OBJECTIVES: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk for sleep problems. Previous research suggests that sensory problems and anxiety may be related to the development and maintenance of sleep problems in children with ASD. However, the relationships among these co-occurring conditions have not been previously studied. The current study examined the interrelations of these symptoms in a large well-characterized sample of children and adolescents with ASD.
METHODS: The current study examined the relationships among sleep problems, sensory over-responsivity, and anxiety in 1347 children enrolled in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network. The primary measures included the Children{\textquoteright}s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Short Sensory Profile.
RESULTS: In bivariate correlations and multivariate path analyses, anxiety was associated with all types of sleep problems (ie, bedtime resistance, sleep-onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, and night wakings; p < 0.01 to p < 0.001; small to medium effect sizes). Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) was correlated with all sleep problems in bivariate analyses (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001; small effect sizes). In multivariate path models, SOR remained significantly associated with all sleep problems except night awakenings for older children, while SOR was no longer significantly associated with bedtime resistance or sleep anxiety for younger children.
CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASD who have anxiety and SOR may be particularly predisposed to sleep problems. These findings suggest that some children with ASD and sleep disturbance may have difficulties with hyperarousal. Future research using physiological measures of arousal and objective measures of sleep are needed.
}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Mazurek, Micah O and Petroski, G}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2fb6e8eafc22f9763b412a2c688ac47d8/acn}, doi = {10.1016/j.sleep.2014.11.006}, interhash = {7ca805e4796982ecb50cea1b9ad0edf7}, intrahash = {fb6e8eafc22f9763b412a2c688ac47d8}, issn = {1878-5506}, journal = {Sleep Medicine}, keywords = {Adolescent, Age Anxiety, Arousal, Autism Checklist, Child, Disorder, Disorders, Factors, Female, Humans, Initiation Maintenance Male, Preschool, Questionnaires Sensation Sleep Spectrum Surveys Wake airp, and}, month = {2015 Feb}, pages = {270-9}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder: examining the contributions of sensory over-responsivity and anxiety.}, volume = 16, year = 2015 } @article{118, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention (referred to as "ADHD [attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder] symptoms") occur in 41\% to 78\% of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). These symptoms often affect quality of life, interfering with learning or interventions that target primary ASD symptoms. This practice pathway describes the guidelines for evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with ASD and comorbid ADHD symptoms. METHODS: Current research in this area is limited, and, therefore, these recommendations are based on a systematic literature review and expert consensus in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network Psychopharmacology Committee. RESULTS: The recommended practice pathway includes the Symptom Evaluation Pathway for systematic assessment of ADHD symptoms across settings; examination for comorbid sleep, medical, or psychiatric comorbidities that may contribute to symptoms; and evaluation of behavioral interventions that may ameliorate these symptoms. For children for whom medication is being considered to target the ADHD symptoms, the medication choice pathway provides guidance on the selection of the appropriate agent based on a review of available research, assessment of specific advantages and disadvantages of each agent, and dosing considerations. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations provide a framework for primary care providers treating children who have ASD and ADHD symptoms. Our systematic review of the current evidence indicates the need for more randomized controlled trials of the medications for ADHD symptoms in ASD. There will also be a need for studies of the effectiveness of these practice pathways in the future.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Mahajan, Rajneesh and Bernal, Maria Pilar and Panzer, Rebecca and Whitaker, Agnes and Roberts, Wendy and Handen, Benjamin L and Hardan, Antonio Y and Anagnostou, Evdokia and Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy and Committee, ASATN Psychopharmacology}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2a065bf7423b1328726fd2635a946beef/acn}, interhash = {3350c83eeaa55ad54a04b3537aa8600f}, intrahash = {a065bf7423b1328726fd2635a946beef}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {AIM, Adolescent, Attention Child Child, Critical Deficit Development Disorder Disorders, Female, Humans, Hyperactivity/di Hyperactivity/dt Hyperactivity/et IM, Male, Pathways, Pervasive/co Therapy], [Complications] [Diagnosis], [Drug [Etiology], airp, with}, month = Nov, note = {[Review]; NLM Journal Code: oxv, 0376422}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {S125-38}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Clinical practice pathways for evaluation and medication choice for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in autism spectrum disorders}, volume = 130, year = 2012 } @article{1424, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study sought to identify factors that may be associated with delays in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, including birth cohort, sociodemographic characteristics, and clinical features.
METHODS: Participants included 1716 children and adolescents with ASD enrolled in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network (AS-ATN) between the years 2008 and 2011. Data were collected at enrollment using AS-ATN parent- and clinician-report forms and standardized measures of I.Q., ASD symptoms, adaptive function, and psychiatric symptoms.
RESULTS: Age at first ASD diagnosis was positively correlated with current age, suggesting a birth cohort effect. Sociodemographic and clinical features were also associated with age at diagnosis, even after controlling for current age. Hierarchical linear regression results showed that older current age, lower socioeconomic status (SES), higher I.Q. score, and lower levels of autism symptoms were associated with later age at initial diagnosis. There was also a significant interaction between current age and I.Q., with higher functioning children being diagnosed at younger ages than in previous years.
CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of ASD is critically important for improving access to interventions; however, many children experience diagnostic delays. In this sample, children from the most recent birth cohorts were diagnosed earlier, suggesting that early signs of ASD are being increasingly recognized. However, socioeconomic barriers to diagnosis still seem to exist. Children with less severe ASD symptoms and with higher I.Q. are also diagnosed at later ages. Efforts are still needed to reduce diagnostic disparities for families of low SES and to improve early recognition of more subtle symptoms.
}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Mazurek, Micah O and Handen, Benjamin L and Wodka, Ericka L and Nowinski, Lisa A and Butter, Eric and Engelhardt, Christopher R}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/29f0786fc68990e3abc05ce0991a3e66f/acn}, doi = {10.1097/DBP.0000000000000097}, interhash = {591d992ca39750947fc499acb9190126}, intrahash = {9f0786fc68990e3abc05ce0991a3e66f}, issn = {1536-7312}, journal = {Journal of Developmental \& Behavioral Pediatrics }, keywords = {Adolescent, Age Autism Child, Class, Disorder, Factors Factors, Female, Humans, Illness Index, Intelligence, Male, Preschool, Severity Social Spectrum Time of}, month = {2014 Nov-Dec}, pages = {561-9}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Age at first autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: the role of birth cohort, demographic factors, and clinical features.}, volume = 35, year = 2014 } @article{2797, abstract = {We examined barriers and facilitators to expanding primary care{\textquoteright}s capacity to manage conditions associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We conducted semi-structured interviews with specialists, primary care providers (PCPs), primary care staff, and parents of children with ASD, discussing health/behavior problems encountered, co-management, and patient/family experience. Participants endorsed primary care as the right place for ASD-associated conditions. Specialists advising PCPs, in lieu of referrals, efficiently uses their expertise. PCPs{\textquoteright} ability to manage ASD-associated conditions hinged on how behavioral aspects of ASD affected care delivery. Practices lacked ASD-specific policies but made individual-level accommodations and broader improvements benefitting children with ASD. Enhancing access to specialty expertise, particularly around ASD-associated behaviors, and building on current quality improvements appear important to expanding primary care.
}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Van Cleave, Jeanne and Holifield, Chloe and Neumeyer, Ann M and Perrin, James M and Powers, Erin and Van, Linda and Kuhlthau, Karen A}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/299bd80ef7ed8b11fc184271f2e3cd553/acn}, doi = {10.1007/s10803-018-3630-x}, interhash = {1f8037fd1baea3cba82a437964d84eeb}, intrahash = {99bd80ef7ed8b11fc184271f2e3cd553}, issn = {1573-3432}, journal = {J Autism Dev Disord}, keywords = {Attention Autism Care, Child, Deficit Delivery Disorder Disorder, Female, Health Humans, Hyperactivity, Improvement, Male, Parents, Personnel, Primary Qualitative Quality Research, Specialization Spectrum airp, of with}, month = {2018 Dec}, pages = {4222-4230}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Expanding the Capacity of Primary Care to Treat Co-morbidities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.}, volume = 48, year = 2018 } @article{2799, abstract = {Gastrointestinal dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is common and associated with problem behaviors. This study describes the development of a brief, parent-report screen that relies minimally upon the child{\textquoteright}s ability to report or localize pain for identifying children with ASD at risk for one of three common gastrointestinal disorders (functional constipation, functional diarrhea, and gastroesophageal reflux disease). In a clinical sample of children with ASD, this 17-item screen identified children having one or more of these disorders with a sensitivity of 84\%, specificity of 43\%, and a positive predictive value of 67\%. If found to be valid in an independent sample of children with ASD, the screen will be useful in both clinical practice and research.
