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At 1016' (309.6m) The Shard is the tallest habitable building in Western Europe. The building has a total of 95 storeys, but the top 23 are considered to be its spire. There are public viewing galleries on two of the floors, the 68th and 72nd, the latter being the highest "habitable" floor, at an altitude of 800' (244m), giving views - on the clearest days - as far as 35 miles (55km) in every direction.
The Shard took three years to build, involving nearly 1500 construction workers during its peak construction phase.
It has a massive concrete central core, with almost as much concrete again in its foundations. Attached to this is a complex steel structure which is clad in triple-glazed glass panels. This exterior consists of 11,000 individual glazed panels with a total area of over 600,000ft² (56,000m²) - the equivalent of about eight football pitches.
The trip from the Ground floor to the viewing galleries is in two separate lifts, the first one from floors 0 to 33, the second from 33 to 67. They both travel at about 6m/s - or about a floor per second.
On a clear day the panorama from the viewing galleries is excellent as you are at the highest fixed point in the city; the buildings, trains and traffic looking almost like models from this vantage point.
The Shard is a multi-purpose building containing an hotel, restaurants, residential and office space - with a total floor area of 1.2 million ft² (110,000 m²).
The architect of this building is the Italian Renzo Piano who created the building for the developer Irvine Sellar.
Visiting the "View from the Shard" viewing galleries costs £25 for adults and £19 for children if booked in advance. (2013)

Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London.

The bridge consists of two towers which are tied together at the upper level by means of two horizontal walkways which are designed to withstand the horizontal forces exerted by the suspended sections of the bridge on the landward sides of the towers.

More details from Wikipedia Link

Listed buildings and structures are officially designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. There are over half a million listed structures in the United Kingdom, covered by around 375,000 listings.
Listed status is more commonly associated with buildings or groups of buildings, however it can cover many other structures, including bridges, headstones, steps, ponds, monuments, walls, phone boxes, wrecks, parks, and heritage sites, and in more recent times a road crossing (Abbey Road) and graffiti art (Banksy 'Spy-booth') have been included.

In England and Wales there are three main listing designations;
Grade I (2.5%) - exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important.
Grade II* (5.5%) - particularly important buildings of more than special interest.
Grade II (92%) - nationally important and of special interest.

There are also locally listed structures (at the discretion of local authorities) using A, B and C designations.

In Scotland three classifications are also used but the criteria are different. There are around 47,500 Listed buildings.
Category A (8%)- generally equivalent to Grade I and II* in England and Wales
Category B (51%)- this appears generally to cover the ground of Grade II, recognising national importance.
Category C (41%)- buildings of local importance, probably with some overlap with English Grade II.

In Northern Ireland the criteria are similar to Scotland, but the classifications are:
Grade A (2.3%)
Grade B+ (4.7%)
Grade B (93%)

Read more at Wikipedia Link

Grade I listed buildings and structures are of exceptional, even international importance. There are over 6,000 in the country. Only 2.5% of listed buildings are Grade I listed.
In Scotland the classification is Category A
Index: Link

The River Thames rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire on the slopes of the Cotswolds and flows generally eastward to its mouth near Southend in Essex. At 215 miles long it is one of the longest rivers in Britain, and the longest entirely within England. It is one of the most important rivers in Britain. Link