Sustainability

25 pages, 4244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding Dual Effects of Social Network Services on Digital Well-Being and Sustainability: A Case Study of Xiaohongshu (RED)

by Qingyue Wu, Lei Gu, Mingxiao Zhang and Huimei Liu

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6709; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156709 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2408

Abstract

Social networking services (SNSs) address estrangement in cyberspace through their communication, recognition, and resonance features, yet they simultaneously generate new forms of alienation. This dual effect can both advance and hinder sustainability. This phenomenon is particularly evident in Xiaohongshu (RED), a platform widely [...] Read more.

Social networking services (SNSs) address estrangement in cyberspace through their communication, recognition, and resonance features, yet they simultaneously generate new forms of alienation. This dual effect can both advance and hinder sustainability. This phenomenon is particularly evident in Xiaohongshu (RED), a platform widely used in China and beyond, which has evolved from providing consumption guidance to facilitating lifestyle sharing. This paper utilizes Hartmut Rosa’s Resonance Theory to explore resonance and alienation within RED, examining the multifaceted impact of SNSs on digital well-being and sustainability through qualitative methodologies, including netnography and thematic analysis. The study reveals that RED fosters material, spiritual, and social resonance, thereby enhancing digital well-being and sustainability. However, RED also generates alienation in these dimensions, which can impede sustainability. Moreover, the resonance and alienation generated by the RED platform affect not only its own sustainability but also broader environmental, social, economic, and cultural sustainability. Theoretically, this study constructs a sociological framework integrating resonance and alienation within SNSs to interpret digital well-being and sustainability. Practically, it offers recommendations for promoting sustainable practices among SNSs, addressing material, spiritual, and social dimensions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Wellbeing and Sustainability)

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19 pages, 4400 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Rural Classification and Resilience Evaluation Based on PSR Model: A Case Study of Lvshunkou District, Dalian City, China

by Jing Wang, Ying Wang and Geng Lin

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6708; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156708 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1395

Abstract

When implementing a rural revitalization strategy, it is of great significance to understand how to identify potential risks in different types of villages and how to achieve resilience governance. In this paper, a rural classification evaluation method is proposed from the perspective of [...] Read more.

When implementing a rural revitalization strategy, it is of great significance to understand how to identify potential risks in different types of villages and how to achieve resilience governance. In this paper, a rural classification evaluation method is proposed from the perspective of resilience. The stress–state–response model and the TOPSIS method were used to analyze the resilience risks in different types of villages in Lvshunkou District. The results showed that the comprehensive resilience of rural areas in Lvshunkou District has the spatial distribution characteristics of “high center and low wings”, and the spatial differences of each resilience subsystem are different: the pressure resilience subsystem shows a trend of “increasing step by step” from the coast to the inland, the state resilience subsystem shows a trend of “decreasing step by step from the center to the two wings”, and the response resilience subsystem shows a trend of “blocky aggregation and balanced distribution”. This paper further proposes systematic reconstruction strategies for rural resilience related to the four aspects of rural space, industry, ecology, and governance, providing development ideas for measuring rural resilience indicators in Lvshunkou District and realizing long-term governance in different types of villages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Rural Resiliencies Challenges, Resistances and Pathways)

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17 pages, 244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Government Environmental Expenditure, Budget Management, and Regional Carbon Emissions: Provincial Panel Data from China

by Ziru Tang, Zenglian Zhang and Wenyueyang Deng

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6707; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156707 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1412

Abstract

To explore the impact of government fiscal intervention on regional carbon emissions, this paper employs a two-way fixed-effects model to analyze data from 30 provinces in China, spanning the period from 2008 to 2017. This study investigates the effects of local government environmental [...] Read more.

To explore the impact of government fiscal intervention on regional carbon emissions, this paper employs a two-way fixed-effects model to analyze data from 30 provinces in China, spanning the period from 2008 to 2017. This study investigates the effects of local government environmental expenditure and government budget on the per capita volume, intensity, and performance of regional carbon emissions. The results show that government environmental expenditure is beneficial to reducing regional carbon emissions and improving regional carbon emission performance. Second, the smaller the deviation between the government budget and final accounts, the more conducive it is to reducing carbon emissions. Third, we found that government environmental expenditure has the strongest inhibitory effect on regional carbon emissions in the eastern region, followed by the central region, and the weakest in the western region. Finally, government financial transparency positively moderates the inhibitory effect of government budget management on regional carbon emissions, that is, when fiscal transparency is high, the amplification effect of budget deviation on regional carbon emissions is weakened. Full article

25 pages, 1026 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Two-Way Perspectives and Attitudes about Environmentally Friendly Agro-Food Production and Consumption: An Empirical Survey for Greece

by Aggeliki Ketelni, Christos Karelakis, Eleni Zafeiriou, Maria Pappas and Kalliope Papadopoulou

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6706; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156706 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1539

Abstract

Relying on pesticides to safeguard crops has led to pest resistance and detrimental environmental and health consequences. Many integrated pest management programs focus on producers’ decision-making processes when selecting and implementing pest management interventions. Alternative approaches such as integrated pest management and biological [...] Read more.

Relying on pesticides to safeguard crops has led to pest resistance and detrimental environmental and health consequences. Many integrated pest management programs focus on producers’ decision-making processes when selecting and implementing pest management interventions. Alternative approaches such as integrated pest management and biological control have been implemented to address these challenges, with Greece as the research area. A quantitative study was oriented to consumers and producers to investigate their views on the effectiveness of pesticides, aiming to assess whether these perspectives influence their attitudes toward adopting pest management practices. Primary data were gathered through structured questionnaires to consumers and producer associations (focusing on tomatoes, olives, and citrus fruits) and analyzed through multivariate methods. The findings unveiled varying preferences and concerns regarding plant protection tools, with considerations such as product effectiveness, method awareness, and sustainability. Specifically, the study revealed aspects like the popularity and demand for specific plant protection tools, the knowledge of these experts about products and pest control methods, and their stance on sustainable agriculture and environmental aspects of pest control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Policy as a Tool for Sustainable Development)

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45 pages, 3994 KiB

Open AccessReview

Integrating Perishables into Closed-Loop Supply Chains: A Comprehensive Review

by Mobin Zarreh, Mohammad Khandan, Alireza Goli, Adel Aazami and Sebastian Kummer

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6705; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156705 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4747

Abstract

In an era where sustainability and efficient resource utilization are paramount, the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) emerges as a critical approach, particularly in the context of perishable goods. The perishability of products adds a layer of complexity to supply chain management, necessitating innovative [...] Read more.