}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Margolis, Kara G and Buie, Timothy M and Turner, J Blake and Silberman, Anna E and Feldman, Judith F and Murray, Katherine F and McSwiggan-Hardin, Maureen and Levy, Joseph and Bauman, Margaret L and Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy and Whitaker, Agnes H and Winter, Harland S}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/275a1ba353a3d82d91c2fc17289ee42f7/acn}, doi = {10.1007/s10803-018-3767-7}, interhash = {dff4da2643f8e47eef3bc5de4efdeec1}, intrahash = {75a1ba353a3d82d91c2fc17289ee42f7}, issn = {1573-3432}, journal = {J Autism Dev Disord}, keywords = {Autism Child, Diseases, Disorder, Female, Gastrointestinal Health Humans, Male, Parents Spectrum Surveys,}, month = {2019 Jan}, pages = {349-362}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Development of a Brief Parent-Report Screen for Common Gastrointestinal Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorder.}, volume = 49, year = 2019 } @article{130, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often have food selectivity and restricted diets, putting them at risk for nutritional deficiencies. Previous studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in children with ASDs living in Wales, Canada, and Turkey. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of ID and the adequacy of iron intake in children with ASD in the United States. METHODS: Participants (age 2-11 years recruited from the Autism Treatment Network Diet and Nutrition Study) completed a 3-day diet record (n = 368) and had laboratory measures of serum ferritin (SF), complete blood count, iron, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin saturation (TS) (n = 222). RESULTS: Of the 222 participants with laboratory data, 18 (8\%) had SF <12 g/L and 2 (1\%) had ID defined by both low SF and TS (3 children with low SF had missing TS data). One subject had iron deficiency anemia. Fewer than 2\% of subjects had iron intake below the estimated average requirement. CONCLUSIONS: Although the determination of iron status is complex, these data do not support previous reports that children with ASD are at greater risk for ID than the general population; however, 8\% percent of the sample did demonstrate low SF despite <2\% of the sample demonstrating iron intake below the estimated average requirement. The prevalence of low SF may be an underestimate, because SF is an acute phase reactant and the study included no measure of inflammation.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Reynolds, Ann M and Krebs, N. F. and Stewart, Patricia A and Austin, Harriet and Johnson, Susan L and Withrow, N L and Molloy, Cynthia A and James, S. Jill and Johnson, Cynthia R and Clemons, Traci E and Schmidt, Brianne L and Hyman, Susan L}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/284720561625c0786bd4a7ab8b28b19b7/acn}, interhash = {3995db29ab4ef13eb8da17fd5086a0e1}, intrahash = {84720561625c0786bd4a7ab8b28b19b7}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {AIM, Child Child, Cross-Sectional Deficiency Development Diseases/et Disorders, Female, Humans, IM, Iron/df Male, Nutritional Pervasive/co Preschool, Prevalence Status, Studies, [Complications], [Deficiency], [Etiology], airp,}, month = Nov, note = {NLM Journal Code: oxv, 0376422}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {S154-9}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Iron status in children with autism spectrum disorder.}, volume = 130, year = 2012 } @article{134, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmaceutical and other treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has the potential to improve access to services by demonstrating the value of treatment to public and private payers, but methods for measuring QALYs in children are under-studied. No cost-effectiveness analyses have been undertaken in this population using the cost-per-QALY metric. OBJECTIVE: This study describes health-related quality-of-life (HR-QOL) outcomes in children with ASDs and compares the sensitivity of two generic preference-based instruments relative to ASD-related conditions and symptoms. METHODS: The study design was cross-sectional with prospectively collected outcome data that were correlated with retrospectively assessed clinical information. Subjects were recruited from two sites of the Autism Treatment Network (ATN) in the US: a developmental centre in Little Rock, Arkansas, and an outpatient psychiatric clinic at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. Children that met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for an ASD by a multidisciplinary team evaluation were asked to participate in a clinical registry. Families of children with an ASD that agreed to be contacted about participation in future research studies as part of the ATN formed the sampling frame for the study. Families were included if the child with the ASD was between 4 and 17 years of age and the family caregiver spoke English. Eligible families were contacted by mail to see if they would be interested in participating in the study with 150 completing surveys. HR-QOL outcomes were described using the Health Utilities Index (HUI) 3 and the Quality of Well-Being Self-Administered (QWB-SA) scale obtained by proxy via the family caregiver. RESULTS: Children were diagnosed as having autistic disorder (76\%), pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified [PDD-NOS] (15\%), and Asperger{\textquoteright}s disorder (9\%). Average HUI3 and QWB-SA scores were 0.68 (SD 0.21, range 0.07-1) and 0.59 (SD 0.16, range 0.18-1), respectively. The HUI3 score was significantly correlated with clinical variables including adaptive behaviour (rho = 0.52; p < 0.001) and cognitive functioning (rho = 0.36; p < 0.001). The QWB-SA score had weak correlation with adaptive behaviour (rho = 0.25; p < 0.001) and cognitive functioning (rho = 0.17; p < 0.005). Change scores for the HUI3 were larger than the QWB-SA for all clinical measures. Scores for the HUI3 increased 0.21 points (95\% CI 0.14, 0.29) across the first to the third quartile of the cognitive functioning measure compared with 0.05 (95\% CI -0.01, 0.11) for the QWB-SA. Adjusted R2 values also were higher for the HUI3 compared with the QWB-SA across all clinical measures. CONCLUSIONS: The HUI3 was more sensitive to clinical measures used to characterize children with autism compared with the QWB-SA score. The findings provide a benchmark to compare scores obtained by alternative methods and instruments. Researchers should consider incorporating the HUI3 in clinical trials and other longitudinal research studies to build the evidence base for describing the cost effectiveness of services provided to this important population.