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The Thermocouple Revisited: The Thomson Effect

  • Paul B. Jacovelli , Ronald C. Norris , Chester E. Canada and Otto H. Zinke EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 7, 2019
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Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
From the journal Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Volume 44 Issue 4

Abstract

Measurements of Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) coefficients are made in an evacuated region on a silver sample with a novel transducer in temperature intervals T A ± 20 K, where the T A are very carefully controlled ambient temperatures. This is the first systematic examination of Thomson coefficients in these temperature intervals. The Thomson coefficients when plotted against T, the temperature of measurement, are found to be discontinuous precisely at T A . When the Thomson coefficients are multiplied by a transformation involving T and T A , a linear curve in T results. Examinations here of measurements of Thomson coefficients produced by others show multiple values at T in some cases and odd behavior in other cases. Multiplying the results of others by the transformation discovered here almost always produces linear curves. The conclusions are the following. (1) Thomson’s explicit assumption that the Thomson effect involves no energy exchange with surroundings was wrong. (2) Any non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach to deriving the Thomson effect must take into account the energy exchange with the surroundings and consequently must be made in three dimensions. (3) From the work here and that of others, the energy exchange with the environment is probably mostly thermal radiation.

Keywords: Thomson effect; thermocouple; Kelvin

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Received: 2018-09-19
Revised: 2019-02-04
Accepted: 2019-05-10
Published Online: 2019-06-07
Published in Print: 2019-10-25

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Research Articles
  3. The Thermocouple Revisited: The Thomson Effect
  4. Numerical Simulation for Radiated Flow in Rotating Channel with Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reactions
  5. Thermodynamic Merger of Fluctuation Theorem and Principle of Least Action: Case of Rayleigh–Taylor Instability
  6. The Thermocouple Revisited: The Benedicks and Seebeck Effects
  7. Numerical Examination of the Entropic Energy Harvesting in a Magnetohydrodynamic Dissipative Flow of Stokes’ Second Problem: Utilization of the Gear-Generalized Differential Quadrature Method
  8. Performance Analysis of Diesel Cycle under Efficient Power Density Condition with Variable Specific Heat of Working Fluid
  9. Stochastic Novikov Engine with Fourier Heat Transport
  10. On the Efficiency of Electrochemical Devices from the Perspective of Endoreversible Thermodynamics
  11. Thermal Energy Transport Across Combined Films: Thermal Characteristics
https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2018-0062
Keywords for this article
Thomson effect; thermocouple; Kelvin

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Research Articles
  3. The Thermocouple Revisited: The Thomson Effect
  4. Numerical Simulation for Radiated Flow in Rotating Channel with Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reactions
  5. Thermodynamic Merger of Fluctuation Theorem and Principle of Least Action: Case of Rayleigh–Taylor Instability
  6. The Thermocouple Revisited: The Benedicks and Seebeck Effects
  7. Numerical Examination of the Entropic Energy Harvesting in a Magnetohydrodynamic Dissipative Flow of Stokes’ Second Problem: Utilization of the Gear-Generalized Differential Quadrature Method
  8. Performance Analysis of Diesel Cycle under Efficient Power Density Condition with Variable Specific Heat of Working Fluid
  9. Stochastic Novikov Engine with Fourier Heat Transport
  10. On the Efficiency of Electrochemical Devices from the Perspective of Endoreversible Thermodynamics
  11. Thermal Energy Transport Across Combined Films: Thermal Characteristics
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