Nutrients

24 pages, 3506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

by Oleg Frumuzachi, Helena Kieserling, Sascha Rohn, Andrei Mocan and Gianina Crișan

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2173; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132173 - 8 Jul 2024

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Abstract

This meta-analysis aimed to summarise clinical evidence regarding the effect of supplementation with cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) on different cardiometabolic outcomes. An extensive literature survey was carried out until 10 April 2024. A total of 415 participants from six eligible studies [...] Read more.

This meta-analysis aimed to summarise clinical evidence regarding the effect of supplementation with cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) on different cardiometabolic outcomes. An extensive literature survey was carried out until 10 April 2024. A total of 415 participants from six eligible studies were included. The overall results from the random-effects model indicated that cornelian cherry supplementation significantly reduced body weight (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −0.27, confidence interval [CI]: −0.52, −0.02, p = 0.03), body mass index (SMD = −0.42, CI: −0.73, −0.12, p = 0.007), fasting blood glucose (SMD = −0.46, CI: −0.74, −0.18, p = 0.001), glycated haemoglobin (SMD = −0.70, CI: −1.19, −0.22, p = 0.005), and HOMA-IR (SMD = −0.89, CI: −1.62, −0.16, p = 0.02), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased (SMD = 0.38, CI: 0.10, 0.65, p = 0.007). A sensitivity analysis showed that cornelian cherry supplementation significantly reduced total plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels. Cornelian cherry supplementation did not significantly affect waist circumference and liver parameters among the participants. Considering these findings, this meta-analysis indicates that supplementation with cornelian cherry may impact diverse cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals considered to be at a high risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition)

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11 pages, 1291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Breastfeeding Practices and Postpartum Weight Retention in an Asian Cohort

by See Ling Loy, Hiu Gwan Chan, Joyce Xinyun Teo, Mei Chien Chua, Oh Moh Chay and Kee Chong Ng

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2172; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132172 - 8 Jul 2024

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Abstract

This study examines relationships between breastfeeding practices and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 6 and 12 months postpartum among 379 first-time mothers participating in a clinical trial in Singapore. We categorized feeding modes at 6 months into exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and exclusive [...] Read more.

This study examines relationships between breastfeeding practices and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 6 and 12 months postpartum among 379 first-time mothers participating in a clinical trial in Singapore. We categorized feeding modes at 6 months into exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and exclusive formula feeding. Participants were analyzed in two groups based on their PPWR assessment at 6 and 12 months postpartum, with complete datasets available for each assessment. We calculated PPWR by subtracting pre-pregnancy weight from self-reported weight at 6 and 12 months postpartum, defining substantial PPWR as ≥5 kg retention. Modified Poisson regression models adjusted for potential confounders were performed. At 6 and 12 months, 35% (n = 132/379) and 31% (n = 109/347) of women experienced substantial PPWR, respectively. Compared to exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding (risk ratio 1.85; 95% confidence interval 1.15, 2.99) and exclusive formula feeding (2.11; 1.32, 3.28) were associated with a higher risk of substantial PPWR at 6 months. These associations were slightly attenuated at 12 months and appeared stronger in women with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity. This study suggests that breastfeeding by 6 months postpartum may help mitigate PPWR, particularly with exclusive breastfeeding. It also draws attention to targeted interventions to promote breastfeeding among women with overweight or obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Nutrition)

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13 pages, 4657 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Citrullus mucosospermus Extract Reduces Weight Gain in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

by He Mi Kang, Sun Young Park, Ji Eun Kim, Ki Won Lee, Dae Youn Hwang and Young-Whan Choi

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2171; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132171 - 8 Jul 2024

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Citrullus mucosospermus extract (CME) in counteracting adipogenesis and its associated metabolic disturbances in murine models. In vitro experiments utilizing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes revealed that CME potently inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as evidenced by a dose-dependent reduction [...] Read more.

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Citrullus mucosospermus extract (CME) in counteracting adipogenesis and its associated metabolic disturbances in murine models. In vitro experiments utilizing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes revealed that CME potently inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as evidenced by a dose-dependent reduction in lipid droplet formation. Remarkably, CME also attenuated glucose uptake and intracellular triglyceride accumulation in fully differentiated adipocytes, suggesting its ability to modulate metabolic pathways in mature adipose cells. Translating these findings to an in vivo setting, we evaluated the effects of CME in C57BL/6N mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. CME administration, concomitantly with the HFD, resulted in a significant attenuation of body weight gain compared to the HFD control group. Furthermore, CME treatment led to substantial reductions in liver weight, total fat mass, and deposits of visceral and retroperitoneal adipose tissue, underscoring its targeted impact on adipose expansion. Histological analyses revealed the remarkable effects of CME on hepatic steatosis. While the HFD group exhibited severe lipid accumulation within liver lobules, CME dose-dependently mitigated this pathology, with the highest dose virtually abolishing hepatic fat deposition. An examination of adipose tissue revealed a progressive reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy upon CME treatment, culminating in a near-normalization of adipocyte morphology at the highest dose. Notably, CME exhibited potent anti-inflammatory properties, significantly attenuating the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines’ mRNA levels (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the livers of HFD-fed mice. This suggests a potential mechanism through which CME may exert protective effects against inflammation associated with obesity and fatty liver disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Approaches in Obesity Treatment)

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Experimental design for investigating the effects of Citrullus mucosospermus extract on an HFD diet. Full article ">Figure 2
CME suppresses lipid droplet accumulation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with differentiation medium (DMI) alone or DMI supplemented with varying concentrations of CME for 8 days. (A) Demonstrates the effects of CME on the vitality of adipocytes. (B) Representative microscopic images (200×) on day 8 showing a dose-dependent decrease in lipid droplet formation in CME-treated cells compared to DMI control, as visualized by Oil Red O staining (scale bar = 20 μm). A quantitative analysis of lipid content by measuring absorbance of extracted Oil Red O at 520 nm confirmed the reduction with increasing CME concentrations. Cells treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide were used as negative controls. Data are mean ± SD from three independent experiments. ** p < 0.01 versus DMI control. Full article ">Figure 3
Impact of CME on glucose uptake and triglyceride storage in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes using DMI, either alone or in combination with different concentrations of CME over an 8-day period. (A) On the 8th day, culture supernatants were harvested and glucose uptake was assessed with a commercial assay kit. (B) Intracellular triglycerides were measured by extracting lipids with Triton X-100, followed by an analysis with a triglyceride assay kit. Cells treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide were used as negative controls. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three separate experiments, with statistical significance denoted as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 versus DMI control. Full article ">Figure 4
Effect of CME on hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed C57BL/6N mice. Liver sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were examined to assess hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6N mice fed different diets: control diet, HFD alone (Vehicle), HFD + Orlistat (Orlistat), and HFD + varying doses of CME (CME1, CME10, and CME25; 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg body weight CME daily via oral administration). scale bar = 50 μm. Each panel represents observations from n = 10 mice per group. ** p < 0.01 versus HFD group. Full article ">Figure 5
Effect of CME on adipocyte hypertrophy in the abdominal white adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. Sections of abdominal white adipose tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess adipocyte hypertrophy in mice fed different diets: control diet, HFD alone (Vehicle), HFD + Orlistat (Orlistat), and HFD + varying doses of CME (CME1, CME10, and CME25; 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg body weight CME daily via oral administration). A microscopic examination at 100× magnification revealed hypertrophied adipocytes in the HFD group. Each panel represents observations from n = 10 mice per group. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 versus HFD group. Full article ">Figure 6
Effect of CME on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the livers of HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. Hepatic mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-κB were assessed by real-time qPCR in liver tissues from mice fed a control diet or HFD, with or without CME supplementation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 10 per group. ** p < 0.01 versus HFD group. Full article ">

14 pages, 1568 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biochemical and Anthropometric Outcomes in Paediatric Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia after COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns: An Exploratory Analysis

by Maria Peres, André Moreira-Rosário, Gonçalo Padeira, Patrícia Gaspar Silva, Carla Correia, Andreia Nunes, Elisabete Garcia, Ana Faria, Diana Teixeira, Conceição Calhau, Luís Pereira-da-Silva, Ana Cristina Ferreira and Júlio César Rocha

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2170; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132170 - 8 Jul 2024