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Tilford, J. Mick and Payakachat, Nalin and Kovacs, Erica A and Pyne, Jeffrey M and Brouwer, Werner B and Nick, T. G. and Bellando, Jayne and Kuhlthau, Karen A}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/264197f1bc93e9c81da2ead164c9f4812/acn}, interhash = {21ec08904ac3dd5524fc97d249b99da2}, intrahash = {64197f1bc93e9c81da2ead164c9f4812}, isbn = {1179-2027; 1170-7690}, journal = {PharmacoEconomics}, keywords = {(Health Adolescent, Arkansas, Assessment Care)/methods, Child Child, Collection/methods, Cross-Sectional Data Development Disorders, Female, Humans, Life Life, Male, New Outcome Pervasive/drug Preschool, Prospective Quality Quality-Adjusted Retrospective Studies Studies, Years, York, of therapy/economics/physiopathology,}, month = {Aug 1}, note = {GR: R01MH089466/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States; GR: UA3MC11054/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 9212404; NIHMS399399; OID: NLM: NIHMS399399; OID: NLM: PMC3423960; PMCR: 2013/08/01 00:00; ppublish}, number = 8, pages = {661-679}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Preference-based health-related quality-of-life outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorders: a comparison of generic instruments}, volume = 30, year = 2012 } @article{111, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The reported increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attendant health and family impact make monitoring of ASD prevalence a public health priority. METHODS: The prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of ASD among US children aged 3 to 17 years was estimated from the 2007 National Survey of Children{\textquoteright}s Health (sample size: 78037). A child was considered to have ASD if a parent/guardian reported that a doctor or other health care provider had ever said that the child had ASD and that the child currently had the condition. The point-prevalence for ASD was calculated for those children meeting both criteria. We examined sociodemographic factors associated with current ASD and with a past (but not current) ASD diagnosis. The health care experiences for children in both ASD groups were explored. RESULTS: The weighted current ASD point-prevalence was 110 per 10,000. We estimate that 673,000 US children have ASD. Odds of having ASD were 4 times as large for boys than girls. Non-Hispanic (NH) black and multiracial children had lower odds of ASD than NH white children. Nearly 40\% of those ever diagnosed with ASD did not currently have the condition; NH black children were more likely than NH white children to not have current ASD. Children in both ASD groups were less likely than children without ASD to receive care within a medical home. CONCLUSIONS: The observed point-prevalence is higher than previous US estimates. More inclusive survey questions, increased population awareness, and improved screening and identification by providers may partly explain this finding.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Kogan, M. D. and Blumberg, S. J. and Schieve, L. A. and Boyle, C. A. and Perrin, James M and Ghandour, R. M. and Singh, Garima K and Strickland, B. B. and Trevathan, E. and van Dyck, P. C.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2866ca53cfb7a9cc54f5c733a72ec9258/acn}, interhash = {414c1cd5626de3c3c69d24f5530d3a94}, intrahash = {866ca53cfb7a9cc54f5c733a72ec9258}, isbn = {1098-4275; 0031-4005}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {Adolescent, African Americans, Ancestry Child Child, Collection, Continental Data Development Disorders, European Factors, Female, Group, Hispanic Humans, Male, Parents, Pervasive/diagnosis/epidemiology/ethnology, Preschool, Prevalence, Socioeconomic States/epidemiology United}, month = Nov, note = {GR: UA3MC 11054/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 0376422; 2009/10/05 [aheadofprint]; ppublish}, number = 5, pages = {1395-1403}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among children in the US, 2007}, volume = 124, year = 2009 } @article{97, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine rates of psychotropic medication use and identify associated child and family characteristics among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) enrolled in an autism registry maintained by the Autism Treatment Network (ATN). METHODS: The sample, derived from the ATN registry, consists of 2853 children aged 2 to 17 years with diagnoses of ASD supported by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule with available data on medication use. As part of initial enrollment in the registry, parents completed questionnaires on current psychotropic medication use, psychiatric and medical conditions, and demographics. RESULTS: Of the 2853 children, 763 (27\%) were taking >= 1 psychotropic medication; 15\% were prescribed 1 medication, 7.4\% received 2 medications, and 4.5\% received >= 3. Among children aged 3 to 5 years, 11\% were taking >= 1 psychotropic medication; among 6- to 11-year-old children, 46\%; and 66\% of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years were taking at >= 1 psychotropic medication. A parent report of comorbid diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, or anxiety was associated with a high rate of use, with 80\% receiving >= 1 psychotropic medication. Only 15\% of children with no comorbid psychiatric disorder were taking psychotropic medication. Psychotropic medication use was also related to sleep and gastrointestinal problems. CONCLUSIONS: The prescription of psychotropic medications in this registry sample is highly related to comorbid psychiatric disorder. Other factors associated with use include medical comorbidities, race, ethnicity, and older age.