@article{noauthororeditor,
  abstract = {In recent years, due to rapid developments in information technology, modern technologies have begun to rapidly enter human life. These technological advances are creating wide opportunities for everyone (regardless of physical and mental capabilities). Due to these opportunities, people with disabilities also had the opportunity to learn to read and write. People with disabilities who are blind use Braille to learn and communicate in their daily lives. In this age of modern technological advances, it is hard to imagine our daily life without digital devices such as tablets, smartphones, laptops, and computers. Computers play a vital role in the education process of visually impaired people. Computers have a specially designed external USB Braille keyboard that helps blind people with educational processes. This paper proposes a low-cost folding type Braille keyboard. This device is beneficial through its innovative design and its simplicity.},
  added-at = {2024-03-04T13:57:11.000+0100},
  author = {Nosirov, Shohruh Begmatov | Mukhriddin Arabboev | Sardor Vakhkhobov | Mokhirjon Rikhsivoev | Khushnud Gaziev | Khabibullo},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/29ba22372a7430d880b4da18696039c35/centralasian_20},
  interhash = {a2bb0d072a2b18ad1845c21a6223ae38},
  intrahash = {9ba22372a7430d880b4da18696039c35},
  issn = {2660-5317},
  journal = {CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE},
  keywords = {blind, braille folding impaired keyboard, type visually},
  language = {english},
  month = sep,
  number = 9,
  pages = {1-9},
  timestamp = {2024-03-04T13:57:11.000+0100},
  title = {Design and Development of a Folding Type Braille Keyboard},
  url = {https://cajotas.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJOTAS/article/view/1271/1328},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2023
}

@article{shruti_verma_2023_7924931,
  abstract = {This article provides information on the system of logopedic work with children with visual impairments, speech deficits of blind and visually impaired people and their levels.},
  added-at = {2023-08-21T09:07:01.000+0200},
  author = {Ghiyosiddinovna, Dehkonova Mubarak},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b5348fc39f4cd53b5668e8afff6a42a8/centralasian_20},
  interhash = {f9a228319e862040d2d1403ea78c3599},
  intrahash = {b5348fc39f4cd53b5668e8afff6a42a8},
  issn = {2660-6836},
  journal = {CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HISTORY},
  keywords = {blindness, defectelimination echolalia, impaired, speech therapist, visually},
  month = jan,
  number = 1,
  pages = {101-105},
  timestamp = {2023-08-21T09:07:01.000+0200},
  title = {Specific Characteristics of Logopedic Work with Blind Children},
  url = {https://cajssh.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJSSH/article/view/604/587},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2023
}

@article{noauthororeditor,
  abstract = {This proposal focuses on identifying problems in teaching English to visually impaired students at special school and provides some solutions how to increase the quality of education. First it discusses educational setting by providing full information about students and staff, then talks about how the study was conducted.
After, existing problems, resources and data about financial aids are given one by one. Moreover, detailed goals and objectives of the proposal are included in this stage. In recommendations part all steps to overcome the problem were counted along with actors and timeline stages. This proposal aims to help visually impaired people to get a better education at schools and as a result to become an inseparable part of society by solving English language teaching issues that exist in educational settings.},
  added-at = {2022-08-18T13:09:09.000+0200},
  author = {Babakulova, Dilrabo},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/23ad9c54307d2676dbcc989dce559ebb4/centralasian_20},
  interhash = {fbe285a47fba7bec939515ded0dfafb8},
  intrahash = {3ad9c54307d2676dbcc989dce559ebb4},
  journal = {CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE},
  keywords = {Visually education impaired problems solutions students to},
  timestamp = {2022-08-18T13:09:09.000+0200},
  title = {Identifying Problrms in Teaching English to Visually Impaired Students at Special Schools
},
  url = {https://cajlpc.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJLPC/article/view/338},
  year = 2022
}

@article{nojavaniiranian,
  abstract = {In economical societies of today, using cash is an inseparable aspect of human’s life. People use cash for
marketing, services, entertainments, bank operations and so on. This huge amount of contact with cash and
the necessity of knowing the monetary value of it caused one of the most challenging problems for visually
impaired people. In this paper we propose a mobile phone based approach to identify monetary value of a
picture taken from a banknote using some image processing and machine vision techniques. While the
developed approach is very fast, it can recognize the value of the banknote by an average accuracy rate of
about 97% and can overcome different challenges like rotation, scaling, collision, illumination changes,
perspective, and some others.},
  added-at = {2022-01-18T06:59:29.000+0100},
  author = {Nojavani, Esmaiel and Rezaeezade, Azade and Monadjemi},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2af62694da23aa02d1a7927ca1275ee4d/leninsha},
  interhash = {856ef681c7c571a4060fd189425547cf},
  intrahash = {af62694da23aa02d1a7927ca1275ee4d},
  journal = {International Journal on Soft Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJSCAI)},
  keywords = {Assistant Cash Extra Identification Impaired Iranian Mobile Phone Usage Using Visually},
  month = {February},
  number = 1,
  pages = {23 - 37},
  timestamp = {2022-01-18T06:59:29.000+0100},
  title = {AN IRANIAN CASH RECOGNITION ASSISTANCE
SYSTEM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIREDS},
  url = {https://airccse.org/journal/ijscai/papers/4115ijscai03.pdf},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2015
}