In an era where sustainability and efficient resource utilization are paramount, the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) emerges as a critical approach, particularly in the context of perishable goods. The perishability of products adds a layer of complexity to supply chain management, necessitating innovative strategies for maximizing product life and minimizing waste. This comprehensive review article delves into the integration of perishable products within the framework of CLSC. The study thoroughly examines existing research to identify gaps and outline future research directions. It emphasizes the unique challenges and complexities of managing perishable goods, a crucial but often overlooked component in sustainable supply chain practices. The review highlights the balance between efficiency and sustainability, underscoring the importance of reverse logistics and circular economy principles in enhancing supply chain resilience. By synthesizing various methodologies and findings, the article presents a holistic view of the current state of perishable product management in CLSCs, offering valuable insights for academia and industry practitioners. The study not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of CLSCs, but also proposes practical approaches for their optimization, aligning with broader sustainability goals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Management Strategies and Practices—2nd Edition)

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29 pages, 9160 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Green Multimodal Transport Schemes Considering Order Consolidation under Uncertainty Conditions

by Pei Zhu, Xiaolong Lv, Quan Shao, Caijin Kuang and Weiwang Chen

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6704; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156704 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1722

Abstract

As society becomes increasingly concerned with sustainable development, the demand for high-efficiency, low-cost, and green technology makes air–land multimodal transportation one of the effective means of fast freight transportation. In the actual transportation business, some orders will have overlapping transportation routes, and transporting [...] Read more.

As society becomes increasingly concerned with sustainable development, the demand for high-efficiency, low-cost, and green technology makes air–land multimodal transportation one of the effective means of fast freight transportation. In the actual transportation business, some orders will have overlapping transportation routes, and transporting each order separately will result in resource waste, high costs, and carbon emissions. This paper proposes a multimodal transportation scheme optimization model considering order consolidation to improve transport efficiency and reduce costs and carbon emissions. An improved genetic algorithm incorporating the ride-sharing scheduling method is designed to solve the model. The results show that order consolidation will reduce multimodal transport costs and carbon emissions but increase transportation time slightly, and the advantages in cost and carbon emission reduction will vary with origin–destination scenarios, which are ranked in order of single-origin single-destination, single-origin multi-destinations, multi-origin single-destination, and multi-origin multi-destination. For the fourth scenario, the cost and carbon emissions decrease by 16.6% and 26.69%, respectively, and the time increases by 5.56% compared with no consolidation. For the sensibility of customer demands, it is found that order consolidation has the advantage for price-sensitive, time- and price-sensitive, and time- and carbon emission-sensitive customers; however, it is specifically beneficial for time-sensitive customers only in single-origin single-destination scenarios. Full article

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6 pages, 158 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Earthquake Engineering Technology and Its Application

by Su Chen, Chong Xu and Shuang Li

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6703; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156703 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1340

Abstract

Recent earthquakes, such as the Osaka–Kobe earthquake (1995) and the Wenchuan earthquake (2008), have challenged earthquake engineering and its application [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Engineering Technology and Its Application)

17 pages, 863 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Advancing Sustainable Nutrition: Enhancing Physical and Nutritional Qualities of Cookies with Apple Pomace Extrudates

by Jovana Petrović, Dušan Rakić, Biljana Pajin, Ivana Lončarević, Antun Jozinović, Dragana Šoronja-Simović, Ivana Nikolić, Jana Zahorec, Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov and Marijana Sakač

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6702; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156702 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1183

Abstract

Apple pomace is a by-product of the apple processing industry and can be used for various uses such as animal feed, for composting, or to extract valuable compounds such as pectin or antioxidants. In recent years, it has also gained attention as a [...] Read more.

Apple pomace is a by-product of the apple processing industry and can be used for various uses such as animal feed, for composting, or to extract valuable compounds such as pectin or antioxidants. In recent years, it has also gained attention as a potential food ingredient due to its fibre content and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three parameters: the percentage of wheat flour replaced by extrudate (5%, 10%, and 15%), the percentage of apple pomace in the extrudate (15%, 30%, and 45% based on the mass of corn grits), and the particle size of the extrudate (<250 µm; 250–1000 µm; 1000–2000 µm) on the properties of cookies, using the Box–Behnken experimental design. The addition of extrudates enriched with apple pomace significantly increased the total fibre and ash content of the cookies. The hydroxymethylfurfural content also increased, but not above the permitted limits (25 mg/kg). The sensory quality was strongly influenced by the particle size, especially the hardness, graininess, and appearance of the cookies. The addition of extrudate led to a darker colour of the cookies and a significant increase in the proportion of red tones, but generally had no negative influence on the acceptability of the cookies and their microbiological stability during the 6-month storage period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Food)

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21 pages, 4810 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Economic Viability of Direct Current Fast Charging Infrastructure Investments for Electric Vehicles in the United States

by Daniel Bernal, Adeeba A. Raheem, Sundeep Inti and Hongjie Wang

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6701; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156701 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1971

Abstract

As the global transportation sector increasingly adopts electric vehicles, the demand for advanced and accessible charging infrastructure is rising. In addition to at-home electric vehicle (EV) charging, there is a growing need for the swift development of commercial direct current fast charging (DCFC) [...] Read more.

As the global transportation sector increasingly adopts electric vehicles, the demand for advanced and accessible charging infrastructure is rising. In addition to at-home electric vehicle (EV) charging, there is a growing need for the swift development of commercial direct current fast charging (DCFC) stations to meet on-the-go EV charging demands. While government funds are available to support the expansion of the EV charging network in the United States, the establishment of a robust nationwide EV charging infrastructure requires significant private sector investment. This study was conducted to assess the economic feasibility of various business models for fast charging stations in the U.S. using two case studies and exploring different operational strategies including sole ownership and collaborative ventures with public and private entities. The results indicate that based on the current adoption and utilization rates in the U.S., the business model involving an owner-operator collaborating with a public partner ensures profitability and protects the investment in DCFC stations from financial losses. The study also highlights that demand charges and electricity retail prices are the factors that affect the profitability of a DCFC station. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

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13 pages, 4291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impacts of Dams on Streamflow in Tributaries to the Lower Mekong Basin

by Romduol Khoeun, Ratha Sor, Kimsan Chann, Sophea Rom Phy, Chantha Oeurng and Ty Sok

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6700; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156700 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1972

Abstract

The Lower Mekong Basin has had extensive hydropower dam development, which changes its hydrologic conditions and threatens the exceptional aquatic biodiversity. This study quantifies the degree of hydrologic change between pre-impact (1965–1968) and post-impact (2018–2021) peak hydropower development in two major tributaries of [...] Read more.

