Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness (Closed)
A topical collection in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601).
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Interests: physical activity; injury prevention; human movement; resistance training; stretching, osteopathy.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Interests: physical activity; injury prevention; human movement; training; health promotion; quality of life
Interests: pediatric exercise science; blood flow restriction; resistance training; clinical exercise
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Topical Collection Information
Dear Colleagues,
A growing body of literature demonstrates that human movement, structured exercise, and sport play an important role in maintaining and improving health as a preventive factor in a large number of diseases. The benefits of physical activity have been noted across the lifespan with effects that go beyond the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system for sport and athletic performance. These pleiotropic effects can either be preventive, such as those applied to chronic metabolic conditions (i.e., diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome), or applied to prevent the occurrence of injuries in sports performance. Human movement programs are also applied to improve one’s strength, endurance, and mobility to improve independence in older adults, leading to athletic development, increased physical fitness, and a reduction in a wide variety of aging hallmarks, including those that reduce the fragility phenotype.
This Topical Collection seeks papers with novel, current, original work, in any subject related to sports medicine, physical fitness, and human movement. Different populations (i.e., age groups, fitness level, and pathologies) will be considered. A special emphasis will be placed on articles that analyze the effects of movement for health improvement or injury prevention. The keywords listed below provide an outline of some of the possible areas of interest. All manuscripts will be peer-reviewed by experts in the field and held to the highest level of academic and scientific integrity.
Dr. Ewan Thomas
Prof. Dr. Elvira Padua
Prof. Dr. Ivan Chulvi-Medrano
Collection Editors
Manuscript Submission Information
Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the collection website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.
Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.
Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.
Keywords
- Sports medicine
- Physical fitness
- Human movement
- Physical activity and health
- Health promotion
- Injury prevention
- Quality of life
- Exercise prescription
- Clinical populations
<p>Flowchart of the experimental protocol.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Flow mediated dilation (FMD) changes after a dive (10 m for 20 min) either wearing a full-face mask or a classical “half-face” diving mask (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 16). In hypoxic dives (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 5), subjects were breathing a gas mixture providing 0.16 ATA of PO<sub>2</sub> at depth. FMD changes are expressed as % of predive values, every diver acting as his own control. Results are expressed as percentage (mean ± SD); NS = nonsignificant.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Panels show the histogram plot (mean ± SD) of (<b>A</b>) ROS production (EPR), and (<b>B</b>) 8-iso PGF2-α concentration (ELISA). * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001 significant difference.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Panels show the histogram plot (mean ± SD) of (<b>A</b>) NO metabolites (NOx) (ELISA), (<b>B</b>) nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub>) (ELISA), (<b>C</b>) nitrotyrosine (3-NT) (ELISA) and (<b>D</b>) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (ELISA). * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 significant difference.</p> Full article ">
<p>Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow-chart of the study selection.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Risk of bias summary: review authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item for muscular strength outcome.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Risk of bias summary: review authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item for muscular strength outcome.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Risk of bias summary: review authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item for muscle mass outcome.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>LI-BFR versus RT on muscular strength (RM test), standard means difference (SMD).</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>LI-BFR versus RT on muscular strength (MVC test), standard means difference (SMD).</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>LI-BFR versus RT on muscle mass, standard means difference (SMD).</p> Full article ">
<p>The chronology of the tests.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Full squat movement requirements. (<b>A</b>): start position; (<b>B</b>): lowest position; (<b>C</b>): final position.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Beast sensor placement on the athlete’s at right wrist.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Assault Bike<sup>®</sup> Classic.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Bland–Altman’s plots representing differences (Y axes) and mean (X axes) of measurements between: (<b>a</b>) AST60 and WG; (<b>b</b>) AST70 and WG; (<b>c</b>) RJT and WG; (<b>d</b>) ABT and WG.</p> Full article ">
