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33 pages, 3126 KiB  
Article
Heritage-Inspired Strategies in Interior Design: Balancing Critical Regionalism and Reflexive Modernism for Identity Preservation
by Wael Rashdan and Ayman Fathy Ashour
Heritage 2024, 7(12), 6825-6857; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7120316 (registering DOI) - 4 Dec 2024
Abstract
Globalization’s impact on design has raised concerns about the erosion of local cultural identities, particularly in interior design. This study examines the preservation of cultural identity in interior design amidst the homogenizing forces of globalization, emphasizing heritage-inspired critical regionalism and reflexive modernism. A [...] Read more.
Globalization’s impact on design has raised concerns about the erosion of local cultural identities, particularly in interior design. This study examines the preservation of cultural identity in interior design amidst the homogenizing forces of globalization, emphasizing heritage-inspired critical regionalism and reflexive modernism. A literature review addresses the interconnected themes of globalization, design identity, reflexive modernism, and critical regionalism forming the theoretical foundation of this research. Through a qualitative systematic review, three core strategies are identified as essential for preserving local identity: Historical Revival, Eclectic Historicism, and Free Historicism. These strategies offer innovative approaches to integrating heritage elements within contemporary interiors, balancing cultural preservation with modern functionality. Selected case studies illustrate the successful application of these strategies in interior projects, underscoring their significance in maintaining cultural identity and advancing material heritage research. This study contributes to the state of research by synthesizing and contextualizing these strategies within the discourse on interior design, providing actionable insights for professionals navigating global trends. Full article
33 pages, 14317 KiB  
Review
Fruit Extracts Incorporated into Meat Products as Natural Antioxidants, Preservatives, and Colorants
by Adrian Cristian Orădan, Alexandra Cristina Tocai (Moțoc), Cristina Adriana Rosan and Simona Ioana Vicas
Processes 2024, 12(12), 2756; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122756 - 4 Dec 2024
Abstract
Nowadays, natural antioxidants, especially those found in fruits, are preferred over synthetic ones when used in a variety of meat products. Natural alternatives are preferred by consumers because synthetic additives in meat products have been connected to allergic reactions and other health-related problems. [...] Read more.
Nowadays, natural antioxidants, especially those found in fruits, are preferred over synthetic ones when used in a variety of meat products. Natural alternatives are preferred by consumers because synthetic additives in meat products have been connected to allergic reactions and other health-related problems. Fruits are abundant in phenolic compounds, providing them with particularly powerful antioxidants. Lipid oxidation is inhibited, allowing meat products to have an extended shelf life when enriched with fruit-derived components. The present study explores the potential of bioactive compounds derived from fruits, specifically phenolics, to improve the quality of meat products by virtue of their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and color-stabilizing qualities. In this review, the effects of 18 fruits on oxidative stability, antimicrobial activity, and color enhancement in meat products were investigated. The first section of this paper focuses on a presentation of the phytochemical composition and overall biological characteristics of the fruits. The thiobarbituric acid test, the peroxide value, and oxidative protein changes were used to assess oxidative stability. By scavenging free radicals or chelating metals, the phenolic compounds not only prevent lipid peroxidation but also protect myoglobin from oxidation, thereby improving the color of meat substitutes. Phenolic compounds provide antimicrobial actions by compromising bacterial cell walls, disrupting membrane integrity, or inhibiting essential enzymes necessary for microbial growth. Fruit extracts have shown effectiveness against foodborne pathogens and spoiling bacteria. Adding fruits to meat products is a promising way to improve their nutritional profile, sustainability, and quality. In order to guarantee consumer safety, future studies must concentrate on thorough toxicological analyses of fruit extracts meant to be used in food. Full article
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<p>PRISMA 2020 flow diagram of the present review.</p>
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<p>The map of the most frequently occurring keywords.</p>
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<p>The lipid and protein oxidation in meat. Antioxidants can prevent oxidation by acting at the location indicated by the red arrows. DMb (Fe<sup>2+</sup>)—deoxymyoglobin; CoMb (Fe<sup>2+</sup>)—carboxymyoglobin; OMb(Fe<sup>2+</sup>)—oxymyoglobin; MMb(Fe<sup>3+</sup>)—metmyoglobin; ROS—reactive oxygen species; <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> —singlet oxygen; gray star—activation of oxygen by temperature/light/metals; yellow star (Fe<sup>2+</sup>)—catalyst for the decomposition of hydroperoxide; yellow star—sensitizer as myoglobin or hemoglobin and light.</p>
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23 pages, 4736 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Bibliometric Review of Fiscal Redistribution Policies Addressing Poverty Vulnerability
by Yali Li, Ronald Marquez, Qianlin Ye and Luhua Xie
Sustainability 2024, 16(23), 10618; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310618 - 4 Dec 2024
Viewed by 184
Abstract
The elimination of poverty in all its forms is the first global goal of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Achieving this goal is recognized as a long-term process that is complicated by persistent vulnerabilities stemming from factors such as natural [...] Read more.
