SO3164 : Church of St Andrew, Presteigne
taken 9 years ago, near to Presteigne, Powys, Wales
An impressive church, befitting a town which was an important local centre and later a county town where Assizes were held.
It consists of nave with north and south aisles, chancel with Lady Chapel on the south side as an extension of the south aisle and tower at the south western corner.
There are traces of pre-Conquest structure in the eastern part of the north aisle wall, this church being sacked and burnt in the 11th century by Gruffydd ap Llewellyn. A post-Conquest church was rebuilt on the same site incorporating the remains. This comprised the traditional aisleless nave and chancel. The first stage of expansion came in the 12th century when the nave was extended westwards to its present length and a separate tower built.
Major expansion occurred in the first half of the 13th century when the current nave was built, with north and south aisles. The north wall of the north aisle included the existing Norman nave wall, but the arcade was sited roughly down the middle. An extended chancel, aligned with the new nave, was built at the same time. The south aisle was built up to the tower.
The last major stage of construction occurred between roughly 1460 and 1520. This involved widening and raising the south aisle, the rebuilding of the chancel and the erection of a new Lady Chapel. The widening of the aisle effectively incorporated the tower into the body of the church.
Three periods of restoration, in 1854-5, 1889-91 and 1927-8 brought renewal of the fabric, but not substantive change to any of the medieval work. As usual much of the furnishing was renewed, including for example the chancel screen by Pearson in 1889-91.
There are a number of interesting wall monuments in the church, but pride of place has to go to the Flemish tapestry in the north aisle. This depicts the entry of Christ into Jerusalem and dates from around 1510. It was gifted to the church in 1737 by Richard Owen.
The church is Listed Grade I.
Listed buildings and structures are officially designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. There are over half a million listed structures in the United Kingdom, covered by around 375,000 listings.
Listed status is more commonly associated with buildings or groups of buildings, however it can cover many other structures, including bridges, headstones, steps, ponds, monuments, walls, phone boxes, wrecks, parks, and heritage sites, and in more recent times a road crossing (Abbey Road) and graffiti art (Banksy 'Spy-booth') have been included.
In England and Wales there are three main listing designations;
Grade I (2.5%) - exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important.
Grade II* (5.5%) - particularly important buildings of more than special interest.
Grade II (92%) - nationally important and of special interest.
There are also locally listed structures (at the discretion of local authorities) using A, B and C designations.
In Scotland three classifications are also used but the criteria are different. There are around 47,500 Listed buildings.
Category A (8%)- generally equivalent to Grade I and II* in England and Wales
Category B (51%)- this appears generally to cover the ground of Grade II, recognising national importance.
Category C (41%)- buildings of local importance, probably with some overlap with English Grade II.
In Northern Ireland the criteria are similar to Scotland, but the classifications are:
Grade A (2.3%)
Grade B+ (4.7%)
Grade B (93%)
Read more at Wikipedia Link