<p>(<b>A</b>): Description of the sequence and structure of the intermittent protocol. Auditory feedback was provided to ensure the exact duration of each contraction and resting period. (<b>B</b>): Represents an illustration of a subject who performed 20 rounds, which means that each one of the four successive relative rounds is composed of five rounds.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Simulation of the overall position of a rider above a motorcycle race from 600 cc to 1000 cc. A static structure was built to preserve the distances between seat, stirrups, and particularly the combined system of shanks, forks, handlebar, brake and clutch levers, and gas.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Example of a comparative regression analysis of an individual. Regression of the carpi radialis (CR) and flexor superficialis digitorum (FS) at the two intensities: (<b>A</b>) is 30% of MVC<sub>isom</sub>, and (<b>B</b>) is 50% of MVC<sub>isom</sub>; both used in the intermittent protocol.</p> Full article ">
<p>Flow diagram of literature selection.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Analysis of the risk of bias in accordance with the Cochrane collaboration guidelines.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Forest plot: Effects of VO2peak.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Forest plot: Effects of the RER.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Forest plot: Effects of VE/VCO2 slope.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Forest plot: Effects of LVEF.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Forest plot: Effects of HRrest.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Forest plot: Effects of 6MWD.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>O: previous studies; <b>□</b>: filled studies. A funnel plot with trim and fill for the effect size of LVEF.</p> Full article ">
<p>Example of vertical ground reaction force (GRF) profiles for (<b>A</b>) penultimate foot contact (PFC), (<b>B</b>) final foot contact (FFC), and first accelerating foot contact (AFC) in case of (<b>C</b>) only-propulsive trials and (<b>D</b>) braking/propulsive trials, used for the identification of the braking and propulsive phases.</p> Full article ">
<p>Boxplot visualization of the k-means cluster analysis grouping individuals as either high-performance (HI) or low performance (LO) and showing the minimum score, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum score achieved in the simulated competition by every group.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Principal Component Analysis with concentration and confidence ellipses around each group, including the six performance measures. Each main component is obtained by linear combination of the original six variables, and every dot inside the ellipses represents one individual in the HI (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 6) and LO (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 4) groups. These two components explain 74.72% of the point variability.</p> Full article ">
<p>Graphical summary of the main performance and health determining factors of young competitive cyclists.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Linear regression between TRIMP (AU) and sRPE (AU).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Linear regression between sRPE (AU) and pre- and post-training ∆ (kg) variations of training sessions displaying <100 TRIMP points (<b>a</b>); 100–200 TRIMP points (<b>b</b>) and >200 TRIMP points (<b>c</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Linear regression between sRPE (AU) and training session carbohydrates consumption (gCHO/h) of training sessions displaying <100 TRIMP points (<b>a</b>); 100–200 TRIMP points (<b>b</b>) and >200 TRIMP points (<b>c</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Graphical representation of the inter-relationships between training load markers, fluid balance and carbohydrate supply during exercise. Increased fluid loss (negative ∆) as well as lower or no carbohydrate consumption is related to an increased fatigue perception (sRPE) independently from training load category (TRIMP).</p> Full article ">
<p>Frontal view of water polo overload test (WOT) conditions and acting forces. Buoyancy force of the subject (<span class="html-italic">F<sub>bB</sub></span>), Body weight of the subject (<span class="html-italic">W<sub>B</sub></span>), eggbeater kick force (<span class="html-italic">F<sub>ek</sub></span>), buoyancy force of the load (<span class="html-italic">F<sub>bL</sub></span>), weight of the load (<span class="html-italic">W<sub>L</sub></span>), force relative to power that is wasted to accelerate water downwards (<span class="html-italic">F<sub>dw</sub></span>).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Median correlation coefficients and their ranges obtained comparing the vertical thrust’s height free load with individual <span class="html-italic">F<sub>bk</sub></span>, <span class="html-italic">P<sub>bk</sub></span> and <span class="html-italic">v</span> at 5–25 kg.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Linear F-v (grey line and squares) and second-order polynomial regression P-v (black line and dots) with the relative regression equations building on vertical thrust performed at incremental loads (from 5 to 25 kg). Both curves are depicted according the average and SD of velocity, force and power at different load as shown in <a href="#ijerph-18-02587-t001" class="html-table">Table 1</a>.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Exponential F-v with the relative regression equations building on vertical thrust performed at incremental loads (from 5 to 25 kg). The curve is depicted according to the average and SD of velocity and force with the different loads as shown in <a href="#ijerph-18-02587-t001" class="html-table">Table 1</a>.</p> Full article ">
<p>Power output (<b>a</b>), heart rate (<b>b</b>), blood lactate (<b>c</b>), and rating of perceived exertion (<b>d</b>) responses in relation to starting strategy.</p> Full article ">Figure 1 Cont.