The elimination of poverty in all its forms is the first global goal of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Achieving this goal is recognized as a long-term process that is complicated by persistent vulnerabilities stemming from factors such as natural disasters, food insecurity, health challenges, educational disparities, and social inequality. This systematic bibliometric review provides a comprehensive survey of the impact of social protection-based policies in mitigating poverty vulnerability, focusing on selected countries and regions, including America, Europe, Oceania, and part of Asia and Africa. Our analysis reveals that 81% of the studies examine poverty vulnerability from a single dimension, predominantly focusing on food security and nutrition (23%), climate change shocks (18%), and health-related vulnerabilities (14%). The geographic distribution indicates that the United Kingdom and the United States lead research in this field, contributing 36 and 32 papers, respectively, followed by China (16 papers), South Africa (15 papers), and Canada (10 papers). The results indicate that these fiscal redistribution policies significantly contribute to reducing poverty and inequality and have positive impacts on other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). However, notable gaps remain, especially regarding the integration of these policies with environmental sustainability goals like SDG 13 (Climate Action), which are addressed in only a minority of studies. This study concludes by recommending the adoption of more holistic and integrated policy frameworks that bridge the gap between social protection and environmental sustainability, thereby advancing the entire 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Full article
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<p>Steps used for the systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol.</p>
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<p>Distributions of the 118 selected papers in terms of (<b>a</b>) the number of publications per year, (<b>b</b>) publication types, (<b>c</b>) index types, and (<b>d</b>) scales.</p>
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<p>The number of national- and local-scale studies and their distribution.</p>
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<p>Distribution of temporal clusters of collected literature between 2006 and 2024.</p>
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<p>Distribution of SDGs addressed in the collected literature.</p>
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30 pages, 1746 KiB  
Article
Food Financialization: Impact of Derivatives and Index Funds on Agri-Food Market Volatility
by María del Rosario Venegas, Jorge Feregrino, Nelson Lay and Juan Felipe Espinosa-Cristia
Int. J. Financial Stud. 2024, 12(4), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs12040121 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 326
Abstract
This study explores the financialization of agricultural commodities, focusing on how financial derivatives and index funds impact the volatility of agro-food markets. Using a Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) GARCH model, we analyze volatility spillovers among key agricultural commodities, particularly maize, and related financial [...] Read more.
This study explores the financialization of agricultural commodities, focusing on how financial derivatives and index funds impact the volatility of agro-food markets. Using a Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) GARCH model, we analyze volatility spillovers among key agricultural commodities, particularly maize, and related financial assets over a sample period from 2007 to 2020. Our analysis includes major financial assets like Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), the S&P 500 index, and agribusiness corporations such as ADM and Bunge and the largest corn flour producer, GRUMA. The results indicate that financial speculation, especially via passive investments such as ETFs, has intensified price volatility in commodity futures, leading to a systemic risk increase within the sector. This study provides empirical evidence of increased market integration between the agro-food sector and financial markets, underscoring risks to food security and economic stability. We conclude with recommendations for regulatory actions to mitigate systemic risks posed by the growing financial influence in agricultural markets. Full article
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<p>Latent speculation process in the raw materials market. Source: own elaboration.</p>
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<p>Integration of the financial market with agro-industrial companies and ETFs. Source: Own elaboration. Conditional correlations between the S&amp;P 500 and agribusiness companies between 2007 and 2020.</p>
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<p>Dynamic conditional correlations for corn, in the period 2007 to 2020. Source: Own elaboration.</p>
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23 pages, 2817 KiB  
Review
Natural Solutions to Antimicrobial Resistance: The Role of Essential Oils in Poultry Meat Preservation with Focus on Gram-Negative Bacteria
by Zorana Kovačević, Ivana Čabarkapa, Ljubiša Šarić, Marko Pajić, Dragana Tomanić, Bojana Kokić and Dragana D. Božić
Foods 2024, 13(23), 3905; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233905 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 419
Abstract
The increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health problem with implications on human and veterinary medicine, as well as food production. In the poultry industry, the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials has led to the development of resistant or multi-drug [...] Read more.
The increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health problem with implications on human and veterinary medicine, as well as food production. In the poultry industry, the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials has led to the development of resistant or multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Campylobacter spp., which pose a serious risk to meat safety and public health. The genetic transfer of resistance elements between poultry MDR bacteria and human pathogens further exacerbates the AMR crisis and highlights the urgent need for action. Traditional methods of preserving poultry meat, often based on synthetic chemicals, are increasingly being questioned due to their potential impact on human health and the environment. This situation has led to a shift towards natural, sustainable alternatives, such as plant-derived compounds, for meat preservation. Essential oils (EOs) have emerged as promising natural preservatives in the poultry meat industry offering a potential solution to the growing AMR problem by possessing inherent antimicrobial properties making them effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Their use in the preservation of poultry meat not only extends shelf life, but also reduces reliance on synthetic preservatives and antibiotics, which contribute significantly to AMR. The unique chemical composition of EOs, that contains a large number of different active compounds, minimizes the risk of bacteria developing resistance. Recent advances in nano-encapsulation technology have further improved the stability, bioavailability and efficacy of EOs, making them more suitable for commercial use. Hence, in this manuscript, the recent literature on the mechanisms of AMR in the most important Gram-negative poultry pathogens and antimicrobial properties of EOs on these meat isolates was reviewed. Additionally, chemical composition, extraction methods of EOs were discussed, as well as future directions of EOs as natural food preservatives. In conclusion, by integrating EOs into poultry meat preservation strategies, the industry can adopt more sustainable and health-conscious practices and ultimately contribute to global efforts to combat AMR. Full article
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<p>Major mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens isolated from poultry meat.</p>
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<p>Chemical Structures of Key Monoterpene Components in EOs.</p>
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<p>Chemical Structures of Key Sesquiterpene Components in EOs.</p>
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18 pages, 320 KiB  
Article
Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation of the Barriers and Sustainable Pathways for Women During the Transition from Higher Education to Empowerment in Pakistan
by Muhammad Qasim Rana, Noreen Saher, Angela Lee and Zeba Shabbir
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 657; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120657 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 269
Abstract
This study explores the barriers that impede women’s transition from higher education to empowerment in Pakistan. It uses Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE). By integrating qualitative and quantitative data, this research identifies six primary barriers: sociocultural values, family-related issues, freedom and mobility, violence and [...] Read more.
This study explores the barriers that impede women’s transition from higher education to empowerment in Pakistan. It uses Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE). By integrating qualitative and quantitative data, this research identifies six primary barriers: sociocultural values, family-related issues, freedom and mobility, violence and harassment, economic factors, and gendered norms. Data were collected through a survey of 500 women across various regions of Pakistan, with a valid response rate of 79.8% (N = 399), providing a comprehensive analysis of the most significant obstacles to women’s empowerment. The findings reveal the intricate and pervasive nature of these challenges, with sociocultural values, family-related issues, and restrictions on freedom and mobility emerging as the most critical. These traditional norms and patriarchal structures (index 3.942) significantly hinder women’s educational and professional progress. Family-related issues (index 3.840) and restrictions on freedom and mobility (index 3.820) also play a substantial role. Violence and harassment (index 3.705) further deter women from pursuing their goals, while economic factors (index 3.695) and gendered norms (index 3.631) contribute to the persistent gender disparities. This study concludes with a call to action, emphasising the urgent need to address these barriers. To boost women’s empowerment and advance gender equality in Pakistan, comprehensive solutions comprising targeted interventions, societal change, and policy reforms are required. By prioritising these challenges, stakeholders can develop practical solutions. This research provides invaluable insights for policymakers, educators, and advocates, urging them to work towards creating an inclusive and equitable environment for women’s advancement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gender Studies)
22 pages, 415 KiB  
Review
Temporal Stages of Burnout: How to Design Prevention?
by Céline Leclercq and Isabelle Hansez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1617; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121617 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 230
Abstract
Burnout, a major concern defined most commonly in the literature with a symptoms-based classification, can also be described as a temporal process with various stages experienced by workers, each composed of unique characteristics and challenges. This intricate process of burnout emphasizes pivotal moments, [...] Read more.
Burnout, a major concern defined most commonly in the literature with a symptoms-based classification, can also be described as a temporal process with various stages experienced by workers, each composed of unique characteristics and challenges. This intricate process of burnout emphasizes pivotal moments, such as engagement and enthusiasm with a high job ideal (Stage 0), weakening of the ideal (Stage 1), protective withdrawal (Stage 2) and confirmed burnout (Stage 3). Through an opinion review, the objective of this article is to examine which prevention level, and more specifically which prevention actions, can be developed at each stage of this temporal process of burnout. The review criteria allow for the integration of both individual- and organization-focused interventions, ranging from early organizational-level strategies (primary prevention) to clinical consultations addressing the erosion of professional ideals (secondary prevention), as well as psychoeducational sessions aimed at promoting worker well-being. In conclusion, the article underscores the need for a holistic approach, combining organization-focused interventions with individual-focused interventions. Through a comprehensive review, this research provides insights into evidence-based practices, identifies gaps in current research, and offers guidance for future interventions for better support of workers facing burnout. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health and Safety in the Workplace)
34 pages, 440 KiB  
Review
The Potential of Oncolytic Virotherapy in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
by Francesca Spirito, Riccardo Nocini, Giorgio Mori, Massimo Albanese, Eleni A. Georgakopoulou, Gowri Sivaramakrishnan, Basel Khalil, Bruno Špiljak, Varun Surya, Deepika Mishra and Akhilanand Chaurasia
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12990; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312990 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 321
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a challenging oncological entity with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Despite advances in conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the overall survival rates for advanced HNC remain suboptimal. In recent years, the emerging field of [...] Read more.