@article{noauthororeditor,
  abstract = {Transcription Management System automates an entire workflow of voice and transcripts files with a very simple and easier manner. The complete synthesis is based on interactive voice response where user can record their information in terms of audio file. Recent Admission Management Systems are often being breached for the visually impaired persons. They need to depend on another person for filling any kinds of forms. So our project helps such kind of people to fill their forms by recording voice. Any kind of user can utilize this system and reduce their time by storing data in wave format instead of typing via keyboard. Filling Admission forms can be done by Transcription Management System with a smart indication. This composition can be used in any application, where person's vision is the critical issue. The features of this system are automatic transmission of voice files with just a couple of click .By just simple mouse clicks and speech inputs the system is easy to get along with any type of users   there is no need to remember keyboard. This system works on role basis like Translator, Manager and Reviewer .The visually impaired persons need not worry as they can listen to the prompting done by the system and perform respective actions. Pallavi Deshmukh | Lalita Shinde | Namrata Ahire | Sayli Kamod"Transcription Management System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11433.pdf  http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/11433/transcription-management-system/pallavi-deshmukh
},
  added-at = {2018-09-06T13:30:32.000+0200},
  author = {Kamod, Pallavi Deshmukh Lalita Shinde Namrata Ahire Sayli},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/271820aa87f0d8d4bfde4bdb076dd8af9/ijtsrd},
  interhash = {31e5ae34ced6d6923768e4708ddf4bc3},
  intrahash = {71820aa87f0d8d4bfde4bdb076dd8af9},
  issn = {2456-6470},
  journal = {International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development},
  keywords = {Computer Engineering Transcription Transcripts Visually impaired},
  language = {English},
  month = {April},
  number = 3,
  pages = {2100-2103},
  timestamp = {2018-10-02T11:01:27.000+0200},
  title = {Transcription Management System
},
  url = {http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/11433/transcription-management-system/pallavi-deshmukh},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2018
}

@article{noauthororeditor,
  abstract = {This study aimed to identify the support network especially family support system of visually challenged women. Women with visually challenged is one of the greatest a significant social issue globally. The family support as an informal network that provides individuals, with expressions of emotional concern or empathy. The descriptive nature of this study was undertaken with the objectives of the family support network of visually challenged women in Tiruchirappalli city, Tamil Nadu. The sample of 42 visually impairment women aged 24 and above 44 years of age were selected through purposive sampling technique. An interview schedule and observation was used for collection of data. 83.3% of visually challenged women have received good emotional support from their family. Almost maximum number of women with visual impairment got good personal support like the household task, cleaning, handling money, support during pregnancy period, care of children etc. The study has shown that having good family support is a strong protective factor against negative things such as depression, isolation, poverty and helps to increase well-being. Rajathurai Nishanthi | Dr. S. Sampathkumar"Support Network of Visually Challenged Women in Tiruchirappalli City, Tamil Nadu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11261.pdf  http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/11261/support-network-of-visually-challenged-women-in-tiruchirappalli-city-tamil-nadu/rajathurai-nishanthi
},
  added-at = {2018-09-04T10:53:48.000+0200},
  author = {Sampathkumar, Rajathurai Nishanthi Dr. S.},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/29bf056a8e795010de8cb47127b090f0f/ijtsrd},
  interhash = {899ab52b8f887cae0a9b9c3cf97fdf67},
  intrahash = {9bf056a8e795010de8cb47127b090f0f},
  issn = {2456-6470},
  journal = {International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development},
  keywords = {Science Social challenged condition family socio-economic support visually},
  language = {English},
  month = {April},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1220-1223},
  timestamp = {2018-10-02T11:01:27.000+0200},
  title = {Support Network of Visually Challenged Women in Tiruchirappalli City, Tamil Nadu
},
  url = {http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/11261/support-network-of-visually-challenged-women-in-tiruchirappalli-city-tamil-nadu/rajathurai-nishanthi},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2018
}