<p>Power output (<b>a</b>), heart rate (<b>b</b>), blood lactate (<b>c</b>), and rating of perceived exertion (<b>d</b>) responses in relation to starting strategy.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Growth of Hazard Score (<b>a</b>) and summated Hazard Score (<b>b</b>) in relation to distance during self-paced, fast-start, and slow-start time trials.</p> Full article ">Figure 2 Cont.
<p>Growth of Hazard Score (<b>a</b>) and summated Hazard Score (<b>b</b>) in relation to distance during self-paced, fast-start, and slow-start time trials.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) to summated Hazard Score (HS) relationship during self-paced, fast-start, and slow-start time trials.</p> Full article ">
<p>Testing position for single-leg balance. (<b>a</b>) Flex: knee of the supporting leg slightly bent, maximum hip and leg flexion of the other leg; (<b>b</b>) Kick: knee of the supporting leg slightly bent, mawashi-geri posture for the kicking leg. Note: training was performed as in (<b>b</b>).</p> Full article ">
<p>Output of the principal component analysis: BMI = Body Mass Index, Chol = Fasting Total Cholesterol, HDL = Fasting High Density Lipoprotein, LDL = Fasting Low Density Lipoprotein, TG = Fasting TriGlycerides, Fgluc = Fasting Glucose, BetacellF = β cell Function, InsSens = Insulin Sensitivity, InsRes = Insulin Resistance, TNFalpha = Tumor Necrosis Factor α, IL-6 = Interleukin-6, IL-10 = Interleukin-6, RER = Respiratory Exchange Ratio, Sex.0 = females, Sex.1 = males.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Clustering of the categorical variable, including the four fatness and fitness permutations. Relationship between the first principal component and the second principal component computed by PCA. The size of the icons for the single individuals shows their weight in classification. HFHF = Higher-Fatness with Higher-Fitness group, HFLF = Higher-Fatness with Lower-Fitness group, LFHF = Lower-Fatness with Higher-Fitness group, LFLF = Lower-Fatness with Lower -Fitness group.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Recursive feature elimination; in green are depicted the variables that are certain. IL6. = Interleukin-6, IL-10 = Interleukin-6, RER = Respiratory Exchange Ratio, Sex.0 = females, Sex.1 = males, Dim.1 = Dimension 1 of the PCA, Dim.2 = Dimension 2 of the PCA Dim.3 = Dimension 3 of the PCA, Dim.4 = Dimension 4 of the PCA, Dim.5 = Dimension 5 of the PCA.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Confusion Matrices, and accuracy of the four classification models. ACC = accuracy, HFHF = Higher-Fatness with Higher-Fitness group, HFLF = Higher-Fatness with Lower-Fitness group, LFHF = Lower-Fatness with Higher-Fitness group, LFLF = Lower-Fatness with Lower -Fitness group.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Decision tree, where HDL = High Density Lipoprotein, LDL = Low Density Lipoprotein, IL-10 = Interleukin-10 and BMI = Body Mass Index are expressed in their original dimensions (mmol/L, mmol/L, pg/mL, respectively). HFHF = Higher-Fatness with Higher-Fitness group, HFLF = Higher-Fatness with Lower-Fitness group, LFHF = Lower-Fatness with Higher-Fitness group, LFLF = Lower-Fatness with Lower -Fitness group.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Quantile–quantile plots of the variables that showed partial mediation.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Decomposed Mediation Analysis plot: ACME = Average Causal Mediation Effect, ADE = Average Direct Effect, LDL = Low Density Lipoprotein, BMI = Body Mass Index.</p> Full article ">
<p>Mean values and standard error for PT of quadriceps and hamstrings by: (<b>A</b>,<b>C</b>) soccer player groups (international, non-international); (<b>B</b>,<b>D</b>) legs (dominant, non-dominant), and H/Q ratios by: (<b>E</b>) soccer player groups (international, non-international); (<b>F</b>) legs (dominant, non-dominant).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Mean values and standard error for TW of quadriceps and hamstrings (<b>A</b>,<b>C</b>) across soccer player groups (international, non-international); (<b>B</b>,<b>D</b>) legs (dominant, non-dominant).</p> Full article ">