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns affected the lifestyles of children and adolescents, leading to an increase in childhood obesity. Paediatric patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may be more susceptible to lockdown effects due to their increased cardiovascular risk. However, data are lacking. We investigated [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns affected the lifestyles of children and adolescents, leading to an increase in childhood obesity. Paediatric patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may be more susceptible to lockdown effects due to their increased cardiovascular risk. However, data are lacking. We investigated the effect of lockdowns on the metabolic profile of paediatric patients with FH. Blood lipids and anthropometry measured in September 2021–April 2022 were retrospectively compared with pre-pandemic values. Thirty participants were included (1–16 years; 57% female). From baseline to post-pandemic, median [P25, P75] blood LDL-C concentration was 125 [112, 150] mg/dL vs. 125 [100, 147] mg/dL (p = 0.894); HDL-C was 58 [52, 65] mg/dL vs. 56 [51, 61] mg/dL (p = 0.107); triglycerides were 64 [44, 86] mg/dL vs. 59 [42, 86] mg/dL (p = 0.178). The BMI z-score did not change significantly (0.19 [−0.58, 0.89] vs. 0.30 [−0.48, 1.10], p = 0.524). The lack of deterioration in metabolic profiles during lockdowns is positive, as some deterioration was expected. We speculate that patients and caregivers were successfully educated about healthy lifestyle and dietary habits. Our results should be interpreted with caution since the study sample was small and heterogeneous. Multicentre research is needed to better understand the impact of lockdowns on this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Lifestyle and Weight Regulation in Familial Hypercholesterolemia)

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12 pages, 2257 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Poor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Sleep Disturbances Are Associated with Migraine Chronification and Disability among an Adult Population in the Lazio Region, Italy

by Roberta Bovenzi, Annalisa Noce, Matteo Conti, Manuela Di Lauro, Barbara Chiaramonte, David Della Morte, Alessandro Stefani, Antonino De Lorenzo, Nicola Biagio Mercuri and Maria Albanese

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2169; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132169 - 8 Jul 2024

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Abstract

Lifestyle factors, such as diet and sleep quality, are receiving increasing interest as accessible therapeutic approaches to migraine. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown clear benefits in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as in sleep patterns. Here, our objective was to identify [...] Read more.

Lifestyle factors, such as diet and sleep quality, are receiving increasing interest as accessible therapeutic approaches to migraine. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown clear benefits in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as in sleep patterns. Here, our objective was to identify the impact of adherence to the MD and other lifestyle factors on the clinical burden of migraine. For this purpose, we enrolled 170 migraine patients and 100 controls, assessing the clinical disability of headache using standardized clinical scales (HIT-6 and MIDAS) in the migraineur cohort and lifestyle patterns in both groups through the PREDIMED score for MD adherence, the IPAQ scale for physical activity, and BMI. Subjects were also screened for sleep–wake disturbances based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We found that migraine patients had lower adherence to the MD compared to the controls and that the HIT-6 scale had a significant negative relationship with MD adherence in patients with high-frequency episodic and chronic migraine. Additionally, in the same migraine patients, the presence of sleep–wake disturbances was correlated with greater migraine disability as assessed by the MIDAS score. In conclusion, this study found that among different lifestyle factors, poor adherence to the MD and the presence of sleep–wake disturbances were closely associated with migraine disability and chronification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Human Healthy Lifestyle)

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16 pages, 4279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation of Maternal Vitamin D Status in Early Pregnancy and Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy with Atopic Dermatitis in Infants: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study

by Qianqian Zhang, Dongjian Yang, Qianwen Shen, Wei Li, Ruoxuan Li, Yanan Tang, Zhimin Lei, Baihe Li, Xiya Ding, Meng Ni, Ze Chen, Zhenying Lin, Chunyu Cheng, Dongting Yao, Yi Hu, Xiaorui Liu, Jiuru Zhao, Hao Chen and Zhiwei Liu

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2168; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132168 - 8 Jul 2024

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Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of maternal first-trimester vitamin D levels and vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy with infant atopic dermatitis (AD) and to determine the effect of variables such as mode of conception on the association. Methods: This study [...] Read more.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of maternal first-trimester vitamin D levels and vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy with infant atopic dermatitis (AD) and to determine the effect of variables such as mode of conception on the association. Methods: This study was based on the Shanghai sub-cohort of the International Birth Cohort of China. A total of 4051 woman–infant pairs with singleton pregnancies were recruited. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of 25 and 50 nmol/L, respectively. AD in infants was assessed during the first six months using a standardized questionnaire based on the British Working Party criteria. Modified Poisson regression estimated the association between maternal vitamin D status and infant AD. Results: The risk of AD in infants was higher in women with deficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the first trimester (RR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.41–2.23). This increased risk was seen in naturally conceived pregnancies, but not in those conceived using assisted reproductive technology (ART). The incidence of AD decreased in infants of mothers who took multi-vitamin (RR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–1.98) and vitamin D supplements (RR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.37–0.71) compared to those whose mothers did not take any supplements. Maternal vitamin D deficiency had varying effects on AD risk based on passive smoking exposure and breastfeeding patterns. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring and supplementing vitamin D during pregnancy, especially in specific maternal populations, to reduce the risk of AD in offspring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Dietary Natural Products and Metabolites on Non-communicable Diseases and Maternal–Child Health)

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Flowchart of this study. Full article ">Figure 2
Distribution of maternal serum 25(OH)D levels between infants with AD and those without (non-AD) in the overall population (A), mothers who conceived through ART (B), and mothers who conceived naturally (C). The association between maternal first-trimester vitamin D levels and the AD in infants. Comparison of maternal serum 25(OH)D concentrations between mothers who conceived naturally and those who conceived through ART (D). The dashed lines indicate the standard deviation (SD) values of each population. The non-linear association between maternal first-trimester vitamin D levels and the risk of AD in infants (E). Plots show the non-linear regression models for maternal first-trimester serum 25(OH)D concentrations and RR of infant AD within 6 months of age (solid line) with 95% CI (dashed line,) assessed using restricted cubic spline (RCS). Knots were set to the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles. The analysis was adjusted for all covariates from adjusted Model 1, which included maternal gestational age, pre-pregnancy BMI, mode of conception, maternal ethnicity, gravidity, parity, maternal education level, drinking during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, exercise during pregnancy, passive smoking during pregnancy, family income, season of birth of infant, parental allergy history, hypertension during pregnancy, diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, and thyroid disease during pregnancy. Full article ">Figure 3
Subgroup analysis of maternal first-trimester vitamin D levels and the risk of AD in infants. The subgroup analyses were conducted according to the variable factors and presented in forest plots, categorized by whether maternal first-trimester serum 25(OH)D was deficient (<25 nmol/L) or not (≥25 nmol/L). The analyses were adjusted for all covariates from the adjusted Model 1, which included maternal gestational age, pre-pregnancy BMI, mode of conception, maternal ethnicity, gravidity, parity, maternal education level, drinking during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, exercise during pregnancy, passive smoking during pregnancy, family income, season of birth of infant, parental allergy history, hypertension during pregnancy, diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and thyroid disease during pregnancy. Stratification variables were not included in the adjustment. Full article ">

11 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Uric Acid Levels and the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Carbonated Beverages in the Korean Population: The 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

by Su Min Lee, Sang Yeoup Lee, Eun Ju Park, Young In Lee, Jung In Choi, Sae Rom Lee, Ryuk Jun Kwon, Soo Min Son, Jeong Gyu Lee, Yu Hyeon Yi, Young Jin Tak, Seung Hun Lee, Gyu Lee Kim, Young Jin Ra and Young Hye Cho

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2167; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132167 - 8 Jul 2024

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Abstract

Elevated uric acid levels are linked with obesity and diabetes. Existing research mainly examines the relationship between sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage (SSB) consumption and uric acid levels. This study explored the association between the quantity and frequency of SSB consumption and elevated uric acid [...] Read more.

Elevated uric acid levels are linked with obesity and diabetes. Existing research mainly examines the relationship between sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage (SSB) consumption and uric acid levels. This study explored the association between the quantity and frequency of SSB consumption and elevated uric acid levels in Korean adults. Data from 2881 participants aged 19–64 years (1066 men and 1815 women) in the 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Serum uric acid levels were categorized into quartiles, with the highest defined as high uric acid (men, ≥6.7 mg/dL; women, ≥4.8 mg/dL). SSB consumption was classified into quartiles (almost never, <1 cup (<200 mL), 1–3 cups (200–600 mL), ≥3 cups (≥600 mL)) and frequency into tertiles (almost never, ≤1/week, ≥2/week). Multivariate logistic regression assessed the association, with separate analyses for men and women. Increased daily SSB consumption and frequency were significantly associated with high uric acid levels in men but not in women. After adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics, consuming ≥3 cups (≥600 mL) of SSBs per day and SSBs ≥ 2/week were significantly associated with high serum uric acid levels in men, but this association was not observed in women. The study concludes that increased SSB intake is linked to elevated uric acid levels in Korean men, but not in women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Metabolic Syndrome, Biomarkers and Lifestyles)

3 pages, 164 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Insights into the Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention and Control of Cancer and Other Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases: Shedding Further Light on a Captivating Subject

by Alejandro Martin-Gorgojo and Jose M. Martin-Moreno

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2166; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132166 - 8 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1374

Abstract

Vitamin D is a hormone that humans can synthesize upon sun exposure or through a balanced and healthy diet, including vitamin D-rich foods or supplements [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into the Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention and Control of Cancer and Other Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases)

15 pages, 1378 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Body Water Balance, Nutritional Risk, and Sarcopenia with Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Single-Center Prospective Study

by Takayoshi Akimoto, Kenta Tasaki, Masaki Ishihara, Makoto Hara and Hideto Nakajima

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2165; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132165 - 8 Jul 2024

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Abstract

In the present study, we examined the inter-relationships between body water balance, nutritional risk, sarcopenia, and outcome after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients who were living independently. We defined abnormal body water balance as overhydration, with an extracellular fluid/total body water ratio [...] Read more.

