Language and Writing

Language and Writing

Koine

Greek Writing Systems • Cuneiform 3400 B.C. • Hieroglyphics 3000 B.C. • Linear A 2000-1200 B.C • Linear B c.1200-1000 B.C.(Mycenaean Greek) • Phoenician c.1200 B.C. (abjad) • Greek c.750 B.C. • Roman c.500 B.C. • Russian c.1000 A.D.

Linear B = Mycenaean Greek

Canopus Stone Decree of Ptolemy III 239 B.C, Rosetta Stone decree of Ptolemy V in 196 B.C.discovered 1799 Deciphered by Young and Champollion 1822

: Left to Right: Old Phoenician, Archaic, East Greek, West Greek, Classical, Mdern

Local (epichoric) Alphabets The red areas use Φ for [pʰ], Χ for [ks] and Ψ for [kʰ] The blue areas have Φ for [pʰ] and Χ for [kʰ].A dark blue subgroup (Corinth and Rhodos) also having Ψ for [ps].

Greek Numbers Aphabetic Acrophonic

What did they write on? • Clay tablets (Linear B) • Wooden tablets • Papyrus • Parchment • Stone (inscription) • Pottery • Metal • Seals Hellenistic Greece. 1st Century BC.Forepart of a horse rt.

Codex Sinaiticus, written in the 4th century on parchment MagisculeUncial The manuscript here reproduced was written in the year 1022, and is now in the Ambrosian Library at Milan. It contains the Gospels only, and its official designation in the list of New Testament MSS. is Evan.348. MinisculeCursive

Libraries PERGAMON ATHENS EPHESUS ALEXANDRIA

Boustrophedon Gortyn Law code 5th cent.

Stoikehedon DelfoiEdokanChioisPropmaneiin

Dedicatory InscriptionAlexander to Athena 334 B.C. (Priene)

Boundary Stone From the Sacred Way leading from Athens to Eleusis c.520 B.C. “Boundary of the Road of Eleusis”

Coins

Black-figure kylix National Archaeological Museum, Athens

Sophilosmegraphsen 590-580 B.C.

Kleitiasegraphsen Ergotimosepoiesen

Francois Vase volute krater 570BC. Made by ErgotimosPainted by Kleitias

Kalos Inscriptions KLEOMElOS KALOS

Strigil Of (or by) Apollodorus

Language and Writing