<p>An overview of the Red Bull Ring circuit, Austria: points from 1 to 10 represent the turns in the track.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Chart showing the analytical procedures applied in the study.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Satellite image showing the section of the straightaway from point A0 (corresponding to the point where the asphalt ends and the grass begins on the outer edge of the track) to point A (line between points G and H, where a shadow was cast directly under the “myWorld” billboard). The distance from A0 to A measures 288 m.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Satellite image showing the section of the straightaway before turn 3. The white arrows indicate a billboard and the first white stripe on the left side of the track (race direction). The red dashed lines were traced from point G to point H and from point E to point F. Points A and B indicate the crossing of the front wheel of Zarco’s bike, as well as the front wheels of the other riders under consideration. The distance from point A to point B measures 44.5 m.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Satellite image showing the section of the straightaway leading into turn 3. Point C corresponds to a marker on the internal curb of turn 3, the point where Morbidelli’s bike began cartwheeling across the track. Point D is shown by a marker on the outer edge of turn 3 with a trajectory that follows the line of the straightaway, the same trajectory that Morbidelli’s bike followed as it cartwheeled across the curve. The line from C to D measures 14 m.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Distance between point G and point H: 12 m; distance between point E and point F: 12 m. The colored lines represent the trajectories of the first nine riders traced from point A, where the front wheels of the bikes cross the line between G and H, and point B, where they cross the line between E and F. We also reported the distance between Zarco’s Front Wheel and point G (FWG) and between his Front Wheel and point E (FWE): FWG: 0.98 m; FWE: 3.90 m.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Representation of the dynamics of the accident showing that Zarco crossed Morbidelli’s trajectory immediately after overtaking him as he moved towards the center of the track.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Rossi’s actual speed and instantaneous G-Force peak from point A to the point where he narrowly missed colliding with Morbidelli’s bike. The circled area shows the moment in which Rossi braked, reducing his speed by 10 km/h in 0.03 s.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Rossi’s actual speed (moving an average of 5 points), 33 frames before the point where he narrowly missed colliding with Morbidelli’s careening bike. As described in the legend, the solid dots represent Rossi’s real speed and the solid triangles represent the speed in hypothetical scenario 1, while the empty dots represent the speed in scenario 2.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>The frame capturing the exact instant when Morbidelli’s bike crossed Rossi’s path. Kinovea was used to measure the distances based on the measurement of the rear wheel of Morbidelli’s bike. Specifically, the white arrows indicate the 60-cm diameter of Morbidelli’s rear wheel (black circle); the green arrows represent the exact distance between Rossi’s front wheel and Morbidelli’s rear wheel; the yellow and red arrows indicate the distance that Rossi’s bike would have covered if he had slowed down according to scenario 1 (about 40 cm) and scenario 2 (about 76 cm), respectively.</p> Full article ">