In the present study, we examined the inter-relationships between body water balance, nutritional risk, sarcopenia, and outcome after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients who were living independently. We defined abnormal body water balance as overhydration, with an extracellular fluid/total body water ratio > 0.390. A geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) < 98 was considered low GNRI. Sarcopenia was defined according to the 2019 Asian Working Group for sarcopenia criteria. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score ≥ 3 at discharge. Among 111 eligible patients (40 females, median age: 77 years), 43 had a poor prognosis, 31 exhibited overhydration, 25 had low GNRI, and 44 experienced sarcopenia. Patients with poor outcomes had significantly higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, which were significantly more common with overhydration, low GNRI, and sarcopenia (p < 0.001 for all). Concomitant overhydration, low GNRI, and sarcopenia were associated with poorer outcomes. In multivariate analysis, overhydration [odds ratio (OR) 5.504, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.717–17.648; p = 0.004], age (OR 1.062, 95%CI 1.010–1.117; p = 0.020), and NIHSS score (OR 1.790, 95%CI 1.307–2.451; p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for poor outcome. The results indicated that the combination of overhydration, low GNRI, and sarcopenia predict poor outcomes following AIS. Overhydration was particularly associated with poor outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Nutrition)

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12 pages, 3042 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Has Beneficial Effects on Menopausal Symptoms by Enhancing Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Ovariectomized Mice

by Sung Jin Kim, Mi-Gi Lee, Joohwan Lee and Myoung-Sook Shin

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2164; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132164 - 8 Jul 2024

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Abstract

Existing hormone replacement therapy for menopause has drawbacks, necessitating new treatment agents. Silkworms have demonstrated estrogenic properties, offering promising alternatives. We assessed the therapeutic effects of freeze-dried silkworm powder (SWP) on menopausal symptoms using an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. The experimental design comprised [...] Read more.

Existing hormone replacement therapy for menopause has drawbacks, necessitating new treatment agents. Silkworms have demonstrated estrogenic properties, offering promising alternatives. We assessed the therapeutic effects of freeze-dried silkworm powder (SWP) on menopausal symptoms using an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. The experimental design comprised a sham surgery group (Sham), an OVX control group, a low-dose SWP group post-OVX (80 mg/kg, OVX-SWP-L), a high-dose SWP group post-OVX (160 mg/kg, OVX-SWP-H), and an estradiol treatment group post-OVX (OVX-E2). Treatments were administered orally thrice weekly over eight weeks; body weight was monitored weekly. The SWP-treated groups (SWP-L and SWP-H) exhibited less weight gain and increased uterine thickness than the OVX control. Molecular analyses demonstrated that SWP significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), ERK, and AKT. Furthermore, biochemical assays revealed reduced serum neutral lipids across all SWP treatment groups. Notably, HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the SWP-L group compared to the OVX group. Serum estradiol concentrations were elevated in all the SWP groups, with significant increases in the high-dose group. These findings indicate that SWP may promote the activation of estrogen receptor signaling and improve symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency during menopause. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional and Nutritional Foods and Human Health)

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Experimental schedules for evaluation of SWP on menopausal symptoms. Full article ">Figure 2
ABTS radical scavenging abilities of SWP. Results are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Quercetin used for positive control of radical scavenging activity. Full article ">Figure 3
Effect of SWP on uterine thickness and serum estradiol concentration in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice were orally administered the SWP (80 mg/kg or 160 mg/kg) or 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg) three times a week for eight weeks. (a) Representative images of the uterine tissue. (b) Quantification of uterine thickness. (c) Blood 17β-estradiol levels in mice. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test using Prism 5. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 5); # p < 0.001 compared to the Sham group and ** p < 0.01 compared to the OVX group. (c) Serum concentration of estradiol (pg/mL) measured using ELISA kit; # p < 0.001 vs. Sham group, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. OVX group. Full article ">Figure 4
Effect of SWP on the expression of ERα in uterine tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice were orally administered the SWP (80 mg/kg or 160 mg/kg) or 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg) three times a week for eight weeks. The uterine tissue was analyzed by immunoblotting. (a) Phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α in uterus tissues of ovariectomized mice. (b) p-ERα protein expression levels and total protein were verified with ImageJ software (version Java 8); ERα was used as a control. (c) mRNA expression of ERα was measured by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test using Prism 5. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 5); # p < 0.05 compared to the Sham group and * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared to the OVX group. Full article ">Figure 5
Effect of SWP on the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK in the uterine tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice were orally administered the SWP (80 mg/kg or 160 mg/kg) or 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg) three times a week for eight weeks. AKT, ERK, and β-actin were determined by immunoblotting. (a) Phosphorylation of AKT and ERK in uterine tissues of OVX mice. (b) AKT, ERK protein expression levels, and total protein were verified with Image J software. p-AKT and p-ERK protein expression levels and total protein were verified using Image J software. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test using Prism 5. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 5); # p < 0.05 compared to the Sham group and * p < 0.05 compared to the OVX group. Full article ">

10 pages, 881 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Alternative Nutritional Source Hawthorn Vinegar: How It Interacts with Protein, Glucose and GLP-1

by Nilay Seyidoglu, Deniz Karakçı, Hale Ergin Eğritağ and Seydi Yıkmış

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2163; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132163 - 8 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1212

Abstract

(1) Background: There is a balance between nutrition, glycemic control, and immune response. Their roles in physiological mechanisms are essential for maintaining life quality. This study aimed to evaluate hawthorn vinegar’s metabolic effects, and describe its possible mechanism. We also pointed out several [...] Read more.

(1) Background: There is a balance between nutrition, glycemic control, and immune response. Their roles in physiological mechanisms are essential for maintaining life quality. This study aimed to evaluate hawthorn vinegar’s metabolic effects, and describe its possible mechanism. We also pointed out several vinegar production methods to clarify the antioxidant features. (2) Methods: In the study, three vinegar techniques were applied to vinegar: traditional production of hawthorn vinegar (N), thermal pasteurization (P), and ultrasound method (U). Thirty-two female adult Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups: Control, N1 (regular vinegar; 1 mL/kg bw), P1 (pasteurized vinegar; 1 mL/kg bw), and U1(ultrasound treated vinegar; 1 mL/kg bw). Vinegar was administered by oral gavage daily for 45 days. Initial and final weights, the percentage changes of body weight gains, and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) values of plasma and liver were measured. The total protein, globulin, and albumin values of plasma, liver, and intestinal tissue were determined. In addition, plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose concentrations were evaluated. (3) Results: There was a statistical increase in total intestinal protein value and an increasing tendency in total protein in plasma and liver in group U1 compared to group Control. However, the GGT concentrations in plasma and liver were slightly lower in group U1 than in group Control. In addition, there were significant increases in plasma GLP-1 values in all experimental groups compared to the Control group (p: 0.015; 576.80 ± 56.06, 773.10 ± 28.92, 700.70 ± 17.05 and 735.00 ± 40.70; respectively groups control, N1, P1, and U1). Also, liver GLP-1 concentrations in groups P1 and U1 were higher than in group Control (p: 0.005; 968.00 ± 25.54, 1176 ± 17.54 and 1174.00 ± 44.06, respectively groups control, P1 and U1). On the other hand, significant decreases were found in plasma glucose concentrations in groups N1 and U1 as to the Control group (p: 0.02; Control: 189.90 ± 15.22, N1: 133.10 ± 7.32 and U1: 142.30 ± 4.14). Besides, liver glucose levels were lower in all experimental groups than in group Control statistically (p: 0.010; 53.47 ± 0.97, 37.99 ± 1.46, 44.52 ± 4.05 and 44.57 ± 2.39, respectively groups control, N1, P1, and U1). (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that hawthorn vinegar can balance normal physiological conditions via intestinal health, protein profiles, and glycemic control. Additionally, ultrasound application of vinegar may improve the ability of hawthorn vinegar, and have positive effects on general health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Dietary Bioactive Compounds)

