Search Results (4)

One way to increase the understanding of texts by machines is through adding semantic information to lexical items by including metadata tags, a process also called semantic annotation. There are several semantic aspects that can be added to the words, among them the information about the nature of the concept denoted through the association with a category of an ontology. The application of ontologies in the annotation task can span multiple domains. However, this particular research focused its approach on top-level ontologies due to its generalizing characteristic. Considering that annotation is an arduous task that demands time and specialized personnel to perform it, much is done on ways to implement the semantic annotation automatically. The use of machine learning techniques are the most effective approaches in the annotation process. Another factor of great importance for the success of the training process of the supervised learning algorithms is the use of a sufficiently large corpus and able to condense the linguistic variance of the natural language. In this sense, this article aims to present an automatic approach to enrich documents from the American English corpus through a CRF model for semantic annotation of ontologies from Schema.org top-level. The research uses two approaches of the model obtaining promising results for the development of semantic annotation based on top-level ontologies. Although it is a new line of research, the use of top-level ontologies for automatic semantic enrichment of texts can contribute significantly to the improvement of text interpretation by machines. Full article

This paper analyses the potential enhancement of e-commerce websites with Semantic web technologies from the consumers’ informational perceived satisfaction point of view. Information quality is a central preoccupation in the field of business information systems’ discipline and it relates to the semantic interoperability field of research. The purpose of our study is to investigate the relationship between the enhancement of product text descriptions with semantic annotations and the perceived consumers’ satisfaction. We conducted and analyzed a survey questionnaire addressed to e-commerce consumers who bought online products. We found that consumers are interested in finding products with synonym names or that belong to different categories, not necessarily from the same category of products. In addition, consumers are interested about additional text descriptions on different product characteristics and on information about the importance of product characteristics. The main conclusion is that the perceived satisfaction of the online consumers is influenced by an enhanced user experience that relates to specific Semantic web technologies. Full article

With the increasing use of geographical information and technology in a variety of knowledge domains and disciplines, the need to discover and access suitable geospatial data is imperative. Most spatial data infrastructures (SDI) provide geoportals as entry points to the SDI through which geospatial data are disseminated and shared. Geoportals are often known in geoinformation communities only, and they present technological challenges for indexing by web search engines. To overcome these challenges, we identified and categorized search terms typically employed by users when looking for geospatial resources on the Web. Guided by these terms, we published metadata about geospatial sources “directly” on the Web and performed empirical tests with search engine optimization (SEO) techniques. Two sets of HTML pages were prepared and registered with Google and Bing respectively. The metadata in one set was marked up with Dublin Core, the other with Schema.org. Analysis of the results shows that Google was more effective than Bing in retrieving the pages. Pages marked up with Schema.org were more effectively retrieved than those marked up with Dublin Core. The statistical results were significant in most of the tests performed. This research confirms that pages marked up with Schema.org and Dublin Core are a novel alternative for improving the visibility and facilitating the discovery of geospatial resources on the Web. Full article

This article examines how one data hub is working to become a relevant and useful source in the Web of big data and cloud computing. The focus is on OCLC’s WorldCat database of global library holdings and includes work by other library organizations to expose their data using big data concepts and standards. Explanation is given of how OCLC has begun work on the knowledge graph for this data and its active involvement with Schema.org in working to make this data useful throughout the Web. Full article