@article{journals/computer/TervenSR14,
  added-at = {2015-06-10T17:21:09.000+0200},
  author = {Terven, Juan R. and Salas, Joaquin and Raducanu, Bogdan},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/20dbc0e75eedfccecd23145c1b0e89a5e/oulu2015},
  ee = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MC.2013.265},
  interhash = {4f27340d11c3479495f390173b82a5c0},
  intrahash = {0dbc0e75eedfccecd23145c1b0e89a5e},
  journal = {IEEE Computer},
  keywords = {Assistive Computer Impaired Technology Vision-Based Visually},
  number = 4,
  pages = {52-58},
  timestamp = {2015-06-10T17:43:28.000+0200},
  title = {New Opportunities for Computer Vision-Based Assistive Technology Systems for the Visually Impaired.},
  url = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/computer/computer47.html#TervenSR14},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2014
}

@inproceedings{conf/assets/Nemeth98,
  added-at = {2015-06-10T17:15:37.000+0200},
  author = {Nemeth, Abraham},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b87b0a6b77430816dd8ddf7b23649d26/oulu2015},
  booktitle = {International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies},
  description = {dblp},
  ee = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/274497.274519},
  interhash = {037b1ce8c076a92594e656406e292e41},
  intrahash = {b87b0a6b77430816dd8ddf7b23649d26},
  keywords = {Assistive Blind Technology impaired visually},
  pages = {124-125},
  timestamp = {2015-06-10T17:43:28.000+0200},
  title = {Some Thoughts on Assistive Technology for the Blind.},
  url = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/assets/assets1998.html#Nemeth98},
  year = 1998
}

@incollection{Banatre2007,
  abstract = {Ubibus is an application designed to help blind or visually impaired people to take public transport. The application allows the user to request in advance the bus of his choice to stop, and to be notified when the right bus has arrived. The user may use either a PDA (equipped with a WLAN interface) or a Bluetooth mobile phone. The system is designed to be integrated discretely in the bus service via ubiquitous computing principles. It tries to minimize both the amount of required changes in the service operation, and explicit interactions with the mobile device. This is done by augmenting real-life interactions with data processing, through a programming paradigm called spatial programming.},
  added-at = {2015-06-10T17:09:09.000+0200},
  address = {Berlin / Heidelberg},
  affiliation = {INRIA, Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu, F-35042 RENNES  },
  author = {Banâtre, Michel and Couderc, Paul and Pauty, Julien and Becus, Mathieu},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2fed06fa6e6f1a99d4ade2bfef9c2726d/oulu2015},
  booktitle = {Mobile Human-Computer Interaction – MobileHCI 2004},
  description = {SpringerLink - Abstract},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-28637-0_28},
  editor = {Brewster, Stephen and Dunlop, Mark},
  interhash = {832a2bba2cdf35bb904ecf647b97f658},
  intrahash = {fed06fa6e6f1a99d4ade2bfef9c2726d},
  keywords = {accessibility blind impaired mobility public transport visually},
  pages = {535-537},
  publisher = {Springer},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  timestamp = {2015-06-10T17:43:28.000+0200},
  title = {Ubibus: Ubiquitous Computing to Help Blind People in Public Transport},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28637-0_28},
  volume = 3160,
  year = 2004
}

@article{nrhm2010,
  abstract = {Presenting Web content through screen readers can be a challenging task, but this is the only means of access for many blind and visually impaired users. The difficulties are more acute when the information forms part of an interactive process, such as the increasingly common "Web 2.0 applications". If the process is to be completed correctly and efficiently it is vital that appropriate information is given to the user at an appropriate time. Designing a non-visual interface that achieves these aims is a non-trivial task, for which several approaches are possible. The one taken here is to use eye-tracking to understand how sighted users interact with the content, and to gain insight into how they benefit from the information, then apply this understanding to design a non-visual user interface. This paper describes how this technique was applied to develop audio interfaces for two common types of interaction: auto-suggest lists and pop-up calendars. Although the resulting interfaces were quite different, one largely mirroring the visual representation and the other not, evaluations showed that the approach was effective, with both audio implementations effective and popular with participants.},
  added-at = {2015-06-10T17:08:19.000+0200},
  author = {Brown, Andrew and Jay, Caroline and Harper, Simon},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21430c737f783cc66feca8eb82f8d4046/oulu2015},
  interhash = {e9dec7e851ade23cf4f204231cdcb0b1},
  intrahash = {1430c737f783cc66feca8eb82f8d4046},
  journal = {New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia},
  keywords = {Accessibility eye-tracking impaired visually},
  number = 3,
  pages = {281--301},
  timestamp = {2015-06-10T17:43:28.000+0200},
  title = {Using qualitative eye-tracking data to inform audio 
           presentation of dynamic Web content.},
  url = {http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13614568.2010.542253},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2010
}