The Lower Mekong Basin has had extensive hydropower dam development, which changes its hydrologic conditions and threatens the exceptional aquatic biodiversity. This study quantifies the degree of hydrologic change between pre-impact (1965–1968) and post-impact (2018–2021) peak hydropower development in two major tributaries of the Lower Mekong Basin—the Sekong River, with the fewest dams, and the Sesan River, with the most dams. Both rivers have historically supported migratory fishes. We used daily pre- and post-impact data and the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration framework to evaluate streamflow changes from dam development. We found significant changes in low- and high-magnitude flows in the pre- and post-impact periods of dam development. For the Sekong River, minimum flow had large fluctuations, with increases of 290% to 412% compared to the pre-impact period, while the Sesan River’s minimum flow ranged from 120% to 160% more than pre-impact. Dry season flows increased by 200 ± 63% on average in the Sekong River, which was caused by releases from upstream dams. Meanwhile, the Sesan River’s dry season flows increased by 100 ± 55% on average. This study indicates that seasonal flow changes and extreme flow events occurred more frequently in the two basins following dam construction, which may threaten the ecosystem’s function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Hydrological Studies and Ecological Sustainability)

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21 pages, 1752 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Robust-mv-M-LSTM-CI: Robust Energy Consumption Forecasting in Commercial Buildings during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Tan Ngoc Dinh, Gokul Sidarth Thirunavukkarasu, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Saad Mekhilef and Alex Stojcevski

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6699; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156699 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1041

Abstract

The digitalization of the global landscape of electricity consumption, combined with the impact of the pandemic and the implementation of lockdown measures, has required the development of a precise forecast of energy consumption to optimize the management of energy resources, particularly in pandemic [...] Read more.

The digitalization of the global landscape of electricity consumption, combined with the impact of the pandemic and the implementation of lockdown measures, has required the development of a precise forecast of energy consumption to optimize the management of energy resources, particularly in pandemic contexts. To address this, this research introduces a novel forecasting model, the robust multivariate multilayered long- and short-term memory model with knowledge injection (

Robust - mv - M - LSTM - CI

), to improve the accuracy of forecasting models under uncertain conditions. This innovative model extends the capabilities of

mv - M - LSTM - CI

by incorporating an additional branch to extract energy consumption from adversarial noise. The experiment results show that

Robust - mv - M - LSTM - CI

demonstrates substantial improvements over

mv - M - LSTM - CI

and other models with adversarial training: multivariate multilayered long short-term memory (adv-M-LSTM), long short-term memory (adv-LSTM), bidirectional long short-term memory (adv-Bi-LSTM), and linear regression (adv-LR). The maximum noise level from the adversarial examples is 0.005. On average, across three datasets, the proposed model improves about 24.01% in mean percentage absolute error (MPAE), 18.43% in normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), and 8.53% in

R^{2}

over

mv - M - LSTM - CI

. In addition, the proposed model outperforms “adv-” models with MPAE improvements ranging from 35.74% to 89.80% across the datasets. In terms of NRMSE, improvements range from 36.76% to 80.00%. Furthermore,

Robust - mv - M - LSTM - CI

achieves remarkable improvements in the

R^{2}

score, ranging from 17.35% to 119.63%. The results indicate that the proposed model enhances overall accuracy while effectively mitigating the potential reduction in accuracy often associated with adversarial training models. By incorporating adversarial noise and COVID-19 case data, the proposed model demonstrates improved accuracy and robustness in forecasting energy consumption under uncertain conditions. This enhanced predictive capability will enable energy managers and policymakers to better anticipate and respond to fluctuations in energy demand during pandemics, ensuring more resilient and efficient energy systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Smart Buildings, Energy Storage, and Sustainable Energy Engineering)

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23 pages, 8605 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Forces of Production-Living-Ecological Space in Arid Ecological Transition Zone Based on Functional and Structural Perspectives: A Case Study of the Hexi Corridor

by Xianglong Tang, Leshan Cai and Pengzhen Du

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6698; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156698 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1327

Abstract

The rational allocation of land resources is crucial to ensuring human well-being, livelihood, and survival. The study of Production-Living-Ecological Space (PLES) provides new perspectives on land resource allocation. However, few studies have assessed the feasibility of PLES optimization in ecological transition zones. For [...] Read more.

The rational allocation of land resources is crucial to ensuring human well-being, livelihood, and survival. The study of Production-Living-Ecological Space (PLES) provides new perspectives on land resource allocation. However, few studies have assessed the feasibility of PLES optimization in ecological transition zones. For this study, using the composite functional space classification method, a classification and functional utility scoring system were constructed. Various methods, including dynamic attitude, transfer matrix, and spatial autocorrelation, were employed to characterize the evolution of the quantity and quality of PLES in the Hexi Corridor. Moreover, the mechanisms driving these changes were explored using a geodetector. Our findings revealed that: (1) The distribution of Production-Ecological Space (PES) is higher in the west and south and lower in the east and north. Production-Living Space (PLS) is scattered. Ecological-Production Space (EPS) is mostly distributed in the south or west, whereas Ecological Space (ES) is mainly located in the north and west of the Hexi Corridor. (2) From 1980 to 2020, the area of PES and PLS increased by 2037.84 km² and 673 km², respectively; the area of EPS was relatively stable, and the area of ES decreased by 2523.06 km². (3) The evolution of PLES quality indicated that the high functional utility area of PES and PLS was roughly the same as the expanded functional utility area, whereas the expanded functional utility area of EPS and ES is similar to the median functional utility area. (4) The spatiotemporal evolution of PLES is closely linked to natural, economic, and social factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographical Information Research for Eco-Environment Sustainable Development)