Head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a challenging oncological entity with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Despite advances in conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the overall survival rates for advanced HNC remain suboptimal. In recent years, the emerging field of oncolytic virotherapy has gained attention as a promising therapeutic approach for various malignancies, including HNC. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of oncolytic viruses (Ovs) in the context of HNC treatment, including their mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical studies, challenges, and future directions. Future oncolytic virotherapy focuses on improving delivery and specificity through nanoparticle carriers and genetic modifications to enhance tumor targeting and immune response. Combining different OVs and integrating them with immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors, could overcome tumor resistance and improve outcomes. Personalized approaches and rigorous clinical trials are key to ensuring the safety and effectiveness of virotherapy in treating HNC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Treatment Strategies for Head and Neck Cancer)
15 pages, 680 KiB  
Review
Fusion Genes in Myeloid Malignancies
by Chieh Hwee Ang, Hein Than, Tertius T. Tuy and Yeow Tee Goh
Cancers 2024, 16(23), 4055; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234055 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 315
Abstract
Fusion genes arise from gross chromosomal rearrangements and have been closely linked to oncogenesis. In myeloid malignancies, fusion genes play an integral role in the establishment of diagnosis and prognostication. In the clinical management of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, fusion genes are [...] Read more.
Fusion genes arise from gross chromosomal rearrangements and have been closely linked to oncogenesis. In myeloid malignancies, fusion genes play an integral role in the establishment of diagnosis and prognostication. In the clinical management of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, fusion genes are deeply incorporated in risk stratification criteria to guide the choice of therapy. As a result of their intrinsic ability to define specific disease entities, oncogenic fusion genes also have immense potential to be developed as therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers. In the current era of genomic medicine, breakthroughs in innovation of sequencing techniques have led to a rise in the detection of novel fusion genes, and the concept of standard-of-care diagnostics continues to evolve in this field. In this review, we outline the molecular basis, mechanisms of action and clinical impact of fusion genes. We also discuss the pros and cons of available methodologies that can be used to detect fusion genes. To contextualize the challenges encountered in clinical practice pertaining to the diagnostic workup and management of myeloid malignancies with fusion genes, we share our experience and insights in the form of three clinical case studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on the Genetics of Myeloid Malignancies)
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<p>Structural chromosome rearrangements that can lead to the formation of fusion genes [<a href="#B11-cancers-16-04055" class="html-bibr">11</a>,<a href="#B12-cancers-16-04055" class="html-bibr">12</a>]. Examples of chromosomal aberrations with respective fusion gene products and clinical associations are listed in the panel on the right. Abbreviations: APML; acute promyelocytic leukemia, AML-MRC; acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes, Ph+ ALL; Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.</p>
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28 pages, 24331 KiB  
Article
A Holistic Approach for Coastal–Watershed Management on Tourist Islands: A Case Study from Petra–Molyvos Coast, Lesvos Island (Greece)
by Stamatia Papasarafianou, Ilias Siarkos, Aliki Gkaifyllia, Stavros Sahtouris, Giada Varra, Antonis Chatzipavlis, Thomas Hasiotis and Ourania Tzoraki
Geosciences 2024, 14(12), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14120326 - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 520
Abstract
Shoreline configurations are a complex outcome of the dynamic interplay between natural forces and human actions. This interaction shapes unique coastal morphologies and affects sediment transport and erosion patterns along the coastline. Meanwhile, ephemeral river systems play a vital role in shaping coastlines [...] Read more.