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Coury, Daniel L and Anagnostou, Evdokia and Manning-Courtney, Patricia and Reynolds, Ann M and Cole, Lynn and McCoy, Robin and Whitaker, Agnes and Perrin, James M}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2cf8281b4f3cad34e556109773ddbe34b/acn}, interhash = {44c39dfcb9feda1fe75394cdefda6deb}, intrahash = {cf8281b4f3cad34e556109773ddbe34b}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {AIM, Adolescent, Child Child, Development Disorders, Drugs/tu Female, Humans, IM, Male, Pervasive/dt Preschool, Psychotropic Therapy], Use] [Drug [Therapeutic}, month = Nov, note = {NLM Journal Code: oxv, 0376422}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {S69-76}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Use of psychotropic medication in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.}, volume = 130, year = 2012 } @article{127, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), usually along with other medical care. This study aimed to determine associations of ASD diagnostic category, co-existing conditions, and use of medications with use of CAM. METHODS: We used the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network patient registry, which collects information on CAM use, medical conditions, and psychotropic medication at enrollment. CAM was categorized as special diets versus "other" CAM; ASD was defined as autism, pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), or Asperger{\textquoteright}s. Gastrointestinal symptoms, seizure disorders, sleep problems, and medication use were determined from parent report. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were used to measure behavioral symptoms. Logistic regression was used to determine associations of diagnostic category, other medical conditions, and medication use with CAM treatments, controlling for demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Of 3413 subjects in the registry as of April 2011, 3173 had complete data on CAM use: 896 (28\%) reported any use; 548 (17\%), special diets; and 643 (20\%), other CAM. Higher rates of CAM use were associated with gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88), seizures (OR = 1.58), and CBCL total score >70 (OR = 1.29). Children with PDD (OR = 0.62), Asperger{\textquoteright}s (OR = 0.66), or using medications (0.69) had lower rates. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASD use more CAM when they have co-existing gastrointestinal symptoms, seizure disorders, and behavior problems. This study suggests the importance of asking about CAM use in children with ASD, especially those with complex symptoms.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Perrin, James M and Coury, Daniel L and Hyman, Susan L and Cole, Lynn and Reynolds, Ann M and Clemons, Traci E}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c1fa498c5747e4372b8a4b7fce6ced79/acn}, interhash = {b3519df22f582dc3acd14e93698fe987}, intrahash = {c1fa498c5747e4372b8a4b7fce6ced79}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {AIM, Adolescent, Autistic Child, Complementary Cross-Sectional Disorder/th Female, Humans, IM, Male, Preschool Studies, Therapies, [Therapy],}, month = Nov, note = {NLM Journal Code: oxv, 0376422}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {S77-82}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Complementary and alternative medicine use in a large pediatric autism sample.}, volume = 130, year = 2012 } @article{1418, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe racial differences in use of specialty care among children with autism spectrum disorder.
METHODS: We identified patients ages 2 to 21 years with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code of autism (299.0) seen from 2000 to 2011 at a major academic health center by using a research patient data repository and determined rates of specialty provider visits and procedures by race. We then used logistic regression to determine the associations of rates of subspecialty visits and procedures with race and ethnicity, controlling for gender, age, and payer type.
RESULTS: We identified 3615 patients (2935 white, 243 Hispanic, 188 African American, and 249 other). The most striking differences were in use of gastroenterology (GI)/nutrition services. Nonwhite children were less likely to use GI/nutrition specialty providers (African American, odds ratio = 0.32 [95th percentile confidence interval: 0.18-0.55]; Hispanic, 0.32 [0.20-0.51]; other, 0.56 [0.34-0.92]) as well as neurology (African American, 0.52 [0.33-0.83]; Hispanic, 0.40 [0.27-0.59]) and psychiatry/psychology (African American, 0.44 [0.27-0.72]; Hispanic, 0.60 [0.41-0.88]; other, 0.62 [0.38-0.99]). Nonwhite children were less likely to have had GI studies: colonoscopy (African American, 0.23 [0.10-0.53]; Hispanic, 0.26 [0.14-0.50]), endoscopy (African American, 0.31 [0.16-0.58]; Hispanic, 0.27 [0.16-0.46]; other, 0.53 [0.31-0.90]), and stool studies (African American, 0.49 [0.30-0.91]). Hispanic children had lower rates of neurologic and other testing: EEG (Hispanic, 0.53 [0.35-0.78]), brain MRI (African American, 0.37 [0.22-0.63]; Hispanic, 0.62 [0.42-0.90]), sleep study (Hispanic, 0.18 [0.04-0.76]), and neuropsychiatric testing (Hispanic, 0.55 [0.32-0.96]).
CONCLUSIONS: We found racial and ethnic differences among children diagnosed with autism in use of care and procedures. Possible explanations for these findings include differences in presentation, referral rates, or referral follow through.