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Figure 1
Map of the Hexi Corridor in the year 2020. (a) is the map of China; (b) is the DEM of the Hexi Corridor; and (c) shows the land use of the Hexi Corridor. (Land use data from CNLUCC, DEM data from the European Space Agency, administrative boundaries from the National Geomatics Center of China). Full article ">Figure 2
Spatial pattern of PLES from 1980 to 2020. Figures (a,b) represent Dunhuang and Yumen, respectively, located in the north of the Hexi Corridor; Figures (c–f) are Jiayuguan, Suzhou, Ganzhou, and Shandan, located in the middle of the Hexi Corridor; Figures (g,h) are located in the south of the Hexi Corridor, encompassing Gulang, Jinchuan, and Minqin. Full article ">Figure 3
Spatial transformation of PLES. Figures (a,b) represent Dunhuang and Yumen, respectively, located in the north of the Hexi Corridor; Figures (c–f) are Jiayuguan, Suzhou, Ganzhou, and Shandan, located in the middle of the Hexi Corridor; Figures (g,h) are located in the south of the Hexi Corridor, encompassing Gulang, Jinchuan, and Minqin. Full article ">Figure 4
Spatial pattern of PLES in the Hexi corridor. Full article ">Figure 5
Results of factor detectors. Full article ">Figure 6
Results of interaction detectors. Full article ">

16 pages, 3569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Altitude-Shifted Climate Variables Dominate the Drought Effects on Alpine Grasslands over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

by Xiangtao Wang, Zhigang Hu, Ziwei Zhang, Jiwang Tang and Ben Niu

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6697; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156697 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1092

Abstract

Drought has broad and deep influences on ecosystem dynamics and functions, particularly considering the lagged and cumulative effects of drought. Yet the individual role of climate variables in mediating such drought effects on vegetation remains largely unknown. Based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation [...] Read more.

Drought has broad and deep influences on ecosystem dynamics and functions, particularly considering the lagged and cumulative effects of drought. Yet the individual role of climate variables in mediating such drought effects on vegetation remains largely unknown. Based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the standard precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), here, we investigated the patterns and mechanisms of drought effects on alpine grasslands in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) from 1982 to 2015. Drought imposed widespread lagged and cumulative impacts on alpine grasslands with notable spatial heterogeneity, showing that the southwestern and northeastern parts of the plateau were more sensitive and responded quickly to drought. Further, drought effects showed an evident elevation dependence across different grassland types, which could be explained by altitudinal shifts in climatic factors, including temperature and precipitation. Precipitation was the dominant factor in drought effects on alpine meadows, while temperature dominated the drought impacts on the alpine steppes. Such a divergent dominant factor implied that there would be different vegetation responses to future climate change among diverse types of alpine grasslands. To maintain the sustainability of alpine grassland, more effort should be applied to alpine steppes regarding pasture management, particularly in response to extreme drought due to warmer climates in the future. Full article

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Figure 1
Spatial distributions of vegetation types, elevation, and climate variables on the alpine grasslands of the QTP: (a) alpine grassland types; (b) elevation; (c,d) average air temperature and total precipitation of growing season from 1982 to 2015. Full article ">Figure 2
Spatial patterns of the maximum correlation coefficients ((a) Rmax_lag) and corresponding months ((b) lagged month) between the NDVI and the 1-month SPEI and the preceding 1 to 24 months from 1982 to 2015. Inset in (a) represents the pixels with significant correlation coefficients with p < 0.05 (red: positive; blue: negative). Full article ">Figure 3
Spatial distributions of the maximum correlation coefficients ((a) Rmax_cml) and corresponding months ((b) accumulated month) between the 1-to-24-month SPEI and the NDVI from 1982 to 2015. Inset in (a) represents the pixels with significant correlation coefficients with p < 0.05 (red: positive; blue: negative). Full article ">Figure 4
Relationships between timescales (lagged and accumulated months) of drought effects and elevation during the growing season. Relationships between lagged months and elevation on alpine meadows (a) and the alpine steppe (b); relationships between accumulated months and elevation in alpine meadows (c) and the alpine steppe (d). The error bars and shade denote the standard errors and 95% confidence interval of regression fitting. Full article ">Figure 5
Relationships between timescales (lagged and accumulated months) of drought effects and temperature during the growing season. Relationships between lagged months and temperature in alpine meadows (a) and the alpine steppe (b); relationships between accumulated months and temperature in alpine meadows (c) and the alpine steppe (d). The error bars and shade denote the standard errors and 95% confidence interval of regression fitting. Full article ">Figure 6
Relationships between timescales (lagged and accumulated months) of drought effects and precipitation during the growing season. Relationships between lagged months and precipitation in alpine meadows (a) and the alpine steppe (b); relationships between accumulated months and precipitation in alpine meadows (c) and the alpine steppe (d). The error bars and shade denote the standard errors and 95% confidence interval of regression fitting. Full article ">Figure 7
Relative contributions of elevation, temperature, and precipitation to timescales of drought effects on grassland NDVI. Relative contributions of predicting variables to lagged months in alpine meadows (a) and the alpine steppe (b). Relative contributions of prediction variables to accumulated months in alpine meadows (c) and the alpine steppe (d). Full article ">

32 pages, 3410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Data Analytics and Machine Learning Approach to Develop a Technology Roadmap for Next-Generation Logistics Utilizing Underground Systems

by Seok Jin Youn, Yong-Jae Lee, Ha-Eun Han, Chang-Woo Lee, Donggyun Sohn and Chulung Lee

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6696; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156696 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1560

Abstract

The increasing density of urban populations has spurred interest in utilizing underground space. Underground logistics systems (ULS) are gaining traction due to their effective utilization of this space to enhance urban spatial efficiency. However, research on technological advancements in related fields remains limited. [...] Read more.

The increasing density of urban populations has spurred interest in utilizing underground space. Underground logistics systems (ULS) are gaining traction due to their effective utilization of this space to enhance urban spatial efficiency. However, research on technological advancements in related fields remains limited. To address this gap, we applied a data-driven approach using patent data related to the ULS to develop a technology roadmap for the field. We employed Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a machine learning-based topic modeling technique, to categorize and identify six specific technology areas within the ULS domain. Subsequently, we conducted portfolio analytics to pinpoint technology areas with high technological value and to identify the major patent applicants in these areas. Finally, we assessed the technology market potential by mapping the technology life cycle for the identified high-value areas. Among the six technology areas identified, Topic 1 (Underground Material Handling System) and Topic 4 (Underground Transportation System) showed significant patent activity from companies and research institutions in China, the United States, South Korea, and Germany compared to other countries. These areas have the top 10 patent applicants, accounting for 20.8% and 13.6% of all patent applications, respectively. Additionally, technology life cycle analytics revealed a growth trajectory for these identified areas, indicating their rapid expansion and high innovation potential. This study provides a data-driven methodology to develop a technology roadmap that offers valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and policymakers in the ULS industry and supports informed decision-making regarding the field’s future direction. Full article

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4 pages, 165 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Sustainable Agriculture and Agri-Food

by Silvia Lisciani

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6695; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156695 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1750

Abstract

Food production has an adverse impact on the environment [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agriculture and Agri-Food)

16 pages, 254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Front-of-House and Back-of-House Manager Perceptions, Attitudes, and Motivations of Restaurant Food Waste Mitigation: A Qualitative Study

by Sorcha O’Neill, Mark Traynor, Imran Rahman and Yee Ming Lee

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6694; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156694 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1660

Abstract

This qualitative study explored and compared the perceptions, attitudes, and motivations towards restaurant food waste mitigation among front-of-house (FOH) and back-of-house (BOH) restaurant managers. Semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted with FOH (n = 6) and BOH (n = 7) managers at restaurants in [...] Read more.