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7 pages, 196 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Parental Neglect and Childhood Obesity Amidst COVID-19: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Health and Developmental Risks

by Silvia Cimino

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2162; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132162 - 7 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1551

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the mental health and developmental trajectories of children and adolescents, catalyzing a range of psychological and behavioral issues due to enforced lockdowns and other restrictions. This text explores these impacts through the lens of developmental psychopathology, which [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the mental health and developmental trajectories of children and adolescents, catalyzing a range of psychological and behavioral issues due to enforced lockdowns and other restrictions. This text explores these impacts through the lens of developmental psychopathology, which integrates clinical psychology and developmental science to examine the emergence and evolution of psychological disorders across a lifespan. This paper highlights how pandemic-related disruptions have exacerbated conditions such as anxiety and depression and, notably, increased childhood obesity due to changes in lifestyle and reductions in physical activity. The analysis includes a discussion of how isolation has not only restricted access to educational and psychological resources but also increased the risk of parental mental illness and related familial stress, thereby intensifying issues of neglect and their consequent impact on child health. By employing a developmental psychopathology framework, this paper argues for the necessity of targeted interventions that address these complex interplays of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Such interventions aim to support children through structured educational and health-oriented strategies, ensuring their well-being amidst the ongoing challenges posed by the pandemic. This approach underscores the importance of early, multifaceted strategies involving parents, educators, and healthcare providers to foster healthier developmental outcomes for children facing unprecedented global health crises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Intersection of Childhood Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Traumatic Experiences)

17 pages, 1059 KiB

Open AccessReview

Methods of Determining Energy Expenditure in Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Systematic Literature Review

by Anela Halilagic, Danielle K. Longmore, Heather Gilbertson and George Moschonis

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2161; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132161 - 7 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1533

Abstract

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare disorder characterised by varying nutritional phases that occur throughout the lifespan, ranging from failure to thrive to hyperphagia. If uncontrolled, the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure results in obesity development and increased morbidity and mortality risk. [...] Read more.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare disorder characterised by varying nutritional phases that occur throughout the lifespan, ranging from failure to thrive to hyperphagia. If uncontrolled, the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure results in obesity development and increased morbidity and mortality risk. Although measures of energy requirements for accurate nutrition assessment are vital, the evidence appears sparse and heterogeneous; hence, the aim of this review was to examine the available literature on energy expenditure predicted or measured using various methods in individuals with PWS. Studies were sought that presented methods and results on resting energy expenditure or basal metabolic rate. A narrative synthesis was completed to present the study characteristics and results. Methods of determining energy requirements included predictive equations and indirect calorimetry. Differences amongst ages, growth hormone therapy, fasting status, and measures in which results were presented were limitations to appropriately summarising and identifying trends in energy expenditure. Indirect calorimetry was identified as the most accurate method; however, it is not widely available in all settings. Further research is encouraged to support the development of valid and reliable predictive equations that will better inform and improve the efficiency of clinical practice in supporting people with PWS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Screening and Assessment of Different Populations)

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15 pages, 1164 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Usefulness of Body Fat and Visceral Fat Determined by Bioimpedanciometry versus Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Predicting Elevated Values of Different Risk Scales for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

by María Gordito Soler, Ángel Arturo López-González, Daniela Vallejos, Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá, María Teófila Vicente-Herrero and José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2160; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132160 - 7 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1397

Abstract

Background: Obesity constitutes a public health problem worldwide and causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (MALFD), the leading cause of liver disease in developed countries, which progresses to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. MAFLD is associated with obesity and can be evaluated by validated [...] Read more.

Background: Obesity constitutes a public health problem worldwide and causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (MALFD), the leading cause of liver disease in developed countries, which progresses to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. MAFLD is associated with obesity and can be evaluated by validated formulas to assess MAFLD risk using different parameters such as the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). However, these parameters do not accurately measure body fat. As MAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, we hypothesize that measuring body and visceral fat by electrical bioimpedance is an efficient method to predict the risk of MAFLD. The objective of our work was to demonstrate that electrical bioimpedance is a more efficient method than the BMI or WC to predict an elevated risk of MAFLD. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 8590 Spanish workers in the Balearic Islands was carried out. The study’s sample of employees was drawn from those who underwent occupational medicine examinations between January 2019 and December 2020. Five MAFLD risk scales were determined for evaluating very high levels of body fat and visceral fat. The determination of body and visceral fat was performed using bioimpedanciometry. Student’s t-test was employed to ascertain the mean and standard deviation of quantitative data. The chi-square test was used to find prevalences for qualitative variables, while ROC curves were used to define the cut-off points for body and visceral fat. The calculations included the area under the curve (AUC), the cut-off points along with their Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity. Correlation and concordance between the various scales were determined using Pearson’s correlation index and Cohen’s kappa, respectively. Results: As both total body fat and visceral fat increase, the risk of MAFLD increases with a statistically significant result (p < 0.001), presenting a higher risk in men. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the five scales that assess overweight and obesity to determine the occurrence of high values of the different MAFLD risk scales were very high, most of them exceeding 0.9. These AUC values were higher for visceral and body fat than for the BMI or waist circumference. FLD-high presented the best results in men and women with the AUC at around 0.97, both for visceral fat and total body fat, with a high Youden index in all cases (women body fat = 0.830, visceral fat = 0.892; men body fat = 0.780, visceral fat = 0.881). Conclusions: In our study, all the overweight and obesity scales show a very good association with the scales assessing the risk of MAFLD. These values are higher for visceral and body fat than for waist circumference and the BMI. Both visceral fat and body fat are better associated than the BMI and waist circumference with MAFLD risk scales. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Nutritional Management Strategies)

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14 pages, 11717 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Obesity Activity of Sanghuangporus vaninii by Inhibiting Inflammation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

by Jie Hao, Xinghui Jin, Zhige Li, Yanfeng Zhu, Lu Wang, Xue Jiang, Di Wang, Liangliang Qi, Dongxu Jia and Bo Gao

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2159; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132159 - 6 Jul 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1490

Abstract

Obesity is an unhealthy condition associated with various diseases characterized by excess fat accumulation. However, in China, the prevalence of obesity is 14.1%, and it remains challenging to achieve weight loss or resolve this issue through clinical interventions. Sanghuangpours vaninii (SPV) is a [...] Read more.

Obesity is an unhealthy condition associated with various diseases characterized by excess fat accumulation. However, in China, the prevalence of obesity is 14.1%, and it remains challenging to achieve weight loss or resolve this issue through clinical interventions. Sanghuangpours vaninii (SPV) is a nutritional fungus with multiple pharmacological activities and serves as an ideal dietary intervention for combating obesity. In this study, a long-term high-fat diet (HFD) was administered to induce obesity in mice. Different doses of SPV and the positive drug simvastatin (SV) were administered to mice to explore their potential anti-obesity effects. SPV regulated weight, serum lipids, and adipocyte size while inhibiting inflammation and hepatic steatosis. Compared with the vehicle-treated HFD-fed mice, the lowest decreases in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were 9.72%, 9.29%, and 12.29%, respectively, and the lowest increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 5.88% after treatment with different doses of SPV. With SPV treatment, the analysis of gut microbiota and serum lipids revealed a significant association between lipids and inflammation-related factors, specifically sphingomyelin. Moreover, Western blotting results showed that SPV regulated the toll-like receptor (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in HFD-diet mice, which is related to inflammation and lipid metabolism. This research presents empirical proof of the impact of SPV therapy on obesity conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Phytochemicals and Human Health)

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14 pages, 300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Association between Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults: Findings from the EvasCu Study

by Iris Otero-Luis, Alicia Saz-Lara, Nerea Moreno-Herráiz, Carla Geovanna Lever-Megina, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Isabel Antonia Martínez-Ortega, Rebeca Varga-Cirila and Iván Cavero-Redondo

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2158; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132158 - 6 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1368

Abstract

(1) Background: Previous evidence has indicated a connection between a Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease. However, evidence for subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease, such as arterial stiffness, is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the associations between adherence to [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Previous evidence has indicated a connection between a Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease. However, evidence for subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease, such as arterial stiffness, is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), as assessed by the MEDAS-14 questionnaire, and arterial stiffness, as assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity, in healthy adults and according to sex. (2) A cross-sectional study including 386 healthy participants was performed in the EVasCu study. Adjusted and unadjusted differences in adherence to the MD and arterial stiffness were determined using Student’s t test and ANCOVA for the total sample and according to sex. (3) Results: Our results showed that individuals with a high adherence to the MD had a greater arterial stiffness, both in the total sample and in females, although this difference was not significant after adjusting for possible confounding variables, such as age. (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicated that, in the unadjusted analyses, healthy subjects with a high adherence to the MD showed a greater arterial stiffness. When these analyses were adjusted, no significant differences were shown in a-PWv according to the categories of MD adherence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategies for Arterial Health)

13 pages, 253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating Water Balance as a Nutritional Determinant in Breastfeeding: A Comparative Study of Water Consumption Patterns and Influencing Factors

by Olga Malisova, Kyriaki Apergi, Emmanouil Niaos, Fotini Xenaki and Maria Kapsokefalou

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2157; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132157 - 6 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1374

Abstract

Background: Ensuring adequate hydration is critical for breastfeeding women, yet their water consumption patterns and hydration status is poorly understood. This study investigates the water consumption patterns and estimated water balance among women, practicing exclusive, mixed, and no breastfeeding methods. Methods: 529 healthy [...] Read more.

