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Proteomic signatures of healthy dietary patterns are associated with lower risks of major chronic diseases and mortality

Nature Food (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Healthy dietary patterns have been linked to a decreased risk of chronic diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether proteomic signatures can reflect proteome response to healthy diet patterns, and whether these proteomic signatures are associated with health outcomes. Using data from the UK Biobank including Olink plasma proteins, we identified substantial proteomic variation in relation to adherence to eight healthy dietary patterns. The proteomic signatures, reflecting adherence and proteome response to healthy dietary patterns, were prospectively associated with lower risks of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, chronic kidney diseases and cancers, along with longer life expectancy, even after adjusting for corresponding dietary patterns. These findings suggest proteomic signatures have the potential to complement traditional dietary assessments and deepen our understanding of the relationships between dietary patterns and chronic diseases.

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Fig. 1: Bar plots of enriched KEGG pathways for proteins that significantly associated with energy-adjusted dietary patterns.
Fig. 2: Associations of energy-adjusted dietary patterns and their corresponding proteomic signatures with risks of major chronic diseases and mortality.
Fig. 3: Estimated years of life gained in the highest versus lowest tenth percentiles of dietary patterns and proteomic signatures.
Fig. 4: The estimated proportion of mediation for the top-ten-ranked proteins on the associations of energy-adjusted dietary patterns with diabetes.
Fig. 5: The estimated proportion of mediation for the top-ten-ranked proteins on the associations of energy-adjusted dietary patterns with cardiovascular diseases.
Fig. 6: The estimated proportion of mediation for the top-ten-ranked proteins on the associations of energy-adjusted dietary patterns with chronic respiratory diseases.
Fig. 7: The estimated proportion of mediation for the top-ten-ranked proteins on the associations of energy-adjusted dietary patterns with chronic kidney diseases.
Fig. 8: The estimated proportion of mediation for the top-ten-ranked proteins on the associations of energy-adjusted dietary patterns with all-cause mortality.

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Data availability

UK Biobank data are available to all researchers for health-related research and public interest through registration on the UK Biobank (www.ukbiobank.ac.uk). In addition, the UK Nutrient Databank food composition tables are openly accessible at www.gov.uk/government/publications/composition-of-foods-integrated-dataset-cofid.

Code availability

The analytic code used in this study will be made available upon request.

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Acknowledgements

This research was performed using the UK Biobank resource. We thank the participants of the UK Biobank. A.P. was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82325043 and 81930124) and the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC3606305). G.L. was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273623 and 82073554) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2021GCRC076). The funders had no role in the study design or implementation; data collection, management, analysis or interpretation; manuscript preparation, review or approval; the decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Kai Zhu, Rui Li.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

    Kai Zhu, Rui Li, Hancheng Yu & Gang Liu

  2. Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Pang Yao

  3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

    An Pan

  4. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    JoAnn E. Manson, Eric B. Rimm & Walter C. Willett

  5. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    JoAnn E. Manson, Eric B. Rimm & Walter C. Willett

  6. Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    JoAnn E. Manson

  7. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Eric B. Rimm & Walter C. Willett

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Contributions

K.Z., R.L. and G.L. planned and designed the study. K.Z. and R.L. accessed and verified the data, did the statistical analysis and drafted the article. K.Z., R.L. and H.Y. checked the accuracy of the statistical analysis. G.L., Y.P., J.E.M., E.B.R., W.C.W. and A.P. contributed to reviewing and editing. All authors participated in the interpretation of the results and critical revision of the article. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and accept responsibility to submit for publication. G.L. was the guarantor of this work and, as such, had final responsibility for the integrity of the data, the accuracy of the data analysis and the decision to submit for publication.

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Correspondence to Gang Liu.

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Zhu, K., Li, R., Yao, P. et al. Proteomic signatures of healthy dietary patterns are associated with lower risks of major chronic diseases and mortality. Nat Food (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01059-x

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