This qualitative study explored and compared the perceptions, attitudes, and motivations towards restaurant food waste mitigation among front-of-house (FOH) and back-of-house (BOH) restaurant managers. Semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted with FOH (n = 6) and BOH (n = 7) managers at restaurants in the southeast of the United States. The findings indicated that the participants were highly aware of restaurant food waste and its contribution to food waste; furthermore, they displayed negative sentiments towards it. Additionally, most participants’ awareness was heightened upon acquiring foodservice management positions. Cost reduction was found to be the primary motivation to reduce food waste among most participants; however, most BOH participants were highly motivated by an appreciation for and involvement with the food itself. Guided by the Upper Echelons Theory, the findings provide insight into the underlying cognitive base and values behind restaurant managers’ perceptions, attitudes, and motivations towards restaurant food waste mitigation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in detail. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Food Waste Management in Foodservice Establishments (2nd Edition))

13 pages, 1573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Sustainable Development in Community Welfare and Economic Resilience to Extreme Weather in Indonesia

by Resa Septiani Pontoh, Valerie Vincent Yang, Ginta Yufendi Laura, Rahma Ariza Riantika, Restu Arisanti, Sri Winarni and Farhat Gumelar

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6693; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156693 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1112

Abstract

In recent decades, Indonesia has experienced a surge in natural disasters, resulting in increased casualties and disruptions to economic growth and welfare. This study investigates the impact of various types of natural disasters, focusing on how economic growth (measured by provincial GDP) and [...] Read more.

In recent decades, Indonesia has experienced a surge in natural disasters, resulting in increased casualties and disruptions to economic growth and welfare. This study investigates the impact of various types of natural disasters, focusing on how economic growth (measured by provincial GDP) and welfare levels (measured by the Human Development Index, HDI) influence the number of victims affected by extreme weather. Data on gross regional domestic product and the Human Development Index for each province in Indonesia were obtained from Statistics Indonesia. We employed multivariable negative binomial regression to analyze the relationships between the number of victims affected by extreme weather, provincial HDI, and provincial GDP. The results indicate significant correlations between provincial GDP, HDI, and the number of victims. Higher HDI correlates with fewer victims, whereas higher GDP is associated with an increase in victims. Additionally, we used the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) method, identifying two clusters as the optimal model. Cluster 1 comprises 31 provinces, while Cluster 2 comprises 3 provinces, with the latter highlighting the provinces with the highest disaster risk. Consequently, provinces such as West Java, Central Java, and East Java require heightened attention from various stakeholders involved in disaster management efforts. By examining these relationships, our study contributes to the understanding of sustainable development and resilience against natural disasters. It underscores the importance of improving welfare and economic policies to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather events. Full article

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18 pages, 2556 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation of Groundwater Dissolved Organic Carbon in Yufu River Basin during Artificial Recharge: Improving through the SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D Reaction Module

by Xiaotao Hong, Xuequn Chen, Kezheng Xia, Wenqing Zhang, Zezheng Wang, Dan Liu, Shuxin Li and Wenjing Zhang

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6692; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156692 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1163

Abstract

To keep groundwater levels stable, Jinan’s government has implemented several water management measures. However, considerable volumes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) can enter groundwater via water exchange, impacting groundwater stability. In this study, a SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D model designed specifically for the Yufu River Basin [...] Read more.

To keep groundwater levels stable, Jinan’s government has implemented several water management measures. However, considerable volumes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) can enter groundwater via water exchange, impacting groundwater stability. In this study, a SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D model designed specifically for the Yufu River Basin is developed, and part of the code of the RT3D module is modified to simulate changes in DOC concentrations in groundwater under different artificial recharge scenarios. The ultimate objective is to offer valuable insights into the effective management of water resources in the designated study region. The modified SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D model simulates the variations of DOC concentration in groundwater under three artificial recharge scenarios, which are (a) recharged by Yellow River water; (b) recharged by Yangtze River water; and (c) recharged by Yangtze River and Yellow River water. The study shows that the main source of groundwater DOC in the basin is exogenous water. The distribution of DOC concentration in groundwater in the basin shows obvious spatial variations due to the influence of infiltration of surface water. The area near the upstream riverbank is the earliest to be affected. With the prolongation of the artificial recharge period, the DOC concentration in groundwater gradually rises from upstream to downstream, and from both sides of the riverbank to the surrounding area. By 2030, the maximum level of DOC in the basin will exceed 6.20 mg/l. The Yellow River water recharge scenario provides more groundwater recharge and less DOC input than the other two scenarios. The findings of this study indicate that particularly when recharge water supplies are enhanced with organic carbon, DOC concentrations in groundwater may alter dramatically during artificial recharge. This coupled modeling analysis is critical for assessing the impact of recharge water on groundwater quality to guide subsequent recharge programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Critical Issues in Groundwater Pollution Monitoring and Risk Warning)

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Location of the Yufu River basin and its delineation in SWAT, including subbasin division, digital elevation model (DEM), river network, and artificial recharge points. Full article ">Figure 2
Hydrogeologic profile of the strong seepage zone of the Yufu River [<a href="#B26-sustainability-16-06692" class="html-bibr">26</a>]. Full article ">Figure 3
Geographical inputs for HRU definition in SWAT: (a) soil types (b) land use and (c) slope classes. Full article ">Figure 4
Data transfer process for coupled model. Full article ">Figure 5
Differences in average daily groundwater recharge (a) and DOC concentrations (b) due to leeching in the basin. Full article ">Figure 6
Changes in groundwater DOC concentrations (a) and water levels (b) at different locations in the basin during artificial recharge (the observation point is close to the river if the lines are solid, and it is distant from the river if the lines are dashed). (c) Distribution of groundwater DOC concentration in the basin at the end of artificial recharge period. Full article ">Figure 7
Distribution of DOC concentration in groundwater in 2030 under different water recharge scenarios: (a) recharged by Yellow River water; (b) recharged by Yangtze River water; and (c) recharged by Yangtze River and Yellow River water. Full article ">Figure 8
Distribution of nitrate (a) and bicarbonate (b) concentration in groundwater. Full article ">