Background: Ensuring adequate hydration is critical for breastfeeding women, yet their water consumption patterns and hydration status is poorly understood. This study investigates the water consumption patterns and estimated water balance among women, practicing exclusive, mixed, and no breastfeeding methods. Methods: 529 healthy women completed the Nursing Water Balanced Questionnaire (N-WBQ). Participants were distributed across breastfeeding groups as follows: exclusive (39.7%), mixed (31.9%), and no breastfeeding (28.4%). Results: Significant differences were noted in water consumption patterns among breastfeeding groups regarding intake from beverages (p < 0.001), juices (p = 0.019), coffee (p < 0.001), and milk (p = 0.015). Water intake from liquids, except for drinking water (p < 0.001), juices (p = 0.024) and coffee (p < 0.001) differed significantly among groups in women with adequate total water intake based on recommendation, with exclusive breastfeeding mothers prioritizing plain water over other beverages. Total water loss (p < 0.001) and estimated water balance (p < 0.001) significantly varied among breastfeeding groups, with exclusive breastfeeding mothers to exhibit the lowest water balance (−475.36 mL/day), indicating potential dehydration risk. Apart from plain water, water from foods, coffee and milk significantly contributed to positive water balance. Conclusions: Our findings highlight a risk of dehydration in this population, while water consumption patterns are influenced by breastfeeding method, likely affected by varying lactational demands and lifestyle factors. Further research to develop more accurate and individualized methods for assessing water balance in breastfeeding women is needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maternal Nutrition during Preconception, Pregnancy, and Lactation and Its Impact on Offspring Health)

15 pages, 945 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effects of Lipoproteins on Metabolic Health

by Obaida Albitar, Crystal M. D’Souza and Ernest A. Adeghate

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132156 - 6 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4134

Abstract

Lipids are primarily transported in the bloodstream by lipoproteins, which are macromolecules of lipids and conjugated proteins also known as apolipoproteins. The processes of lipoprotein assembly, secretion, transportation, modification, and clearance are crucial components of maintaining a healthy lipid metabolism. Disruption in any [...] Read more.

Lipids are primarily transported in the bloodstream by lipoproteins, which are macromolecules of lipids and conjugated proteins also known as apolipoproteins. The processes of lipoprotein assembly, secretion, transportation, modification, and clearance are crucial components of maintaining a healthy lipid metabolism. Disruption in any of these steps results in pathophysiological abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, and cardiovascular diseases. By studying these genetic mutations, researchers can gain valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms that govern the relationship between protein structure and its physiological role. These lipoproteins, including HDL, LDL, lipoprotein(a), and VLDL, mainly serve the purpose of transporting lipids between tissues and organs. However, studies have provided evidence that apo(a) also possesses protective properties against pathogens. In the future, the field of study will be significantly influenced by the integration of recombinant DNA technology and human site-specific mutagenesis for treating hereditary disorders. Several medications are available for the treatment of dyslipoproteinemia. These include statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, niacin, PCSK9 inhibitors, evinacumab, DPP 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists GLP1RAs, GLP-1, and GIP dual receptor agonists, in addition to SGLT2 inhibitors. This current review article exhibits, for the first time, a comprehensive reflection of the available body of publications concerning the impact of lipoproteins on metabolic well-being across various pathological states. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Lipids and Lipoproteins on Metabolic Health)

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20 pages, 860 KiB

Open AccessReview

Polyphenols in Cereals: State of the Art of Available Information and Its Potential Use in Epidemiological Studies

by Donatella Bianca Maria Ficco, Katia Petroni, Lorenza Mistura and Laura D’Addezio

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2155; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132155 - 6 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1710

Abstract

Cereals are the basis of much of the world’s daily diet. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the beneficial properties of wholegrains due to their content of phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols. Despite this, the existing data on polyphenolic composition of cereal-based foods reported [...] Read more.

Cereals are the basis of much of the world’s daily diet. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the beneficial properties of wholegrains due to their content of phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols. Despite this, the existing data on polyphenolic composition of cereal-based foods reported in the most comprehensive databases are still not updated. Many cereal-based foods and phenolic compounds are missing, including pigmented ones. Observational epidemiological studies reporting the intake of polyphenols from cereals are limited and inconsistent, although experimental studies suggest a protective role for dietary polyphenols against cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Estimating polyphenol intake is complex because of the large number of compounds present in foods and the many factors that affect their levels, such as plant variety, harvest season, food processing and cooking, making it difficult matching consumption data with data on food composition. Further, it should be taken into account that food composition tables and consumed foods are categorized in different ways. The present work provides an overview of the available data on polyphenols content reported in several existing databases, in terms of presence, missing and no data, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of methods for assessing cereal polyphenol consumption. Furthermore, this review suggests a greater need for the inclusion of most up-to-date cereal food composition data and for the harmonization of standardized procedures in collecting cereal-based food data and adequate assessment tools for dietary intake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Composition and Dedicated Databases: Key Tools for Human Health and Public Nutrition (2nd Edition))

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11 pages, 628 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Maternal Weight Gain in Early Pregnancy with Healthy Live Offspring: Based on the China Birth Cohort Study

by Jingjing Wang, Simin Zhang, Qiao Li, Xiaowei Xiong and Qingqing Wu

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132154 - 6 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1186

Abstract

Background: Research on maternal weight gain in early pregnancy with healthy live offspring is lacking for Chinese women. Based on the China birth cohort study (CBCS), we aimed to explore maternal weight gain in different groups. Methods: Singleton pregnancies of 6 ^{+ 0} [...] Read more.

Background: Research on maternal weight gain in early pregnancy with healthy live offspring is lacking for Chinese women. Based on the China birth cohort study (CBCS), we aimed to explore maternal weight gain in different groups. Methods: Singleton pregnancies of 6 ^{+ 0}~13 ^{+ 6} weeks of gestation from the CBCS were considered, not including missing data or outliers, those lost at follow-up, or those with non-typical conditions of the offspring. Maternal first-trimester weight and body mass index (BMI) gain was considered as the early pregnancy weight minus the pre-pregnancy weight. Using Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation and linear regression models to explore the relationship between maternal weight and BMI gain and gestational age (GA), stratified and sensitivity analyses were carried out to identify the study’s robustness. Results: There were 25,292 singleton pregnancies with healthy live offspring who were ultimately enrolled, and there was a linear correlation between GA and maternal weight gain (=0.55 + 0.05 × GA (weeks), p < 0.001, r² = 0.002) and BMI change (=0.21 + 0.02 × GA (weeks), p < 0.001, r² = 0.002). The association remained robust in the stratified and sensitivity analyses of the subgroups. Conclusions: Although the association between GA and maternal pre-pregnancy weight and BMI gain is weak, a slight correlation was shown, especially in pregnant women with a typical or low pre-pregnancy BMI, Han ethnicity, moderate levels of physical activity, natural conception, and folic acid (FA) and/or multivitamin supplementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Nutrition)

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11 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Iodine Intake and Sources among Residents in Zhejiang Province 10 Years after Reducing Iodine Concentration in Iodized Salt

by Jiaxin He, Lichun Huang, Chenyang Liu, Zhe Mo, Danting Su, Simeng Gu, Fanjia Guo, Yuanyang Wang, Zhijian Chen, Xiaofeng Wang, Ronghua Zhang, Xiaoming Lou and Guangming Mao

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2153; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132153 - 5 Jul 2024

Viewed by 888

Abstract

We aimed to assess dietary iodine intake and sources in Zhejiang Province a decade after a reduction in iodine concentration in iodized salt. Three-day 24 h dietary recall and household weighing were used, complemented by “Chinese Food Composition” data. Household water and salt [...] Read more.

