Transformational Change to Reduce Deforestation and Climate Change Impacts: A Review of Definitions, Concepts and Drivers in Scientific and Grey Literature
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In this study, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) teamed up to investigate how transformational change (transformational change) is understood in the scientific literature. The study, the first of its kind to review academic studies on transformational change, focuses on two main questions: (i) What does ‘transformational change’ mean? and (ii) What drives it?
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.
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Transformational Change to Reduce Deforestation and Climate Change Impacts - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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Atmadja, S., Martius, C., Leonard, S. and Sanz Sanchez, M.J. 2021. Transformational change to reduce deforestation and climate change impacts – A review of definitions, concepts and drivers in scientific and grey literature. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb7314en
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ISBN 978-92-5-135167-3
E-ISBN 978-92-5-135368-4 (EPUB)
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Contents
Acknowledgements
Executive summary
Summary points
1Introduction
1.1 Scope of the paper
1.2 The need for transformational change in land use and climate change
1.3 Global discourses and efforts on transformational change in the context of climate change, forestry and agriculture
1.4 Land use, climate change and the need for transformation
2The scientific literature on transformational change
2.1 Publication trends and authorship of scientific articles on transformational change
2.2 Definition of transformational change and related concepts
2.3 Influential theoretical and empirical frameworks for transformational change
2.4 Similarities, differences and lessons across multiple sectors
2.5 Drivers of transformational change
2.6 Indicators of transformational change identified in the literature review
3Conclusions
3.1 Highlights and reflections from reviewing the literature
3.2 Issues for further exploration
References
Glossary
Annexes
1Method used to select academic literature for review
2List of articles selected for review
3Learning from the land-use sector (agriculture, forestry and other land uses): Transformational change definitions and concepts that relate to climate change and other disciplines
4Summary of the drivers of transformational change found in academic literature
5Indicators of transformational change by context and scale of action
Acknowledgements
We are grateful for the financial support, intellectual contribution and time that the FAO has invested in this report. We especially thank Malgorzata Buszko Briggs, Katherine Clyne, Kristin DeValue, Serena Fortuna, Loreto Sanz Herrera and Thomas Woolnough for their contributions. We also would like to acknowledge additional financial assistance of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA), with financial support from the donors contributing to the CGIAR Fund. We are grateful to Anne Larson and Maria Brockhaus for reviewing an early version of this report, and to Sarah Oakes for language editing.
Executive summary
Humanity is facing a series of critical challenges related to global environmental and climate change. Global development and climate objectives, as enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Agreement and other international efforts, require swift, deep and encompassing action. Climate change must be kept far below the current global average warming trajectory of 3.5 degrees. Evidence is rapidly mounting that, while this may be a herculean task, it is one essential for humanity’s survival. There is additional moral and ethical pressure to address large and widening inequalities in income, livelihoods, human health and access to food. Truly ‘transformational’ change is required that leads to ‘paradigm shifts’ underpinning the sweeping changes that are needed before 2030, just a few years from now.
In this study, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Center for International Forestry