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The Kano Model

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Key:

KANO
QUALITY TOOL OF THE MONTH 1 MUST BE: These are the basic features
the customer expects. For example, brakes
that work on a new car. The presence of this
feature does not add to the satisfaction level,
because it is expected. However, the absence
of it would cause dissatisfaction.
WHAT IS IT?
The Kano Model is an analysis tool

MODEL
2 PERFORMANCE: These features are likely which helps predict customers’
to increase a customer’s experience. For
example, the more miles per gallon a driver
satisfaction with product and
gets, the more satisfied that driver will be. service features. The basic
premise is that customers’
3 INDIFFERENT: These are the features
whose presence (or absence) does not make
satisfaction with a product’s
a real difference in a customer’s reaction to features depends on the level
the product. For example, which type of of functionality that is provided.
transmission fluid a car uses.
The original model (see left)
4 ATTRACTIVE: These are the unexpected mapped these features across
features that are likely to cause a positive four categories, which indicate
VERY SATISFIED reaction. For example, some new cars have
increased connectivity allowing them to be
how customers perceive a specific
««««« remotely started with a specified interior feature and how it relates to
temperature. The absence of such a feature customer satisfaction.
does not create dissatisfaction, because the

WHEN AND HOW


customer did not expect it as standard.
SATISFACTION

CAN I USE IT?


Understanding the impact that
different features will have on
customer satisfaction is very
important when managing the
4 development of a product and
service. The Kano Model aides this
FUNCTIONALITY process as it provides a structured

✗ 3 ✓ approach for identifying, selecting


and prioritising the right features.

1
DISSATISFIED
STEPS
«

The development and analysis of a Kano Model is a three-step process:


CASE STUDY
1 DETERMINE
SCOPE
Study only those features
2 SURVEY
CUSTOMERS
This is the primary input
3 ANALYSE
FEEDBACK
Tabulate and process The iPhone has had its
which will result in to the Kano Model. Survey results to categorise problems. In 2007, Apple chose
meaningful benefit to questions should be concise features and assess how AT&T as its sole service
the customer. Consider and demonstrate features, important they are to provider. Their service
the number and type of where possible. each customer group.
experienced a period of dropped
customer (user) groups who
calls and poor reception and,
will participate in the study.
at that time, it was unable to
deliver a basic Kano ‘must be’
feature that customers expected

DID YOU KNOW? from a phone to complete their


calls. However, not only did
customers put up with this flaw,
Originally published in 1984 by Japanese researcher Noriaki
they often praised the iPhone
Kano the model has continued to evolve. Some versions map the because the delight factor
features across just two categories; others map them across five. made up for this.
DESIGN: JO DOVEY. WORDS: IAN MCCABE

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