We aimed to assess dietary iodine intake and sources in Zhejiang Province a decade after a reduction in iodine concentration in iodized salt. Three-day 24 h dietary recall and household weighing were used, complemented by “Chinese Food Composition” data. Household water and salt samples were collected from 5890 residents and analyzed. Differences in iodized salt consumption rates were observed across the following regions: inland (84.20%), subcoastal (67.80%), and coastal (37.00%) areas. The median (P₂₅, P₇₅) iodine concentration in water and diet were 2.2 (0.9, 4.0) μg/L and 142.05 (58.94, 237.11) μg/d, respectively, with significant regional differences in dietary concentration (inland [185.61 μg/d], subcoastal [153.42 μg/d], and coastal [75.66 μg/d]). Males (149.99 μg/d) and iodized salt consumers (191.98 μg/d) had a significantly higher dietary iodine intake than their counterparts. Regions were ranked as follows based on the proportions of individuals meeting the recommended dietary iodine intake: inland (69.40%), subcoastal (56.50%), and coastal (34.10%) areas. Dietary sources included salt (48.54%), other foods (32.06%), drinking water (8.84%), laver (4.82%), kelp (3.02%), and other seafood (2.32%). The qualified iodized salt consumption rate was significantly lower than the national standard. Zhejiang Province should continue implementing measures to control iodine deficiency through salt iodization, education efforts, and increasing the qualified iodized salt consumption rate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)

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17 pages, 2708 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antihypertensive Potential of Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Implications

by Panagiotis Efentakis, Lydia Symeonidi, Despoina D. Gianniou, Eleni V. Mikropoulou, Panagiota Giardoglou, Dimitrios Valakos, Giannis Vatsellas, Maria Tsota, Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos, Ilias Smyrnioudis, Ioannis P. Trougakos, Maria Halabalaki, Georgios V. Dedoussis and Ioanna Andreadou

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2152; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132152 - 5 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1367

Abstract

Background: Hypertension poses a significant global health burden and is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Chios mastic gum (CMG), derived from Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia, shows potential as a phytotherapeutic agent, due to its multifaceted beneficial effects. However, its anti-hypertensive effects and vascular, [...] Read more.

Background: Hypertension poses a significant global health burden and is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Chios mastic gum (CMG), derived from Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia, shows potential as a phytotherapeutic agent, due to its multifaceted beneficial effects. However, its anti-hypertensive effects and vascular, circulatory, and renal-related dysfunction, have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we aimed to explore the antihypertensive potential of CMG, focusing on vascular and renal endothelium, in vivo. Methods: Two models of hypertension in male rats, induced by Angiotensin II and Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)–high-salt administration, were utilized. CMG was administered at 220 mg/kg daily for four weeks after hypertension onset and blood pressure was measured non-invasively. Whole blood RNA sequencing, metabolomics, real-time PCR, and Western blot analyses of kidney and aorta tissues were additionally performed. Results: CMG significantly lowered systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in both models. RNA sequencing revealed that CMG modulated immunity in the Angiotensin II model and metabolism in the DOCA–HS model. CMG downregulated genes related to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and upregulated endothelial markers such as Vegfa. Metabolomic analysis indicated improved endothelial homeostasis via lysophosphatidylinositol upregulation. Conclusions: CMG emerges as a potent natural antihypertensive therapy, demonstrating beneficial effects on blood pressure and renal endothelial function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Phytochemicals and Human Health)

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Chios mastic gum (CMG) resin analysis. HPLC-ELSD chromatogram of Chios mastic gum resin (CMG). Characteristic compounds are annotated. * Gray column corresponds to oleanonic acid (OA) and moronic acid (MA), green column corresponds to masticadienonic acid (MNA) whereas blue column corresponds to isomasticadienonic acid (IMNA). Full article ">Figure 2
CMG exerts antihypertensive effect in both AngII- and DOCA–HS-induced hypertension in vivo. (A) Representative workflow of the AngII model in rats and graphs of (B) systolic, (C) diastolic, and (D) mean blood pressure (mmHg) (n = 5/group). (E) Representative workflow of the DOCA–HS model in rats and graphs of (F) systolic, (G) diastolic, and (H) mean blood pressure (mmHg) (n = 6/group). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc analysis. AngII: angiotensin II, CMG: Chios mastic gum, DOCA: deoxycorticosterone acetate, HS: high salt. Full article ">Figure 3
CMG leads to the upregulation of Gzma and downregulation of Rhob, Txnip, and Egr1 in the circulation in both in vivo models of hypertension. Volcano plots of differentially regulated expressed genes (DEGs) in the (A) AngII and (B) DOCA–HS in vivo models prior to and after CMG administration (red indicates the significantly upregulated genes and blue the significantly downregulated genes; cut-offs for Volcano plot: p-value < 0.05 and Log2FC > 1.5 and <−1.5). Gene Ontology analysis (Biological Process) regarding the upregulated genes derived from the (C) AngII and (D) DOCA–HS in vivo models. Venn diagram comparing the (E) upregulated genes and (F) downregulated genes derived from AngII (red) and DOCA–HS (blue) models. AngII: angiotensin II, CMG: Chios mastic gum, DOCA: deoxycorticosterone acetate, HS: high salt. Egr1: early growth response 1, Fosb: G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 3, Gzma: granzyme A, Jun: AP-1 transcription factor subunit, Rhob: Ras homolog gene family member B, Txnip: thioredoxin interacting protein. Full article ">Figure 4
CMG increases lysophosphatidylinositol (20:4) in the circulation in both in vivo models of hypertension. Multivariate PLS-DA plots of identified circulatory metabolites in (A) the AngII (n = 5/group) and (B) the DOCA-HS (n = 6/group) in vivo models and heatmaps of identified metabolites in the (C) the AngII (n = 5/group) and (D) the DOCA-HS (n = 6/group). Unpaired, two-tailed t-test. * p < 0.05. CMG: Chios mastic gum, LysoPI: lysophosphatidylinositol, lysoPE: lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysoPC: lysophosphatidylcholine. Full article ">Figure 5
CMG increased antioxidant and endothelial targeted genes in the kidneys and aortas of the AngII- and DOCA–HS-induced in vivo models of hypertension. Heatmaps of Txn, Txnip, Vegfa, Egr1, and Rhob genes in the (A) kidney and (B) aorta of the AngII-treated rats. Heatmaps of Txn, Txnip, Vegfa, Egr1, and Rhob genes in the (C) kidney and (D) aorta, and graphs of the DOCA–HS-treated rats. Unpaired, two-tailed t-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. AngII: angiotensin II, CMG: Chios mastic gum, DOCA: deoxycorticosterone acetate, Egr1: Early growth response 1, HS: high salt, Rhob: Ras homolog gene family member B, Txn: thioredoxin, Txnip: thioredoxin interacting protein, Vegfa: vascular endothelial growth factor A. Full article ">Figure 6
CMG leads to renal eNOS phosphorylation in both in vivo models of hypertension. Representative Western blot images and relative densitometry analysis of phospho-Akt and phospho-eNOS in the (A) kidney and (B) aorta of the AngII-treated rats (n = 5/group) and (C) kidney and (D) aorta of the DOCA–HS treated rats (n = 6/group). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Unpaired, two-tailed t-test. * p < 0.05, **** p < 0.001, ns: not significant. Akt: protein kinase B, AngII: angiotensin II, CMG: Chios mastic gum, DOCA: deoxycorticosterone acetate, HS: high salt, eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Full article ">

14 pages, 3215 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Use of Polysaccharide AOP30 from the Rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance to Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Inflammation via the TLR4/NfκB Signaling Pathway in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

by Xuejing Jia, Yun Huang, Guanghuo Liu, Zipeng Li, Qiwei Tan and Saiyi Zhong

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2151; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132151 - 5 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1031

Abstract

Alpinia officinarum Hance is rich in carbohydrates and is flavored by natives. The polysaccharide fraction 30 is purified from the rhizome of A. officinarum Hance (AOP30) and shows excellent immunoregulatory ability when administered to regulate immunity. However, the effect of AOP30 on the [...] Read more.