20 pages, 296 KiB

Open AccessProtocol

A Protocol of Prevention and Protection Measures on New Occupational Risk Factors in Green Jobs in Italian Workplaces

by Ermanno Vitale, Pietro Salvago, Andrea Filippo Campanella and Luigi Cirrincione

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6691; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156691 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1377

Abstract

The Green Transition aims to protect the health of our planet through changes at the economic, political, and social levels while also having a significant impact on the world of work through the creation of sustainable occupations, referred to as ‘Green Jobs’. The [...] Read more.

The Green Transition aims to protect the health of our planet through changes at the economic, political, and social levels while also having a significant impact on the world of work through the creation of sustainable occupations, referred to as ‘Green Jobs’. The aim of our research was to identify the new emerging occupational risks associated with Green Jobs and to propose a protocol to promote the adoption of more appropriate prevention and protection measures. Starting with a few keywords chosen by the authors, we conducted a narrative review of the scientific articles published in the literature. The results obtained show that the new occupational risks emerging in the activities involved in the green transition are mainly related to the introduction of new materials or new technologies and to modes of production processes. These risks may pose a danger to those exposed to them on a daily basis, causing damage to health. Our protocol proposal calls for a more careful and adequate risk assessment for Green Jobs, providing specific training on these issues for new professionals in the sector and introducing specific prevention and protection measures for the different occupational risks analysed in the workplace. By adopting these recommendations in the workplace and conducting in-depth research on these issues, it will be possible to contribute to the improvement of prevention and protection for these new emerging occupational risks, achieving a positive economic impact and better safety conditions for workers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Employment: Occupational Environment Exposure and Its Effects on Workers' Health)

17 pages, 536 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strategic Planning and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study on the Manufacturing Sector

by Kawar Mohammed Mousa, Khairi Ali Auso Ali and Sabahat Gurler

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6690; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156690 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 3437

Abstract

In this research, the primary goal was to investigate the relationship between strategic planning and organizational performance in Iraq’s manufacturing context. This study’s primary data sources were 360 manager respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from manufacturing firms located [...] Read more.

In this research, the primary goal was to investigate the relationship between strategic planning and organizational performance in Iraq’s manufacturing context. This study’s primary data sources were 360 manager respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from manufacturing firms located throughout Iraq. To analyze the results, the researchers used descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. SPSS version 16 software was used to conduct data analysis. The results reveal that the process of strategic planning has a beneficial effect on financial performance. Environmental scanning has a statistically significant positive effect on a company’s nonfinancial performance. Management participation and planning formality positively and statistically significantly affect a business’s nonfinancial performance at the 10 percent level. The domain of strategy and technique does not impact a company’s nonfinancial performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Finance and Business Administration in Sustainability)

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16 pages, 1944 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Sensitivity Analysis of an Improved Harmony Search Algorithm with a Multiple Memory Structure for Large-Scale Optimization Problems in Water Distribution Networks

by Ho-Min Lee, Ali Sadollah, Young-Hwan Choi, Jin-Gul Joo and Do-Guen Yoo

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6689; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156689 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1075

Abstract

The continuous supply of drinking water for human life is essential to ensure the sustainability of cities, society, and the environment. At a time when water scarcity is worsening due to climate change, the construction of an optimized water supply infrastructure is necessary. [...] Read more.

The continuous supply of drinking water for human life is essential to ensure the sustainability of cities, society, and the environment. At a time when water scarcity is worsening due to climate change, the construction of an optimized water supply infrastructure is necessary. In this study, an improved version of the Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA), named the Maisonette-type Harmony Search Algorithm (MTHSA), was developed. Unlike the HSA, the MTHSA has a two-floor structure, which increases the optimizing efficiency by employing multiple explorations on the first floor and additional exploitations of excellent solutions. Parallel explorations enhance the ability in terms of exploration (global search), which is the tendency to uniformly explore the entire search space. Additional exploitations among excellent solutions also enhance the ability of local searches (effective exploitation), which is the intensive exploration of solutions that seem to have high possibilities. Following the development of the improved algorithm, it was applied to water distribution networks in order to verify its efficiency, and the numerical results were analyzed. Through the considered applications, the improved algorithm is shown to be highly efficient when applied to large-scale optimization problems with large numbers of decision variables, as shown in comparison with the considered optimizers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)

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28 pages, 1205 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Improvement of Logistics Management in China: A Study of the Risk Perspective

by Qing Su, Yangyan Shi, Yangfei Gao, Tiru Arthanari and Mengmeng Wang

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6688; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156688 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2654

Abstract

This paper identifies and empirically validates the potential risks in overseas third-party logistics services that support sustainable cross-border e-commerce logistics in China. This research addresses a significant gap in the current literature by conducting a comprehensive literature review and case study, primarily focusing [...] Read more.

This paper identifies and empirically validates the potential risks in overseas third-party logistics services that support sustainable cross-border e-commerce logistics in China. This research addresses a significant gap in the current literature by conducting a comprehensive literature review and case study, primarily focusing on third-party logistics services’ benefits without adequately discussing the associated risks. Our study highlights the medium and high risks in forwarding and contracting processes, such as cost uncertainty, quality issues, and cultural and language differences. The findings contribute to academic research and practical applications by providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for enhancing logistics management in China’s sustainable cross-border e-commerce. This research promotes the resilience and sustainability of cross-border e-commerce supply chains and offers valuable insights for overseas 3PL service providers looking to expand their operations in China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Innovation in Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2nd Edition)

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25 pages, 5802 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Looking Back Deeper, Recovering up Better: Resilience-Oriented Contrarian Thinking about COVID-19 Economic Impact

by Xiaochen Lin, Hai Long and Yu Chen

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6687; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156687 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1322

Abstract

In the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak, a vast majority of research predicted its potential economic impacts based on various possible scenarios, believing that looking forward earlier and recovering better. In contrast, through contrarian thinking from an economic recovery perspective, this study [...] Read more.