}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Broder-Fingert, Sarabeth and Shui, Amy M and Pulcini, Christian D and Kurowski, Daniel and Perrin, James M}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c6c60af6dad6b60e01caa77e56bd2226/acn}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2012-3886}, interhash = {7b64142115516ec66ed48e93c97d335a}, intrahash = {c6c60af6dad6b60e01caa77e56bd2226}, issn = {1098-4275}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult African Americans, Ancestry Autistic Child, Clinical, Consultation, Continental Disorder, European Female, Gastroenterology, Group, Health Hispanic Humans, Male, Medicine, Neurology, Nutritional Odds Preschool, Psychiatry, Psychology, Ratio, Referral Review, Sciences, Services, States, United Utilization Young and}, month = {2013 Jul}, pages = {94-100}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Racial and ethnic differences in subspecialty service use by children with autism.}, volume = 132, year = 2013 } @article{116, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Recent census data show that nearly one-quarter of US children have at least 1 immigrant parent; moreover, there has been a dramatic increase in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and select developmental disabilities (DDs). However, little is known about access to medical home and adequacy of insurance coverage for children with ASDs and select DDs from immigrant families. METHODS: By using the 2007 National Survey of Children{\textquoteright}s Health, we compared children with ASDs and select DDs from immigrant (n = 413, foreign born or reside with at least 1 immigrant parent) and nonimmigrant (n = 5411) families on various measures of medical home and insurance coverage. We used weighted logistic regression to examine the association between immigrant family and selected outcome measures while controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS: Compared with nonimmigrant families, children with ASD and select DD from immigrant families were more than twice as likely to lack usual source of care and report physicians not spending enough time with family. Furthermore, multivariable analyses indicate that insurance coverage is an important factor in mitigating health care barriers for immigrant families. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates important areas of deficits in the health care experiences of children with ASD and select DD from immigrant households. Public policy implications include increasing access to existing insurance programs, augmenting public awareness resources for ASD and select DD, and offering assistance to immigrant families that are struggling with the medical needs of their children.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Lin, S. C. and Yu, S. M. and Harwood, Robin L}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2d54d9bf76bea6c848183a11ff9f81c05/acn}, interhash = {6105b5c73a5a3d0feead72b5b0e1ebdc}, intrahash = {d54d9bf76bea6c848183a11ff9f81c05}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {AIM, Adolescent, Child Child, Data], Development Developmental Disabilities/ep Disorders, Emigrants Female, Humans, IM, Immigrants/sn Male, Numerical Pervasive/ep Preschool, States/ep United [Epidemiology] [Epidemiology], [Statistics \& airp, and}, month = Nov, note = {NLM Journal Code: oxv, 0376422}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {S191-7}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Autism spectrum disorders and developmental disabilities in children from immigrant families in the United States.}, volume = 130, year = 2012 } @article{102, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To develop a practical, readily applied algorithm for primary health care providers to identify, evaluate, and manage constipation in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). METHODS: The Gastroenterology Committee of the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network (ATN), a multisite consortium of centers dedicated to improving standards of medical care for children with ASDs, guided the development of the constipation algorithm through expert opinion and literature review. The algorithm was finalized based on results of field testing by nongastrointestinal, ATN autism medical specialists at 4 ATN sites. A systematic review and grading of the literature pertaining to constipation and children with ASDs was also performed. RESULTS: Consensus among the ATN Gastroenterology Committee identified that in children with ASDs, (1) subtle or atypical symptoms might indicate the presence of constipation; (2) screening, identification, and treatment through a deliberate approach for underlying causes of constipation is appropriate; (3) diagnostic-therapeutic intervention can be provided when constipation is documented; and (4) careful follow-up after any intervention be performed to evaluate effectiveness and tolerance of the therapy. Literature review revealed limited evidence for the clinical evaluation or treatment strategies of children with ASD and constipation. CONCLUSIONS: Constipation and its underlying etiology have the potential to be effectively identified and managed using a systematic approach. Lack of evidence on this topic in the literature emphasizes the need for research.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Furuta, Glenn T and Williams, K and Kooros, K. and Kaul, A. and Panzer, Rebecca and Coury, Daniel L and Fuchs, George}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c63eeef9bd4f26a73993aeae790581f3/acn}, interhash = {109ac571958518c1270f4c7a92b15b9e}, intrahash = {c63eeef9bd4f26a73993aeae790581f3}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {AIM, Adolescent, Algorithms, Child Child, Constipation/di Constipation/et Constipation/th Development Disorders, Female, Humans, IM, Male, Pervasive/co Prospective Studies [Complications], [Diagnosis], [Etiology], [Therapy], arirp,}, month = Nov, note = {[Review]; NLM Journal Code: oxv, 0376422}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {S98-105}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Management of constipation in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders}, volume = 130, year = 2012 } @article{110, abstract = {The prevalence of and risk factors for aggression were examined in 1,380 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Prevalence was high, with parents reporting that 68\% had demonstrated aggression to a caregiver and 49\% to non-caregivers. Overall, aggression was not associated with clinician observed severity of ASD symptoms, intellectual functioning, gender, marital status, parental educational level, or aspects of communication. Individuals who are younger, come from a higher income family, have more parent reported social/communication problems, or engage in repetitive behaviors were more likely to demonstrate aggression. Given the significant impact of aggression on individual and family outcomes, it is hoped that this knowledge will inform more targeted intervention efforts.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Kanne, Stephen M and Mazurek, Micah O}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2e09024547e131a03cb28b3c6b9004b27/acn}, interhash = {781bad40ef7f75d1ffeca93c285f64c5}, intrahash = {e09024547e131a03cb28b3c6b9004b27}, isbn = {1573-3432; 0162-3257}, journal = {Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders}, keywords = {Adolescent, Aggression/psychology, Behavior/psychology, Child Child, Development Disorders, Factors Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Pervasive/epidemiology/psychology, Preschool, Prevalence, Risk}, month = Jul, note = {JID: 7904301; ppublish}, number = 7, pages = {926-937}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Aggression in children and adolescents with ASD: prevalence and risk factors}, volume = 41, year = 2011 } @article{1414, abstract = {This study examines whether sensory differences can be used to classify meaningful subgroups of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Caregivers of children with ASD aged 2-10 years (n = 228) completed the Short Sensory Profile. Model-based cluster analysis was used to extract sensory subtypes. The relationship of these subtypes to age, gender, autism symptom severity, and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) was further explored. Four distinct sensory subtypes were identified: (a) sensory adaptive; (b) taste smell sensitive; (c) postural inattentive; and (d) generalized sensory difference. The sensory subtypes differ from each other on two dimensions: (a) the severity of reported sensory differences; and (b) the focus of differences across auditory, taste, smell, vestibular and proprioceptive domains. Examination of the clinical features of each subtype reveals two possible mechanisms of sensory disturbance in autism: (a) sensory hyperreactivity; and (b) difficulties with multisensory processing. Further, the sensory subtypes are not well explained by other variables such as age, gender, IQ, and autism symptom severity. We conclude that classification of children using sensory differences offers a promising method by which to identify phenotypes in ASD. Sensory-based phenotypes may be useful in identifying behavioral features responsive to specific interventions thereby improving intervention effectiveness. Further validation of the sensory-based phenotypes by establishing neural and physiological correlates is recommended.