Alpinia officinarum Hance is rich in carbohydrates and is flavored by natives. The polysaccharide fraction 30 is purified from the rhizome of A. officinarum Hance (AOP30) and shows excellent immunoregulatory ability when administered to regulate immunity. However, the effect of AOP30 on the intestinal epithelial barrier is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of AOP30 on the intestinal epithelial barrier using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction model and further explore its underlying mechanisms. Cytotoxicity, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values, and Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran flux are measured. Simultaneously, the protein and mRNA levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins, including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1, are determined using Western blotting and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods, respectively. The results indicate that AOP30 restores the LPS-induced decrease in the TEER value and cell viability. Furthermore, it increases the mRNA and protein expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1. Notably, ZO-1 is the primary tight junction protein altered in response to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial dysfunction. Additionally, AOP30 downregulates the production of TNFα via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate that AOP30 can be developed as a functional food ingredient or natural therapeutic agent for addressing intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. It sheds light on the role of AOP30 in improving intestinal epithelial function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Bioactive Compounds with Application Potentials in Nutraceuticals and Nutricosmetics: Focus on Mechanism of Action and Application Science)

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Effect of different concentrations of AOP30 (200, 400, and 800 μg/mL,), incubated alone (A) and co-incubated (B) with 1 μg/mL of LPS for 24 h, on cell viability in Caco-2 cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Bars with different superscript letters indicate significantly differences among the groups (p < 0.05). Full article ">Figure 1 Cont.
Effect of different concentrations of AOP30 (200, 400, and 800 μg/mL,), incubated alone (A) and co-incubated (B) with 1 μg/mL of LPS for 24 h, on cell viability in Caco-2 cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Bars with different superscript letters indicate significantly differences among the groups (p < 0.05). Full article ">Figure 2
Effect of different concentrations of AOP30 (200, 400, and 800 μg/mL) co-incubated with 1 μg/mL of LPS for 24 h on TEER value in Caco-2 cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD bars. with different superscript letters indicating significantly differences among the groups (p < 0.05). Full article ">Figure 3
Effect of different concentrations of AOP30 (200, 400, and 800 μg/mL), co-incubated with 1 μg/mL of LPS for 24 h, on FITC–dextran paracellular transport; briefly, FITC–dextran (4 kD) was added into the upper chamber for 3.5 h after being replaced with HBSS solution. Thus, Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability was evaluated by measuring FITC–dextran paracellular transport. Data are presented as mean ± SD bars, with different superscript letters indicating significantly difference among the groups (p < 0.05). Full article ">Figure 4
Effect of different concentrations of AOP30 (200, 400, and 800 μg/mL), co-incubated with 1 μg/mL of LPS for 24 h, on mRNA expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 in Caco-2 cells. GAPDH is used as an internal reference, data are presented as mean ± SD, and bars with differing superscript letters indicate significant differences among the groups (p < 0.05). Full article ">Figure 5
Effect of different concentrations of AOP30 (200, 400, and 800 μg/mL), co-incubated with 1 μg/mL of LPS for 24 h, on tight junction protein expression in Caco-2 cells. Western blotting analysis is conducted on the expression level of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 (A,B), and GAPDH is used as an internal reference. Data are presented as mean ± SD; bars with differing superscript letters indicate significant differences among the groups (p < 0.05). Full article ">Figure 6
Effect of different concentrations of AOP30 (200, 400, and 800 μg/m) co-incubated with 1 μg/mL of LPS for 24 h on the secretion of TNFα in Caco-2 cells, data are presented as mean ± SD, and bars with differing superscript letters indicate significant differences among the groups (p < 0.05). Full article ">Figure 7
The effect of different concentrations of AOP30 (200, 400, and 800 μg/mL co-incubated with 1 μg/mL of LPS for 24 h on TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in Caco-2 cells. Western blotting analysis is conducted on the expression level of TLR4 (A,B), and phospho-NF-κB p65 (A,C). GAPDH is used as an internal reference, data are presented as mean ± SD, and bars with differing superscript letters indicate significant differences among the groups (p < 0.05). Full article ">

12 pages, 265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, the Omega-3 Index in Pregnant Women, and Their Correlations with Gestational Length and Newborn Birth Weight

by Ksenija Nikolajeva, Olga Aizbalte, Roberta Rezgale, Vinita Cauce, Dzintars Zacs and Laila Meija

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2150; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132150 - 5 Jul 2024

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Abstract

Background: During pregnancy, the demand for omega-3 fatty acids, notably docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), escalates for both maternal and foetal health. Insufficient levels can lead to complications and can affect foetal development. This study investigated omega-3 status and its relation to dietary intake in [...] Read more.

Background: During pregnancy, the demand for omega-3 fatty acids, notably docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), escalates for both maternal and foetal health. Insufficient levels can lead to complications and can affect foetal development. This study investigated omega-3 status and its relation to dietary intake in pregnant Latvian women, along with its impact on gestational duration and newborn birth weight. Methods: The study comprised 250 pregnant and postpartum women with a mean age of 31.6 ± 4.8 years. Nutrition and omega-3 supplementation data were collected through a questionnaire covering 199 food items and 12 supplements. Fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids were analysed via gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Results: The median omega-3 fatty acid intake, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA from diet and supplements, was 0.370 g/day, which is deemed sufficient. However, the median weekly fish intake (126.0 g) and daily nut/seed intake (7.4 g) were insufficient. The median omega-3 supplement intake was 1.0 g/day. No correlation between omega-3 supplement intake and the omega-3 index was observed. There was a weak correlation between the DHA intake from fish and the omega-3 index (r = 0.126, p = 0.047), while a significant correlation between the total EPA and DHA intake from various sources and the omega-3 index was noted (r = 0.163, p = 0.01). Most women (61.6%) had an omega-3 index < 4%, while 34.8% had an index between 4 and 8%, and only 3.6% had an index > 8%. Notably, significant differences in EPA levels and the omega-3 index were found among respondents with differing infant birth weights (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The omega-3 intake during pregnancy adheres to the established guidelines, although fish consumption remains insufficient. A preconception evaluation of the omega-3 index is advocated to optimize prenatal intake. The indications suggest potential correlations between EPA levels, the omega-3 index, and infant birth weight. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Food Safety in Pregnancy)

14 pages, 755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effectiveness of Nutritional Interventions Implemented through Lady Health Workers on the Reduction of Stunting in Children under 5 in Pakistan: The Difference-in-Difference Analysis

by Khizar Ashraf, Tanvir M. Huda, Javeria Ikram, Shabina Ariff, Muhammad Sajid, Gul Nawaz Khan, Muhammad Umer, Imran Ahmed, Michael J. Dibley and Sajid Bashir Soofi

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2149; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132149 - 5 Jul 2024

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Abstract

In Pakistan, the 2018 National Nutrition Survey reported that 40% of children under five years old were stunted. This study assessed the effectiveness of nutritional supplementation in reducing stunting among children under five years old in two rural districts in Sindh, Pakistan. This [...] Read more.

In Pakistan, the 2018 National Nutrition Survey reported that 40% of children under five years old were stunted. This study assessed the effectiveness of nutritional supplementation in reducing stunting among children under five years old in two rural districts in Sindh, Pakistan. This was a mixed-method quasi-experimental study comprising intervention and control populations, with 3397 and 3277 children under five years old participating in the baseline and end-line surveys, respectively. The study areas were similar in terms of demographic and economic circumstances. In the intervention group, pregnant and lactating women (first six months post-partum) received wheat soy blend, children 6–23 months old received Wawamum (lipid-based supplement), and children 24–59 months old received micronutrient powders, all through lady health workers. This was underpinned by nutrition behaviour change communication for appropriate complementary feeding practices and hygiene promotion targeted at primary caregivers. The control group received no intervention. The impact was assessed using the difference-in-difference analysis with kernel propensity score matching to adjust the differences among the control and intervention populations. The overall DID analysis indicated that the intervention did not significantly reduce the prevalence of stunting (under 5 years) [DID = −5.1, p = 0.079]. The adjusted DID indicated a significant decrease of 13% [DID = −13.0, p = 0.001] in the number of stunted children 24–59 months of age at the endline survey. A significant reduction in underweight among children 24–59 months old was also observed (DID = −9.4%, p = 0.014). In conclusion, this evidence further establishes that nutrient uptake through an intervention for a short duration cannot effectively reduce stunting. It requires continuous nutritional supplementation for mothers during the pregnancy and an initial six months of lactation and then nutritional supplementation for children 6–59 months of age underpinned by effective behaviour change communication targeting mothers and other caregivers for improving complementary feeding practices and hygiene promotion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Nutrition)

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18 pages, 25697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gastroprotective Effect of Isoferulic Acid Derived from Foxtail Millet Bran against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury by Enhancing GALNT2 Enzyme Activity

by Xiaoqin La, Xiaoting He, Jingyi Liang, Zhaoyan Zhang, Hanqing Li, Yizhi Liu, Ting Liu, Zhuoyu Li and Changxin Wu

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2148; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132148 - 5 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1157

Abstract

Excessive alcohol consumption has led to the prevalence of gastrointestinal ailments. Alleviating gastric disorders attributed to alcohol-induced thinning of the mucus layer has centered on enhancing mucin secretion as a pivotal approach. In this study, foxtail millet bran polyphenol BPIS was divided into [...] Read more.