Shoreline configurations are a complex outcome of the dynamic interplay between natural forces and human actions. This interaction shapes unique coastal morphologies and affects sediment transport and erosion patterns along the coastline. Meanwhile, ephemeral river systems play a vital role in shaping coastlines and maintaining ecosystem sustainability, especially in island settings. In this context, the present study seeks to develop a holistic approach that views coast and watershed systems as a continuum, aiming to investigate their relationships in an island environment, while accounting for human interventions in the river regime. For this task, the empirical USLE method was employed to quantify sediment production and transport from the catchment area to the coast, while hydraulic simulations using HEC-RAS were conducted to assess sediment retention within flood-affected areas. Moreover, coastal vulnerability to erosion was evaluated by applying the InVEST CVI model in order to identify areas at risk from environmental threats. The coastal zone of Petra–Molyvos, Lesvos, Greece, was selected as the study area due to ongoing erosion issues, with particular emphasis on its interaction with the Petra stream as a result of significant human intervention at its mouth. According to the study’s findings, the examined coastal zone is highly vulnerable to combined erosion from wind and waves, while the river’s mouth receives only a small amount of sediment from water fluxes. Evidently, this leads to an increase in beach retreat phenomena, while highlighting the necessity for integrated coastal–watershed management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Hydrogeology)
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<p>(<b>a</b>) A location map of Lesvos Island, Greece, and Petra–Molyvos beach, (<b>b</b>) the coastal area, referred to as the “Vulnerability area”, where the vulnerability assessment was conducted (including topographic details), along with the main streams interacting with the coast, the mouths of the most significant streams such as Molyvos, Petra, and Anaxos rivers, and the boundaries of the Petra hydrological basin, which was included in the study analysis, and (<b>c</b>) topographic and hydrological details of the Petra basin, together with the area referred to as the “Flood Assessment Area”, where flood risk assessment was performed.</p>
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<p>(<b>a</b>) The geomorphology of the coast under study, along with the geological formations identified in the region, and (<b>b</b>) the types of land use observed throughout the broader area, referring to the year 2018 (112—discontinuous urban fabric, 131—mineral extraction sites, 142—sport and leisure facilities, 211—non-irrigated arable land, 223—olive groves, 231—pastures, 242—composite culture systems, 243—land principally occupied by agriculture, 312—coniferous forest, 321—natural grassland, 323—sclerophyllous vegetation, 324—transitional woodland/shrub, 523—sea and ocean).</p>
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<p>(<b>a</b>) The geological background of the Petra basin, and (<b>b</b>) the types of land use within the Petra basin, referring to the year 2018 (112—discontinuous urban fabric, 131—mineral extraction sites, 211—non-irrigated arable land, 223—olive groves, 242—composite culture systems, 243—land principally occupied by agriculture, 311—broad-leaved forest, 312—coniferous forest, 324—transitional woodland/shrub).</p>
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<p>Graphical representation of the methodological framework developed in the present study to investigate the interconnection among coastal vulnerability, sediment transport, and river flood risk.</p>
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<p>A Windrose depicting the primary wind directions in Petra–Molyvos and used to estimate wind exposure in the study area, during the period from 2017 to 2022.</p>
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<p>Map depiction of USLE factors for the Petra basin: (<b>a</b>) K-factor, (<b>b</b>) LS-factor, (<b>c</b>) C-factor, and (<b>d</b>) P-factor.</p>
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<p>The seven sub-basins and the three junctions (J1–J3) of the study area, along with the main tributaries (SB1–SB7), the “Flood Assessment Area” and the nine cross-sections located in its interior and considered in the hydraulic simulations.</p>
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<p>(<b>a</b>) The ranking evaluation of the first three parameters, i.e., Relief, Surge Potential, and Wind, of the coastal exposure index, (<b>b</b>) the ranking evaluation of the remaining parameters, i.e., Geomorphology, Habitats, Wave, alongside the Coastal Vulnerability estimated by the INVEST model considering all six parameters, and (<b>c</b>) Coastal Vulnerability also considering Sea Level Rise over a 10-year return period for the projected scenario RCP 8.5, compared to the previously estimated baseline scenario.</p>
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<p>Soil loss distribution for the Petra basin (the areal percentage of each soil erosion class is given in parentheses).</p>
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<p>Integrative water surface profile along the examined reach within the “Flood Assessment Area”, together with the plan view of water surface elevation at cross-sections XS-2, XS-7, and XS-8, for the three different flow profiles (5-year, 50-year, and 100-year return periods).</p>
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<p>Flood inundation maps for the three different recurrence intervals (5-year, 50-year, and 100-year return periods).</p>
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<p>Inundated areas in each type of land use (112—discontinuous urban fabric, 242—composite culture systems) for the three different recurrence intervals (5-year, 50-year, and 100-year return periods).</p>
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<p>Impact of natural and human factors on the coast–watershed system in the area of interest: (<b>a</b>) coastline morphology adjacent to the Petra river’s mouth in 2003 (Google Earth Image), (<b>b</b>) coastline morphology adjacent to the Petra river’s mouth both in 2003 and 2024 (Google Earth Image), clearly illustrating beach retreat over these years, (<b>c</b>) human interventions (i.e., bridge, channelization) in the riverbed, and (<b>d</b>) human interventions in the river’s mouth (Petra beach).</p>
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17 pages, 2360 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Weaving: Guano Knotted Carpets as a Tourism Experience Contributing to Territorial Development
by Claudia Patricia Maldonado-Erazo, Silvia Patricia Montúfar-Guevara, Catalina Margarita Verdugo-Bernal and Amador Durán-Sánchez
Sustainability 2024, 16(23), 10558; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310558 - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 567
Abstract
Sustainable tourism is a management model that can easily be applied in the territories declared as “Pueblo Mágico”, promoting economic strengthening, as well as opportunities for environmental and cultural preservation, by means of tourism through the use of the historical–cultural characteristics of these [...] Read more.