}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Lane, A and Molloy, Cynthia A and Bishop, S}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2e74feb79925b0d515a57a9d718b70d5b/acn}, doi = {10.1002/aur.1368}, interhash = {d7b0c2129ad1e207ac088d90d0d760df}, intrahash = {e74feb79925b0d515a57a9d718b70d5b}, issn = {1939-3806}, journal = {Autism Research}, keywords = {Age Analysis, Child Child, Cluster Development Disorders, Distribution Distribution, Female, Humans, Illness Index, Male, Pervasive, Phenotype, Preschool, Sensation Severity Sex of}, month = {2014 Jun}, pages = {322-33}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Classification of children with autism spectrum disorder by sensory subtype: a case for sensory-based phenotypes.}, volume = 7, year = 2014 } @article{133, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the frequency of co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a well-defined cohort of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and to examine the relationship between ADHD symptoms and both adaptive functioning and health-related quality of life as reported by parents or other primary caregivers. METHODS: T scores on 2 ADHD-related scales from the Child Behavior Checklist were used to indicate the presence of ADHD symptoms. Participants were divided into groups based on whether their parents/caregivers rated them as having clinically significant T scores on the Attention Problem and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Problem subscales. Standard scores from the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition and raw scores from the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory were then compared between groups with the use of multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Approximately 40\% of participants had 1 elevated T score, and 19\% had both ADHD-related T scores elevated on the Child Behavior Checklist. The ASD + ADHD group had lower scores on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory in comparison with the ASD alone group. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest greater impairment in adaptive functioning and a poorer health-related quality of life for children with ASDs and clinically significant ADHD symptoms in comparison with children with ASDs and fewer ADHD symptoms. Physicians are encouraged to evaluate for the presence of ADHD symptoms in their patients with ASDs and, if present, include symptom treatment in the overall care plan.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Sikora, Darryn M and Vora, P and Coury, Daniel L and Rosenberg, Daniel}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/200e783df51f899e632c38bbe822507d9/acn}, interhash = {57e2a88e5a20f4ffb9f2d70270c5e112}, intrahash = {00e783df51f899e632c38bbe822507d9}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {AIM, Adaptation, Adolescent, Attention Child Child, Deficit Development Disorder Disorders, Female, Humans, Hyperactivity/co Hyperactivity/ep Hyperactivity/px IM, Infant, Life Male, Pervasive/co Pervasive/px Preschool, Psychological, Quality [Complications], [Epidemiology], [Psychology], of with}, month = Nov, note = {NLM Journal Code: oxv, 0376422}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {S91-7}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, adaptive functioning, and quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorder.}, volume = 130, year = 2012 } @article{107, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The impact of abnormal feeding behaviors reported for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) on their nutritional status is unknown. We compared nutrient intake from food consumed by children with and without ASD and examined nutrient deficiency and excess. METHODS: Prospective 3-day food records and BMI for children (2-11 years) with ASD participating in the Autism Treatment Network (Arkansas, Cincinnati, Colorado, Pittsburgh, and Rochester) were compared with both the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data and a matched subset based on age, gender, family income, and race/ethnicity (N = 252 analyzed food records). RESULTS: Children with ASD and matched controls consumed similar amounts of nutrients from food. Only children with ASD aged 4 to 8 years consumed significantly less energy, vitamins A and C, and the mineral Zn; and those 9 to 11 years consumed less phosphorous. A greater percentage of children with ASD met recommendations for vitamins K and E. Few children in either group met the recommended intakes for fiber, choline, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, and potassium. Specific age groups consumed excessive amounts of sodium, folate, manganese, zinc, vitamin A (retinol), selenium, and copper. No differences were observed in nutritional sufficiency of children given restricted diets. Children aged 2 to 5 years with ASD had more overweight and obesity, and children 5 to 11 years had more underweight. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASD, like other children in America, consume less than the recommended amounts of certain nutrients from food. Primary care for all children should include nutritional surveillance and attention to BMI.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Hyman, Susan L and Stewart, Patricia A and Schmidt, Brianne L and Cain, U. and Lemcke, Nicole and Foley, John T and Peck, Robin and Clemons, Traci E and Reynolds, Ann M and Johnson, Cynthia R and Handen, Benjamin L and James, S. Jill and Courtney, Patty Manning and Molloy, Cynthia A and Ng, P. K.