction to project management, defining projects, key attributes like determining objectives, managing budgets/resources, reporting progress, and evaluating efficiency.
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- Sections on successful project management attributes and features of projects.
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Estate & Infrastructure. Real Estate Sector is segmented in Residential, Industrial, Corporate, and
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Power. To manage such kind of unique projects requires an expertise with organizations and a thorough
body of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to provide the analysis or breakdown of Role of Project
Management Consultancy and study the Problems faced by PMC for implementing the project. Project
Management Consultancy plays multifaceted part in such projects and provides the services from inception
to completion of projects. At every stage of project life cycle, the principles of pro-activeness and creating
the win-win situation is necessary keeping in mind the customer / client’s requirements. Use of Project
Management Consultancy (PMC) offers one of the effective management solution to increase and improve the
efficiency and outcome of a project in construction. A case study of construction of a Mega Industrial Project
which is dealt by PMC and Project consist of various type of buildings for Manufacturing unit, Assembling
unit , Logistic unit , Process unit with allied Infra of Electrical utilities, Services like Fire fighting, Sewage
line, Storm water arrangement and Road etc have been considered for this research work.
Contract payment and variation
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Tender evaluation procedure
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Bot contracts
- 2. Most common variants: • BT: Build-Transfer • BLT: Build-Lease-Transfer • BOT: Build-Operate-Transfer • BOO: Build-Own-Operate • BOOT: Build-Own-Operate-Transfer • BTO: Build-Transfer-Operate • CAO: Contract-Add-Operate • DOT: Develop-Operate-Transfer • ROT: Rehabilitate-Operate-Transfer • ROO: Rehabilitate-Own-Operate 2
- 3. BT: Build -Transfer • A Contractual Agreement • Contractor undertakes financing and construction of a facility. • After completion hands it over to the Government. • Government reimburses the total project investment on the basis of an agreed schedule. • May be employed for all types of projects including critical facilities which for security or strategic reasons must be operated directly by the government. 3
- 4. BLT: Build-Lease-Transfer • A Contractual Agreement • Contractor undertakes to finance and construct. • On completion hands it over to the Govt. on a Lease arrangement for a fixed period. • After completion of the fixed period, ownership of the facility is automatically transferred to the government. 4
- 5. BOT: Build-Operate-Transfer • A contractual agreement • Developer undertakes construction (including financing) and operation and maintenance thereof. • Developer operates the facility over a fixed term. • Allowed to charge the facility users appropriate tolls, fees, rental to enable recovery of his investment. • User charges should not exceed amount proposed in the bid or as negotiated. 5
- 6. BOT: Build-Operate-Transfer …contd. • Developer transfers the facility to the government at the end of the fixed term. • These types of projects shall include a supply-and-operate situation: - The supplier of equipment and machinery for a given infrastructure facility –if the interest of the government so requires- operates the facility and in the process provides technology transfer and training to the government nominated individuals. 6
- 7. BOO: Build-Own-Operate • A contractual agreement • Developer undertakes construction (including financing) and operation and maintenance thereof. • Allowed to recover his total investment by collecting user levies from facility users. • Developer who owns the assets of the facility can choose to assign its operation and maintenance to a facility operator. • No transfer to the government is envisaged but the government may terminate its obligations after specified time period. 7
- 8. BOOT: Build-Own-Operate-Transfer • Similar to BOO but liable to transfer the project to the government after expiry of the specified period of operation. • Difference between BOT and BOOT is about ownership. 8
- 9. BTO: Build-Transfer-Operate • A contractual agreement. • The government contracts out an infrastructure facility to a developer • To construct the facility on a turn-key basis assuming all cost overruns, delays and specified performance risks. • Once the facility is commissioned satisfactorily the developer is given the right to collect the user fee under a concession agreement. • The title of the facilities always vests with the government. 9
- 10. CAO: Contract-Add-Operate • A contractual agreement • Developer adds to an existing facility which it rents from the government and operates the expanded project. • Collects user levies to recover the investment over an agreed period. • There may or may not be a transfer arrangement with regard to the added facility provided by the developer. 10
- 11. DOT: Develop-Operate-Transfer • A contractual agreement • Favorable conditions external to a new project which is to be built by a developer are integrated in the BOT arrangement by giving that entity the right to develop adjoining property and thus enjoy some of the benefits the investment creates such as higher property or rent values. 11
- 12. ROT: Rehabilitate-Operate-Transfer • A contractual agreement • Existing facility is handed over to the private sector to refurbish, operate (collect user levies to recover the investment). • At the end of the term the facility is transferred back to the government. • Also for purchase of an existing facility from abroad, importing, refurbishing, erecting and consuming it within the host country. 12
- 13. ROO: Rehabilitate-Own-Operate • A contractual agreement • An existing facility is handed over to the operator to refurbish and operate with no time limitation imposed on ownership. • As long as the operator is not in violation of its franchise, it can continue to operate the facility and collect user levies in perpetuity. 13