Sustainable tourism is a management model that can easily be applied in the territories declared as “Pueblo Mágico”, promoting economic strengthening, as well as opportunities for environmental and cultural preservation, by means of tourism through the use of the historical–cultural characteristics of these territories. One of the main challenges is to find a balance between promoting tourism and conserving intangible cultural heritage. In July 2024, Guano, located in the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador, was re-accredited within the Magical Towns of Ecuador Program. Within this process, one of the main elements to reach this milestone was creating a meaningful tourism experience based on one of the cultural manifestations certified as part of the intangible cultural heritage of Ecuador: the weaving technique used to create Guano knotted carpets. This article examines how this technique was integrated into tourism development by focusing on knowledge transfer and symbolic and historical value, avoiding tourist overexploitation, which can lead to the erosion of traditions and loss of their cultural significance. The methodology used is a participatory action research methodology. This experience not only offers an opportunity for tourists to connect with local culture, but it can also be a driver of sustainable development. By integrating this tradition into a responsible tourism model, economic, social, and environmental benefits can be generated, which strengthen communities and preserve their cultural heritage. To sum up, sustainable tourism in Guano, Ecuador, can balance tourism promotion and cultural heritage preservation, and the integration of the knotted carpet weaving technique as a tourism experience strengthens local identity and generates economic, social, and environmental benefits, promoting sustainable development and avoiding cultural commodification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development in Urban and Rural Tourism)
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<p>Location and tourism polygon of Pueblo Mágico, Guano. Source: Our own elaboration.</p>
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<p>Photographs of visitors executing the activities included in the touristic experience. Source: Our own elaboration.</p>
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9 pages, 256 KiB  
Review
Epistemological Obstacles to Social Studies Education
by Jordi Castellví
Trends High. Educ. 2024, 3(4), 1072-1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu3040062 (registering DOI) - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 180
Abstract
This article explores the role of discursive practices and epistemological obstacles in shaping educational knowledge and power dynamics within schools. Drawing on critical pedagogy and the works of McLaren, Foucault, Gramsci, and Bachelard, it examines how schools act as sites where hegemonic Discourses [...] Read more.
This article explores the role of discursive practices and epistemological obstacles in shaping educational knowledge and power dynamics within schools. Drawing on critical pedagogy and the works of McLaren, Foucault, Gramsci, and Bachelard, it examines how schools act as sites where hegemonic Discourses are either reproduced or resisted. Discourses, understood as integrated social practices encompassing language, actions, beliefs, and values, deeply influence how students form their social representations of the world. The article highlights the need for educators to challenge traditional curricular theories that prioritize technical knowledge, often presented as neutral, while masking underlying power relations. Through the analysis of Bachelard’s epistemological obstacles, such as simplification, generalization, and depersonalization, the article discusses how these barriers impede students’ ability to critically engage with complex social phenomena. Multiperspectivity is proposed as a key educational approach to foster critical thinking and empower students to challenge social injustices. The discussion calls for systemic educational reforms, emphasizing the importance of teacher training that encourages the identification and questioning of dominant ideologies. By adopting a critical, social justice-oriented pedagogy, educators can help students not only understand but also transform their social realities, promoting an equitable and democratic educational environment. Full article
22 pages, 19618 KiB  
Article
Advanced PROTAC and Quantitative Proteomics Strategy Reveals Bax Inhibitor-1 as a Critical Target of Icaritin in Burkitt Lymphoma
by Peixi Zhang, Ziqing Zhang, Jie Li, Meng Xu, Weiming Lu, Ming Chen, Jiaqi Shi, Qiaolai Wang, Hengyuan Zhang, Shi Huang, Chenlei Lian, Jia Liu, Junjie Ma and Jieqing Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12944; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312944 - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 310
Abstract
Understanding the molecular targets of natural products is crucial for elucidating their mechanisms of action, mitigating toxicity, and uncovering potential therapeutic pathways. Icaritin (ICT), a bioactive flavonoid, demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity but lacks defined molecular targets. This study employs an advanced strategy integrating [...] Read more.