In the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak, a vast majority of research predicted its potential economic impacts based on various possible scenarios, believing that looking forward earlier and recovering better. In contrast, through contrarian thinking from an economic recovery perspective, this study empirically investigates the direct impact of COVID-19 on China’s economy. This reveals that China’s economy experiences a V-shaped recovery; it is in the recovery process and will achieve the pre-pandemic level in the coming years. Consumption, international trade, and investment indicators are synchronously recovering, which may be attributed to the fact that the pandemic has had little impact on China’s economy, although it remarkably hits national consumption, international trade, and investment that are less interrupted. Empirical evidence shows that the pandemic is unlikely to alter China’s industrial structure, as it has primarily affected the service and manufacturing sectors while leaving agriculture relatively unaffected. In light of these findings, China’s economy is facing challenges beyond the pandemic. By adopting a recovery-oriented contrarian approach, we can better identify the dynamic consequences and optimize economic strategies to mitigate potential long-term impacts on sustainable economic growth. These insights may also help guide economic recovery efforts in other developing countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economic and Social Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic)

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16 pages, 4037 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Water and Wastewater Management in Production Processes of PGE Energia Ciepła SA Branch 1 in Krakow in Light of Company Modernization

by Zbigniew Kowalczyk and Wojciech Winiarski

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6686; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156686 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 971

Abstract

Electricity production requires a very high water consumption. One way to reduce water demand in power plants might be effective wastewater recycling within the power plant, which can lead to almost zero wastewater discharge. The study aims to characterize the functioning of the [...] Read more.

Electricity production requires a very high water consumption. One way to reduce water demand in power plants might be effective wastewater recycling within the power plant, which can lead to almost zero wastewater discharge. The study aims to characterize the functioning of the water and wastewater management system before and after the modernization of a wastewater treatment installation owned by an electricity and heat producer using biomass and other solid fuels. The scope of work covered one of the largest energy companies in Poland: PGE Energia Ciepła SA Branch 1 in Krakow. Water management and the effectiveness of wastewater treatment installation modernization were assessed in terms of the BAT (Best Available Techniques) conclusions. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of changes in the quality parameters of wastewater after the modernization of the wet flue gas desulfurization installation. The research results prove that the modernization of the company’s water and wastewater system significantly reduced the emission of harmful substances into the environment and water consumption. After modernization, an effective reduction in the content of heavy metals and other pollutants in the wastewater was observed. A decrease in the content of cadmium was observed by 99%, nickel—96%, mercury—95%, and copper—83%. Full article

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Diagram of the water and wastewater system at PGE Energia Ciepła in Krakow. Source: own elaboration based on [<a href="#B46-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">46</a>]. Full article ">Figure 2
Scheme of the decarbonization system for raw water from the Białucha River. Source: own elaboration based on [<a href="#B47-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">47</a>,<a href="#B48-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">48</a>]. Full article ">Figure 3
Diagram of the decarbonized water filtration system. Source: own elaboration based on [<a href="#B47-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">47</a>,<a href="#B48-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">48</a>]. Full article ">Figure 4
Diagram of the water deionization and demineralization system. Source: own elaboration based on [<a href="#B47-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">47</a>,<a href="#B48-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">48</a>]. Full article ">Figure 5
Scheme of the wastewater treatment installation no. 1. Source: own elaboration based on [<a href="#B47-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">47</a>,<a href="#B48-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">48</a>]. Full article ">Figure 6
Diagram of the wet flue gas desulfurization treatment installation before modernization. Source: own elaboration based on [<a href="#B46-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">46</a>]. Full article ">Figure 7
Diagram of the wet flue gas desulfurization treatment installation after modernization. Source: own elaboration based on [<a href="#B46-sustainability-16-06686" class="html-bibr">46</a>]. Full article ">

30 pages, 2444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of a Digital Marketing Orientation on Business Performance

by Simona-Valentina Pașcalău, Felix-Angel Popescu, Gheorghina-Liliana Bîrlădeanu and Iza Gigauri

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6685; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156685 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4085

Abstract

Customer relationship management (CRM) has become increasingly important as a result of the pressure organizations are under to remain competitive. CRM has been and is widely promoted as essential to a company’s ability to survive. According to this study, CRM is more than [...] Read more.

Customer relationship management (CRM) has become increasingly important as a result of the pressure organizations are under to remain competitive. CRM has been and is widely promoted as essential to a company’s ability to survive. According to this study, CRM is more than just a computer program or software package. We believe that for organizations to use CRM effectively, it must be viewed from a strategic point of view. Therefore, this study focuses on the consequences of digital marketing on business performance, specifically, the consequences of customer relationship orientation and the use of CRM technologies as a support for analysis, data integration, and access on business performance. This study addresses a contemporary and relevant research problem that has national and international relevance. The research is based on quantitative methods to test hypotheses. Data were gathered from 73 organizations. The findings show the relationships between CRM and customer satisfaction, market effectiveness, and profitability. Customer relationship orientation positively affects customer satisfaction, market effectiveness, and market profitability. CRM technologies significantly improve business performance. This research contributes to the existing knowledge by shedding light on the complex relationships among CRM, customer relationship orientation, market effectiveness, market profitability, and customer satisfaction. Based on the research results, we provide practical recommendations for managers and decision makers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

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21 pages, 18853 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Wuhan’s Carbon Stocks and Their Spatial Distributions in 2050 under Multiple Projection Scenarios

by Yujie Zhang, Xiaoyu Wang, Lei Zhang, Hongbin Xu, Taeyeol Jung and Lei Xiao

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6684; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156684 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1418

Abstract

Urbanization in the 21st century has reshaped carbon stock distributions through the expansion of cities. By using the PLUS and InVEST models, this study predicts land use and carbon stocks in Wuhan in 2050 using three future scenarios. Employing local Moran’s I, we [...] Read more.

