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Keywords = GlobWat

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21 pages, 4997 KiB  
Article
ERA5 and ERA-Interim Data Processing for the GlobWat Global Hydrological Model
by Banafsheh Abdollahi, Fakhereh Alidoost, Davood Moshir Panahi, Rolf Hut and Nick van de Giesen
Water 2022, 14(12), 1950; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121950 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3352
Abstract
The reproducibility of computational hydrology is gaining attention among hydrologists. Reproducibility requires open and reusable code and data, allowing users to verify results and process new datasets. The creation of input files for global hydrological models (GHMs) requires complex high-resolution gridded dataset processing, [...] Read more.
The reproducibility of computational hydrology is gaining attention among hydrologists. Reproducibility requires open and reusable code and data, allowing users to verify results and process new datasets. The creation of input files for global hydrological models (GHMs) requires complex high-resolution gridded dataset processing, limiting the model’s reproducibility to groups with advanced programming skills. GlobWat is one of these GHMs, which was developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to assess irrigation water use. Although the GlobWat code and sample input data are available, the methods for pre-processing model inputs are not available. Here, we present a set of open-source Python and YAML scripts within the Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) that provide a formalized technique for developing and processing GlobWat model weather inputs. We demonstrate the use of these scripts with the ERA5 and ERA-Interim datasets from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). To demonstrate the advantage of using these scripts, we ran the GlobWat model for 30 years for the entire world. The focus of the evaluation was on the Urmia Lake Basin in Iran. The validation of the model against the observed discharge in this basin showed that the combination of ERA5 and the De Bruin reference evaporation method yields the best GlobWat performance. Moreover, the scripts allowed us to examine the causes behind the differences in model outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>(<b>a</b>) The processing flowchart; (<b>b</b>) Processing example for January precipitation from ERA-Interim dataset; (<b>b–1</b>) Raw data; (<b>b–2</b>) CMORized data; (<b>b–3</b>) Data after application of diagnostic; (<b>b–4</b>) Data in the GlobWat input format.</p>
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<p>(<b>a</b>) Iran on the world map; (<b>b</b>) Urmia Lake Basin among Iran’s Main Basins; (<b>c</b>) Urmia Lake Basin.</p>
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<p>(<b>a</b>) Comparison of observed precipitation in the Urmia Lake Basin and ERA5 and ERA-Interim precipitation; (<b>b</b>) Comparison of observed mean annual temperature in the Urmia Lake Basin and ERA5 and ERA-Interim mean annual temperature.</p>
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<p>Taylor diagram and RMSE comparing ERA5 and ERA-Interim with the observed data in the Urmia Lake Basin during three periods. (<b>a</b>) Mean annual precipitation; (<b>b</b>) Mean annual temperature.</p>
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<p>Comparison of retrieved reference evaporation (Eref) from ERA5 with Eref values calculated by De Bruin and Langbein methods using ERA5, ERA-Interim, and observed data in the Urmia Lake Basin.</p>
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<p>Estimated discharge by the GlobWat model using different weather datasets and Eref methods against observed ones over Urmia Lake Basin, Iran.</p>
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<p>Taylor diagram, RMSE, and NSE comparing the estimated discharge by the GlobWat model using different weather datasets and Eref methods against the observed data in three periods over the Urmia Lake Basin.</p>
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<p>Scatter plot of precipitation versus discharge for the entire period in the Urmia Lake Basin.</p>
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<p>Agricultural development and Urmia Lake area changes in the Urmia Lake Basin from 1986 to 2016 [<a href="#B72-water-14-01950" class="html-bibr">72</a>].</p>
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<p>Estimated actual evaporation (Eact) calculated by the GlobWat model using different weather datasets and reference evaporation (Eref) methods against the observed data over Urmia Lake, Iran.</p>
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