Understanding the molecular targets of natural products is crucial for elucidating their mechanisms of action, mitigating toxicity, and uncovering potential therapeutic pathways. Icaritin (ICT), a bioactive flavonoid, demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity but lacks defined molecular targets. This study employs an advanced strategy integrating proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology with quantitative proteomics to identify ICT’s key targets. A library of 22 ICT-based PROTAC derivatives were synthesized, among which LJ-41 exhibited a superior IC50 of 5.52 μM against Burkitt lymphoma (CA-46) cells. Then, differential proteomic analysis identified Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) as a potential target. Target validation techniques, including cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, and molecular docking, confirmed LJ-41’s high specificity for BI-1. Mechanistic investigations revealed that LJ-41 induces apoptosis through BI-1 degradation, triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor transcription factor heme oxygenase 1 (NRF2-HO-1) signaling pathways. This study establishes a refined methodological framework for natural product target discovery and highlights ICT-PROTAC derivatives’ potential for clinical application in Burkitt lymphoma treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Oncology)
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<p>The design of ICT PROTACs. (<b>A</b>) Chemical structure diagram of ICT and POI ligands designed on its basis. (<b>B</b>) Diagram of the mechanism of PROTACs-induced degradation of target proteins. (<b>C</b>) The chemical structure of each component of ICT-PROTACs.</p>
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<p>Cell viability (%) after compound action. (<b>A</b>) The effect of compounds on the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. (<b>B</b>) Effects of compounds on the activity of MCF-7 cells. (<b>C</b>) The effect of compounds on the viability of CA-46 cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.</p>
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<p>TMT differential proteomics reveals that BI-1 is a potential target of anti-CA-46 cell action for <b>LJ-41</b>. (<b>A</b>) Structure of compound <b>LJ-41</b>. (<b>B</b>) The downregulated (blue) and upregulated (red) proteins associated with the tumor were plotted as fold change (<b>LJ-41</b>/Control) versus −Log10 of the <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value (<span class="html-italic">t</span>-test). (<b>C</b>) The downregulated(blue) and upregulated (red) proteins associated with the tumor were plotted as fold change (<b>LJ-41</b>/<b>1a</b>) versus −Log10 of the <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value (<span class="html-italic">t</span>-test). (<b>D</b>) The fold change in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment after 48 h treatment of <b>LJ-41</b> or DMSO control. (<b>E</b>) The fold change in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment after 48 h treatment of <b>LJ-41</b> or <b>1a</b>. (<b>F</b>) Classification histogram for GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins after 48 h treatment of <b>LJ-41</b> or DMSO control. (<b>G</b>) Classification histogram for GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins after 48 h treatment of <b>LJ-41</b> or <b>1a</b>. (<b>H</b>) Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by hierarchical clustering and visualized by heat maps to visualize the changing patterns of differences found between experimental groups of differentially expressed proteins.</p>
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<p>BI-1 is a degradation target of <b>LJ-41</b>. (<b>A</b>) Immunoblot analysis of concentration-dependent degradation of BI-1 protein in CA-46 cells. (<b>B</b>) Immunoblot analysis of time-dependent degradation of BI-1 protein in CA-46 cells. (<b>C</b>) Immunoblot analysis of BI-1 protein in CA-46 cells pre-treated with MG132 for 12 h and subsequently treated with either DMSO or <b>LJ-41</b> for 48 h. (<b>D</b>) Immunoblot analysis of BI-1 protein in CA-46 cells treated by <b>LJ-41</b> together with either 1a or Lenalidomide for 48 h. Immunoblot analysis data were normalized with β-Actin. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. <sup>ns</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> &gt; 0.05, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.005, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001 compared with the 0 μM control group.</p>
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<p><b>1a</b> directly binds to BI-1. (<b>A</b>) Fitted plot of affinity determination of <b>LJ-41</b> with BI-1. (<b>B</b>) CETSA to detect the thermal stability of cellular BI-1 protein. (<b>C</b>) DARTS assay to test the stability of cellular BI-1 protein under enzyme degradation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05 compared with the control group.</p>
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<p>Molecular docking simulation. (<b>A</b>) Binding pattern of compound a with the target protein BI-1 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P55061), compound a is a green rod-like structure. (<b>B</b>) Diagram of the binding pattern of ICT to the target protein BI-1, ICT is a blue rod-like structure. (<b>C</b>) Schematic simulation of molecular docking between ICT and BI-1, and ICT is represented as an orange rod-like structure, the green solid line indicates Pi–Pi stacking, and the gray dashed line represents hydrophobic interactions. (<b>D</b>) Schematic diagram of molecular docking simulation of ICT-PROTAC (<b>LJ-41</b>) with BI-1, and ICT-PROTAC (<b>LJ-41</b>) is represented as an orange rod-like structure, the green solid line indicates Pi–Pi stacking, and the gray dashed line represents hydrophobic interactions.</p>
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<p><b>LJ-41</b> promotes apoptosis by degrading the BI-1 induced ERS pathway. (<b>A</b>) Immunoblot analysis of ATF6, BIP, CHOP, Caspase-9 and Cleaved-caspase 9. (<b>B</b>) Immunoblot analysis of P-IRE1, IRE1, Caspase 12 and P38. (<b>C</b>) Immunoblot analysis of NRF2 and HO-1. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.005, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001 compared with the control group.</p>
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<p>Mechanism of <b>LJ-41</b>-induced CA-46 cell death through BI-1 degradation.</p>
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14 pages, 1306 KiB  
Article
Beyond the Rising Tide: Towards Effective Climate Policy in Coastal Urban Centers
by Elaine Aparecida Rodrigues, Amanda Rodrigues de Carvalho, Maurício Lamano Ferreira, Rodrigo Antonio Braga Moraes Victor, Edgar Fernando de Luca, Gustavo Casoni da Rocha, Beatriz Rodrigues de Carvalho, José Oscar Wilian Vega Bustillos, Marcelo Gomes Sodré, Maria Cecília Oliveira, Bernardo Jurema and Delvonei Alves de Andrade
Land 2024, 13(12), 2071; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13122071 - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 502
Abstract
As urban areas expand rapidly, understanding the complex interactions between human migration, climate change impacts, and biodiversity loss is crucial for effective climate policy. However, comprehensive knowledge of the simultaneous interaction of these aspects is still scarce. Thus, this paper proposes the classification [...] Read more.