Excessive alcohol consumption has led to the prevalence of gastrointestinal ailments. Alleviating gastric disorders attributed to alcohol-induced thinning of the mucus layer has centered on enhancing mucin secretion as a pivotal approach. In this study, foxtail millet bran polyphenol BPIS was divided into two components with MW < 200 D and MW > 200 D by molecular interception technology. Combined with MTT, cell morphology observation, and trypan blue staining, isoferulic acid (IFA) within the MW < 200 D fraction was determined as the effective constituent to mitigate ethanol-induced damage of gastric epithelial cells. Furthermore, a Wistar rat model with similar clinical features to alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury was established. Then, gastric morphological observation, H&E staining, and assessments of changes in gastric hexosamine content and gastric wall binding mucus levels were carried out, and the results revealed that IFA (10 mg/Kg) significantly ameliorated alcohol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Finally, we applied techniques including Co-IP, molecular docking, and fluorescence spectroscopy and found that IFA inhibited the alcohol-induced downregulation of N-acetylgalactosamintransferase 2 (GALNT2) activity related to mucus synthesis through direct interaction with GALNT2 in gastric epithelial cells, thus promoting mucin synthesis. Our study lays a foundation for whole grain dietary intervention tailored to individuals suffering from alcoholic gastric mucosal injury. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics)

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14 pages, 1145 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Total Gestational Weight Gain Is Explained by Leptin and Body Fat, Regardless of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Other Adipokines, in Mexican Adolescents

by Gabriela Chico-Barba, Reyna Sámano, Hugo Martínez-Rojano, Rosa María Morales-Hernández, Edgar Barrientos-Galeana, Andrea Luna-Hidalgo, Martha Kaufer-Horwitz, Gregorio T. Obrador and Antonio Rafael Villa-Romero

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2147; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132147 - 5 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1347

Abstract

Pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) is a predictor of gestational weight gain (GWG). However, other factors, such as adipokines and inflammation markers, may also be associated with GWG. The aim of the study was to determine the association of leptin, adiponectin, irisin, and [...] Read more.

Pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) is a predictor of gestational weight gain (GWG). However, other factors, such as adipokines and inflammation markers, may also be associated with GWG. The aim of the study was to determine the association of leptin, adiponectin, irisin, and C-reactive protein, with GWG in adolescents. A longitudinal study was conducted from 2018 to 2023 in adolescents with a clinically healthy pregnancy. The assessments included sociodemographic and clinical data, pBMI, percent of body fat, serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, irisin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and total GWG adequacy. Cox regression models were performed, the outcome variables were inadequate and excessive GWG. In 198 participants, being overweight/obesity was marginally associated with a protective effect against inadequate GWG (HR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.18–1.06), regardless of maternal characteristics and adipokines. Leptin (HR = 1.014, 95%CI = 1.008–1.021), and body fat percent (HR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.05–1.17) were associated with a higher risk of excessive GWG, independent of other maternal variables such as pBMI, while adiponectin was associated with a lower risk. These findings suggest that, in Mexican adolescents, adipose tissue and its adipokines during pregnancy may play a more significant role in the final GWG than body weight. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Nutrition on Maternal Health, Fetal Development and Perinatal Outcomes)

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16 pages, 301 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinically Relevant Topics and New Tendencies in Childhood Nutrition during the First 2 Years of Life: A Survey among Primary Care Spanish Paediatricians

by Ana Martín-Adrados, Amalio Fernández-Leal, Jorge Martínez-Pérez, Jesús Delgado-Ojeda and Alicia Santamaría-Orleans

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2146; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132146 - 5 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1303

Abstract

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 experienced Spanish paediatricians, who completed an online survey based on clinically relevant topics in nutrition during the first two years of life and their recommendations to parents in daily clinical practice. Most participants advise about [...] Read more.

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 experienced Spanish paediatricians, who completed an online survey based on clinically relevant topics in nutrition during the first two years of life and their recommendations to parents in daily clinical practice. Most participants advise about the choking risk associated with baby-led weaning (BLW) and more than 60% consider that infants can receive an insufficient variety and quantity of nutrients with this practice. The general opinion is that there is a lack of evidence for delaying the introduction of gluten and other allergenic foods in the complementary feeding of healthy infants. Most participants agree/strongly agree that two servings of dairy products are the adequate daily amount in a diversified diet and 93.4% disagree/strongly disagree with the use of vegetal beverages under 1 year of life. There is a general agreement to avoid added salt and sugar before 12 months of life, the consideration that organic foods do not have a better nutritional profile than non-organic ones, and the limitations of vegetarian diets especially for adequate provision of micronutrients. Overall, there is an adequate knowledge of the new trends by paediatricians and younger ones seemed more in favor of them and interested in receiving more information on most topics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Association between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases)

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16 pages, 4445 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Placental Vitamin D Metabolism and Neonatal Vitamin D Status

by Anna Louise Vestergaard, Matilde Kanstrup Andersen, Helena Hørdum Andersen, Krista Agathe Bossow, Pinar Bor and Agnete Larsen

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2145; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132145 - 5 Jul 2024

Viewed by 2174

Abstract

Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency (25-hydroxy-vitamin D < 50 nmol/L) is common in pregnancy and associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. High-dose vitD supplementation is suggested to improve pregnancy health, but there is limited knowledge about the effects on placental vitD [...] Read more.

Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency (25-hydroxy-vitamin D < 50 nmol/L) is common in pregnancy and associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. High-dose vitD supplementation is suggested to improve pregnancy health, but there is limited knowledge about the effects on placental vitD transport and metabolism and the vitD status of newborns. Comparing the current standard maternal supplementation, 10 µg/day to a 90 µg vitD supplement, we investigated placental gene expression, maternal vitD transport and neonatal vitD status. Biological material was obtained from pregnant women randomized to 10 µg or 90 µg vitD supplements from week 11–16 onwards. Possible associations between maternal exposure, neonatal vitD status and placental expression of the vitD receptor (VDR), the transporters (Cubilin, CUBN and Megalin, LRP2) and the vitD-activating and -degrading enzymes (CYP24A1, CYP27B1) were investigated. Maternal vitD-binding protein (VDBP) was determined before and after supplementation. Overall, 51% of neonates in the 10 µg vitD group were vitD-deficient in contrast to 11% in the 90 µg group. High-dose vitD supplementation did not significantly affect VDBP or placental gene expression. However, the descriptive analyses indicate that maternal obesity may lead to the differential expression of CUBN, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 and a changed VDBP response. High-dose vitD improves neonatal vitD status without affecting placental vitD regulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal and Infant Health and Disease)

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12 pages, 3725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Blood Lead Mediates the Relationship between Biological Aging and Hypertension: Based on the NHANES Database

by Cuixiao Wang, Jinming Su, Jinmiao Li, Wenfei Wei, Zongxiang Yuan, Rongfeng Chen, Wudi Wei, Youjin Huang, Li Ye, Hao Liang and Junjun Jiang

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2144; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132144 - 5 Jul 2024

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Abstract

Hypertension remains a major global public health crisis due to various contributing factors, such as age and environmental exposures. This study delves into exploring the intricate association between biological aging, blood lead levels, and hypertension, along with examining the mediating role of blood [...] Read more.

Hypertension remains a major global public health crisis due to various contributing factors, such as age and environmental exposures. This study delves into exploring the intricate association between biological aging, blood lead levels, and hypertension, along with examining the mediating role of blood lead levels in the relationship between biological aging and hypertension. We analyzed data from two cycles of the NHANES, encompassing 4473 individuals aged 18 years and older. Our findings indicate that biological aging potentially escalates the risk of hypertension and the incidences of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) abnormalities. Utilizing weighted quantile sum (WQS) and quantile g-computation (QGC) model analyses, we observed that exposure to heavy metal mixtures, particularly lead, may elevate the likelihood of hypertension, SBP, and DBP abnormalities. Further mediation analysis revealed that lead significantly mediated the relationship between biological aging and hypertension and between biological aging and SBP abnormalities, accounting for 64% (95% CI, 49% to 89%) and 64% (95% CI, 44% to 88%) of the effects, respectively. These outcomes emphasize the criticality of implementing environmental health measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Nutrition)

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Flow chart of the population included in this study. Full article ">Figure 2
Sample density curves of lead concentrations among participants. (A) nonhypertension and hypertension; (B) normal SBP and abnormal SBP; (C) normal DBP and abnormal DBP. Full article ">Figure 3
Association between PhenoAgeAccel and hypertension, SBP, and DBP. Full article ">Figure 4
The weights of each blood heavy metal in positive WQS model regression. (A) Hypertension; (B) SBP; (C) DBP. Full article ">Figure 5
RCS model of blood lead levels and risks of hypertension, SBP, and DBP. (A) Hypertension; (B) SBP; (C) DBP. Full article ">Figure 6
Mediation effects of estimated blood lead on the associations of PhenoAgeAccel with hypertension, SBP, and DBP. Notes: ACME, average causal mediation effects (indirect effect); ADE, average direct effects. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. (A) Hypertension; (B) SBP; (C) DBP. Full article ">

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Nutrients, Volume 16, Issue 13 (July-1 2024) – 199 articles

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