Urbanization in the 21st century has reshaped carbon stock distributions through the expansion of cities. By using the PLUS and InVEST models, this study predicts land use and carbon stocks in Wuhan in 2050 using three future scenarios. Employing local Moran’s I, we analyze carbon stock clustering under these scenarios, and the Getis–Ord Gi* statistic identifies regions with significantly higher and lower carbon-stock changes between 2020 and 2050. The results reveal a 2.5 Tg decline in Wuhan’s carbon stock from 2000 to 2020, concentrated from the central to the outer city areas along the Yangtze River. By 2050, the ecological conservation scenario produced the highest carbon stock prediction, 77.48 Tg, while the economic development scenario produced the lowest, 76.4 Tg. High-carbon stock-change areas cluster in the north and south, contrasting with low-change area concentrations in the center. This research provides practical insights that support Wuhan’s sustainable development and carbon neutrality goals. Full article

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19 pages, 2559 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Face Mask Usage and Environmental Impact in Asian Cities during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Chang Liu, Chen Liu, Yasuhiko Hotta and Dwayne Appleby

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6683; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156683 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1887

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in face mask demand, resulting in increased face mask waste and environmental impacts. This study investigates mask usage patterns and the environmental impacts of single-use and cloth masks across three phases: pre-COVID-19, COVID-19, and the [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in face mask demand, resulting in increased face mask waste and environmental impacts. This study investigates mask usage patterns and the environmental impacts of single-use and cloth masks across three phases: pre-COVID-19, COVID-19, and the new normal. A comprehensive survey conducted in five cities across four Asian countries reveals a surge in mask usage during COVID-19 (6.81 pieces/week), followed by a decline in the new normal (3.73 pieces/week), though usage remained higher than pre-COVID-19 levels (1.46 pieces/week). For single-use masks, age significantly impacts usage in all cities, while gender and education level affect usage in Shanghai, Harbin, and Depok. Household income influences mask use in Shanghai and Harbin. For cloth masks, education level significantly correlates with usage in most cities. The study highlights the significant environmental impact of mask use, particularly in densely populated urban areas. Switching to cloth masks for one year could reduce carbon footprints by 44.27–81.9 million kgCO₂eq, decrease solid waste by 34.81–52.41 million kg, and reduce microplastic emissions by 6.50 to 15.56 trillion particles in the first 24 h after disposal. However, this transition may increase water usage by 1.73–1.86 billion m³H₂Oeq. The study also offers policy recommendations on mask usage and disposal. Full article

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26 pages, 1692 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Developing a Strategic Methodology for Circular Economy Roadmapping: A Theoretical Framework

by Halidu Abu-Bakar and Fiona Charnley

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6682; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156682 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2947

Abstract

In response to the pressing need for effective implementation of the Circular Economy (CE), this research introduces a comprehensive theoretical framework for CE roadmapping. This study addresses the prevalent issue of fragmented and inconsistent CE strategies that often hinder the successful translation of [...] Read more.

In response to the pressing need for effective implementation of the Circular Economy (CE), this research introduces a comprehensive theoretical framework for CE roadmapping. This study addresses the prevalent issue of fragmented and inconsistent CE strategies that often hinder the successful translation of long-term goals into achievable KPIs. Through a carefully designed methodology, this framework incorporates strategic management, systems thinking, sustainability science, and other disciplines, providing a structured approach to navigating the complexities of long-term planning for CE. The foundation for this framework is laid through an extensive review of the literature, which identifies theoretical gaps and guides its development. Practical insights are gained through an examination of various CE roadmaps, including sectoral, municipal, national, and regional strategies, thereby enhancing this framework’s applicability and robustness. This research highlights substantial variations in current CE roadmapping methods, emphasizing the need for a standardized approach. While acknowledging limitations due to the diverse contexts of the case studies, this study offers significant implications for policymakers, business leaders, and sustainability practitioners by presenting a versatile tool for strategic CE planning. Its interdisciplinary construction mirrors the multifaceted nature of CE, rendering it exceptionally adaptable across various disciplines and levels, reflecting the diverse reality of CE applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

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18 pages, 447 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability Measures of the Apparel Industry: A Longitudinal Analysis of Apparel Corporations’ Sustainability Efforts

by Lance Cheramie and Mahendran Balasubramanian

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6681; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156681 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 3289

Abstract

Climate change is a paramount challenge of our era, with profound implications for various sectors, including the apparel industry, known for its extensive environmental footprint throughout the entire clothing lifecycle. This study assesses the industry’s carbon emission trends using six years of data [...] Read more.

Climate change is a paramount challenge of our era, with profound implications for various sectors, including the apparel industry, known for its extensive environmental footprint throughout the entire clothing lifecycle. This study assesses the industry’s carbon emission trends using six years of data (2017–2022) focusing on Scope 1 and Scope 2. Employing a one-way repeated measures ANOVA, this study evaluates the impact of sustainability strategies on emissions. The results indicate a notable decrease in Scope 2 and overall carbon emissions, while Scope 1 emissions remain relatively unchanged despite a downward trend. These findings underscore the success of current sustainability measures in reducing emissions, especially in Scope 2, and highlight the need for ongoing and intensified efforts in Scope 1 areas. This research offers valuable insights into the apparel industry’s environmental impact, emphasizing the critical role of continued strategic actions in addressing climate change. Full article

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18 pages, 8656 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining Energy Poverty among Vulnerable Women-Led Households in Urban Housing before and after COVID-19 Lockdown: A Case Study from a Neighbourhood in Madrid, Spain

by Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches and Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6680; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156680 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1313

Abstract

People with lower incomes often live in homes with poor thermal properties, making it difficult for them to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. This vulnerability is closely related to the quality and maintenance of housing, which negatively affects indoor environmental comfort, especially in [...] Read more.

People with lower incomes often live in homes with poor thermal properties, making it difficult for them to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. This vulnerability is closely related to the quality and maintenance of housing, which negatively affects indoor environmental comfort, especially in terms of energy usage, having an impact on health and well-being. Studying energy poverty from a qualitative perspective allows us to delve deeper into the experience of these people. A qualitative study was carried out through a case study of women in a situation of household vulnerability and energy poverty. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five women-led households and two key informants before and after the COVID-19 confinement, in one of the most vulnerable neighbourhoods of Madrid. Unveiling the complexity of this topic, three categories were identified: household composition and economic resources, perception and proposals for household improvements, and household health and well-being. Furthermore, the results suggest that reliance on inefficient solutions such as electric radiators or butane-cylinder heaters for space heating in winter (more affordable in the short term, but unsustainable in the long one) shows evidence of energy precariousness, which, together with other poor housing conditions and users’ behaviours, impact clearly on health, generating or worsening chronic diseases. Research in vulnerable populations requires interventions beyond visibility, supported by key informants. Social workers and educators are essential to improving the living conditions of the most vulnerable people; however, they need social policies and adequate intervention plans and strategies to support and make their efforts effective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Building Energy System Integration and Eco-Friendly Urban Development)

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