As urban areas expand rapidly, understanding the complex interactions between human migration, climate change impacts, and biodiversity loss is crucial for effective climate policy. However, comprehensive knowledge of the simultaneous interaction of these aspects is still scarce. Thus, this paper proposes the classification of ‘Climate Emergency Coastal Cities’, with the categorization of 43 cities into four levels according to their vulnerability (extreme, very high, high, and critical). Our study contributes to evidence-based climate policy and supports efficient resource allocation and interventions for the most vulnerable coastal cities. Highly anthropogenic megacities were ranked as the most sensitive to climate emergencies (Lagos, Nigeria; Jakarta, Indonesia; Los Angeles and Houston, USA; and Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China). It is noteworthy that in countries from both the Global North and South, the entry of new populations is a critical issue, and represents a threat to urban structures and biodiversity; however, in territories with fragile economies and numerous governance challenges, the required structure is still more challenging. The study concludes that integrated urban planning policies are crucial, considering various perspectives and coordinated actions. Policies should address marginalized urban groups and include migrants, and promote human well-being, ecosystem recovery, and climate mitigation, for effective adaptation. Full article
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<p>Diagram showing the workflow.</p>
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<p>Classification of large and megacities and their respective populations in parentheses.</p>
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19 pages, 2254 KiB  
Review
Innovative Insights into Single-Cell Technologies and Multi-Omics Integration in Livestock and Poultry
by Ying Lu, Mengfei Li, Zhendong Gao, Hongming Ma, Yuqing Chong, Jieyun Hong, Jiao Wu, Dongwang Wu, Dongmei Xi and Weidong Deng
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12940; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312940 - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 269
Abstract
In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has marked significant strides in livestock and poultry research, especially when integrated with multi-omics approaches. These advancements provide a nuanced view into complex regulatory networks and cellular dynamics. This review outlines the application of scRNA-seq in [...] Read more.
In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has marked significant strides in livestock and poultry research, especially when integrated with multi-omics approaches. These advancements provide a nuanced view into complex regulatory networks and cellular dynamics. This review outlines the application of scRNA-seq in key species, including poultry, swine, and ruminants, with a focus on outcomes related to cellular heterogeneity, developmental biology, and reproductive mechanisms. We emphasize the synergistic power of combining scRNA-seq with epigenomic, proteomic, and spatial transcriptomic data, enhancing molecular breeding precision, optimizing health management strategies, and refining production traits in livestock and poultry. The integration of these technologies offers a multidimensional approach that not only broadens the scope of data analysis but also provides actionable insights for improving animal health and productivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
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<p>The discovery of cells and the evolutionary path of single-cell technology. Note: (<b>A</b>) shows the timeline from the discovery of the cell to the opening of the single-cell era, and (<b>B</b>) shows the single-cell methodology. The colored dots in (<b>B</b>) represent different single-cell techniques categorized by library construction or methodology, while red stars indicate approaches integrating single-cell and multi-omics technologies. Key methods include Strt-seq (single-cell tagged reverse transcription sequencing), Cel-seq (cell expression by linear amplification and sequencing), seqFISH (sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization), ST (spatial transcriptomics), CODEX (co-detection by indexing), Mars-seq (massively parallel single-cell RNA sequencing), scCAT-seq (single-cell chromatin accessibility and transcriptome sequencing), SCAN-seq (single-cell amplification and sequencing of full-length RNAs using nanopore technology), and scNMT-seq (single-cell nucleosome, methylation, and transcription sequencing).</p>
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<p>Principles or flowcharts of omics technology methods. Note: (<b>A</b>) ATAC-seq as an example of epigenetic technology, (<b>B</b>) 10× Genomics Visium as an example of spatial genomics technology, (<b>C</b>) 10× Genomics as an example of scRNA-seq technology, and (<b>D</b>) a conventional genomics technology.</p>
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<p>scRNA-seq and multi-omics technologies: cutting-edge tools for deciphering cell function, differentiation, and cross-cell communication.</p>
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