In 1945, Arthur Posnanskyestimated that Tiwanaku dated to 15,000 BC, based on his archaeoastronomical techniques. The structures that have been excavated by researchers at Tiwanaku include the Akapana, Akapana East, and Pumapunku stepped platforms, the Kalasasaya, the Kheri Kala, and Putuni enclosures, and the Semi-Subterranean Temple. In 2005, John Burke an American businessman and scientist measured a number of anomalous electomagnetic features and discovered that the city was designed to carry electro-fields which he describe in his book Seed of Knowledge, Stone of Plenty.

Tiwanaku is a ruined ancient city near Lake Titicaca in western Bolivia. Dominating the ruins, once the seat of the pre-Columbian Tiwanaku culture, are the Akapana pyramid and a semi-subterranean temple with carved images of human heads. Nearby Kalasasaya is an open temple with stone monoliths and the huge Gate of the Sun arch. The Museo del Sitio de Tiwanaku displays artifacts excavated from the site.

David Truman is an English research investigator and author. He's has conducted his primary research in Peru and Bolivia, South America.