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2cf224821c0bdb491702c203943fd377f/acn}, interhash = {b368e037b5d503b0e0e6405804d2d322}, intrahash = {cf224821c0bdb491702c203943fd377f}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {AIM, Autistic Child, Disorder, Eating, Female, Humans, IM, Male, Nutritional Preschool, Prospective Status, Studies airp,}, month = Nov, note = {NLM Journal Code: oxv, 0376422}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {S145-53}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Nutrient intake from food in children with autism.}, volume = 130, year = 2012 } @article{88, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Sleep difficulties are common reasons why parents seek medical intervention in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We determined whether a pamphlet alone could be used by parents to help their child{\textquoteright}s insomnia. METHODS: Thirty-six children with ASD, ages 2 to 10 years, were enrolled. All had prolonged sleep latency confirmed by actigraphy showing a mean sleep latency of 30 minutes or more. Parents were randomly assigned to receive the sleep education pamphlet or no intervention. Children wore an actigraphy device to record baseline sleep parameters, with the primary outcome variable being change in sleep latency. Actigraphy data were collected a second time 2 weeks after the parent received the randomization assignment and analyzed by using Student{\textquoteright}s t test. Parents were also asked a series of questions to gather information about the pamphlet and its usefulness. RESULTS: Although participants randomized to the 2 arms did not differ statistically in age, gender, socioeconomic status, total Children{\textquoteright}s Sleep Habits Questionnaire score, or actigraphy parameters, some differences may be large enough to affect results. Mean change in sleep-onset latency did not differ between the randomized groups (pamphlet versus no pamphlet). Parents commented that the pamphlet contained good information, but indicated that it would have been more useful to be given specific examples of how to take the information and put it into practice. CONCLUSIONS: A sleep education pamphlet did not appear to improve sleep latency in children with ASDs.}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Adkins, Karen W and Molloy, Cynthia A and Weiss, Shelly K and Reynolds, Ann M and Goldman, Suzanne E and Burnette, C. and Clemons, Traci E and Fawkes, Diane B and Malow, Beth A}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b424405b16ee8b1c8f97db1a9a65f8f6/acn}, interhash = {fc6795cec916bda31a44b496e8fc72ed}, intrahash = {b424405b16ee8b1c8f97db1a9a65f8f6}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {AIM, Child Child, Development Disorders, Disorders/et Disorders/th Education Female, Humans, IM, Initiation Maintenance Male, Pamphlets, Patient Pervasive/co Preschool, Sleep Sleep, Topic, [Complications], [Etiology], [Therapy] airp, and as}, month = Nov, note = {NLM Journal Code: oxv, 0376422}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {S139-44}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Effects of a standardized pamphlet on insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorders.}, volume = 130, year = 2012 } @article{1420, abstract = {Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have co-occurring feeding problems. However, there is limited knowledge about how these feeding habits are related to other behavioral characteristics ubiqitious in ASD. In a relatively large sample of 256 children with ASD, ages 2-11, we examined the relationships between feeding and mealtime behaviors and social, communication, and cognitive levels as well repetitive and ritualistic behaviors, sensory behaviors, and externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Finally, we examined whether feeding habits were predictive of nutritional adequacy. In this sample, we found strong associations between parent reported feeding habits and (1) repetitive and ritualistic behaviors, (2) sensory features, and (3) externalizing and internalizing behavior. There was a lack of association between feeding behaviors and the social and communication deficits of ASD and cognitive levels. Increases in the degree of problematic feeding behaviors predicted decrements in nutritional adequacy.
}, added-at = {2021-02-17T03:07:48.000+0100}, author = {Johnson, Cynthia R and Turner, Kylan and Stewart, Patricia A and Schmidt, Brianne L and Shui, Amy M and Macklin, Eric A and Reynolds, Ann M and James, S. Jill and Johnson, Susan L and Courtney, Patty Manning and Hyman, Susan L}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21b7d986cb29f00258dde4b5177525570/acn}, doi = {10.1007/s10803-014-2095-9}, interhash = {1aa96185206b30bc759b9e445cd0d433}, intrahash = {1b7d986cb29f00258dde4b5177525570}, issn = {1573-3432}, journal = {Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders}, keywords = {Behavior, Child Child, Development Disorders, Feeding Female, Humans, Male, Nutritional Pervasive, Preschool, Status airp,}, month = {2014 Sep}, pages = {2175-84}, timestamp = {2021-02-17T03:08:36.000+0100}, title = {Relationships between feeding problems, behavioral characteristics and nutritional quality in children with ASD.}, volume = 44, year = 2014 }