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In a serial model of comprehension, word recognition is the second step. It takes as its input the output of pre-lexical perception, i.e. a phonological surface structure, and maps it to an underlying form. The following paper models this process with faithfulness constraints (the same as in production) and lexical-access constraints:
| 2001 | Phonology-semantics interaction in OT, and its acquisition. In Robert Kirchner, Wolf Wikeley & Joe Pater (eds.): Papers in Experimental and Theoretical Linguistics, Vol. 6: 24–35. Edmonton: University of Alberta. [Abstract] Preprint: Rutgers Optimality Archive 369, 1999/12/18 (identical except for date and shifted page numbers). |
In a parallel model of comprehension, the learner can optimize her ranking of the faithfulness constraints in comprehension, then reuse that ranking in production. This leads to markedness (phonological activity) without markedness constraints, and to licensing-by-cue without a P-map:
| 2008/03/10 |
Emergent ranking of faithfulness explains markedness and licensing by cue. Rutgers Optimality Archive 954. 30 pages. Earlier version: Handout 14th Manchester Phonology Meeting, 2006/05/28. |
The lexicon consists of links between morphemic Meaning and the phonological Underlying Form. If these are considered as separate representations (Apoussidou 2007), lexical selection will lead to an influence of lower-level knowledge (faithfulness, cue, sensorimotor, articulatory) on the lexicon, at least within a parallel bidirectional model of phonology and phonetics (BiPhon):
| 2007/07/08 |
The evolution of phonotactic distributions in the lexicon. Presentation Workshop on Variation, Gradience and Frequency in Phonology, Stanford. 32 slides. |
By modelling the links between morphemic Meaning and the phonological Underlying Form, we can account for differential effects of type frequencies versus token frequencies on the ranking of phonotactic constraints:
| 2009/07/15 | Silke Hamann, Diana Apoussidou & Paul Boersma: Modelling the formation of phonotactic restrictions across the mental lexicon. To appear in Proceedings of the 45th Meeting of The Chicago Linguistic Society. |
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