@inproceedings{Harper2003dq,
  abstract = {We suggest that with the advent of ambient devices, pervasive computing systems, mobile user devices and the associated move towards accessing mobile information the HCI community has a perfect opportunity to influence the design of mobile interfaces early in their life-cycle. The Sentinel activity (part of the wider proXimity project) seeks to de-couple the interface (siren) from the ambient object (fire alarm) and place that interface with the user's mobile device (PDA, 'Braille n Speak'). The user device is specific to that user and so too is the interface; however, the problem of static interface creation (normally by sighted designers) still exists. If we are truly to make access to the real world a universal activity the presentation of the interface (buttons, sliders, etc.) must be separated from the functionality of the device, and therefore the functionality the interface is required to fulfil (data and control instructions). Sentinel aims to address this issue by using functional prototypes (written in XML) to separate these two areas. It does this without specifying the type of interface-control (button, tick-box, etc.) required and instead delegates the interface-control presentation task to the user-device which can more individually react to the accessibility needs of its user.},
  added-at = {2015-06-10T17:07:46.000+0200},
  address = {London, UK},
  author = {Harper, Simon and Goble, Carole and Pettitt, Steven},
  bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.simonharper.info/publications/Harper2003dq.pdf},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2426d0c0b7a8aeddf1b904d471cde4161/oulu2015},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction}},
  date-modified = {2007-06-04 16:35:12 +0100},
  editor = {Stephanidis, C.},
  interhash = {07149ec9c71b49e6a135225dd15ad361},
  intrahash = {426d0c0b7a8aeddf1b904d471cde4161},
  isbn = {0-8058-4933-5},
  keywords = {Accessibility Blind Impaired Mobility Visually},
  location = {Crete, Greece},
  pages = {399--403},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  timestamp = {2015-06-10T17:43:28.000+0200},
  title = {{Sentinel: Universal Access to Ambient Devices}},
  url = {http://www.simonharper.info/publications/Harper2003dq.pdf},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2003
}

@inproceedings{conf/icdim/ChiaraPRSTVG11,
  added-at = {2015-06-10T17:06:09.000+0200},
  author = {Chiara, Gabriele Di and Paolino, Luca and Romano, Marco and Sebillo, Monica and Tortora, Genny and Vitiello, Giuliana and Ginige, Athula},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/29e21983abd53fd28036bf1a7d3914113/oulu2015},
  booktitle = {ICDIM},
  crossref = {conf/icdim/2011},
  ee = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDIM.2011.6093335},
  interhash = {e9765eba7457a3018e872c167ce05c9a},
  intrahash = {9e21983abd53fd28036bf1a7d3914113},
  isbn = {978-1-4577-1538-9},
  keywords = {impaired interface visually},
  pages = {36-41},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2015-06-10T17:43:28.000+0200},
  title = {The Framy user interface for visually-impaired users.},
  url = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/icdim/icdim2011.html#ChiaraPRSTVG11},
  year = 2011
}

@article{Harper2003cr,
  abstract = {We are concerned with aiding the mobility of visually impaired travellers around often complex and unfamiliar internal and urban environments. To do this we focus on a users interaction with ambient devices because these device types provide an easy entry point for visually impaired individuals to interact with their surroundings. By augmenting the physical environment with mobility focused ambient devices and making existing devices universally accessible our goal of easy, focused, and confident mobility can be achieved. We identify, through paper reviews and studies of empirical and anecdotal evidence, the social and technical problems that have so far barred consistent and cohesive development of an ambient mobility-network. We suggest that multi-model sensory-interaction with objects and assistive devices within an environment is the only way to accomplish easy, focused, and confident mobility for visually impaired travellers. We find that universal access to ambient devices does not exist when the user interface and the device functionality are conjoined. And we also suggest that this universal access will not occur if there are only benefits for one small minority user group.},
  added-at = {2015-06-10T17:03:44.000+0200},
  address = {Switzerland, London, Washington},
  author = {Harper, Simon and Pettitt, Steven and Goble, Carole},
  bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.simonharper.info/publications/Harper2003cr.pdf},
  bdsk-url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0963828031000090533},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/201e013da86b65bd2e5973d059cef7557/oulu2015},
  date-modified = {2007-06-04 16:38:54 +0100},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0963828031000090533},
  editor = {D, M{\''u}ller},
  interhash = {3dbd4e58dd5d0f624d8747a2f4ccdb0a},
  intrahash = {01e013da86b65bd2e5973d059cef7557},
  issn = {0963-8288},
  journal = {{Disability and Rehabilitation}},
  keywords = {Accessibility Ambient Mobility Network impaired visually},
  month = {August},
  number = 16,
  pages = {940--947},
  publisher = {{Taylor and Francis}},
  timestamp = {2015-06-10T17:43:28.000+0200},
  title = {{Sentinel: Towards an Ambient Mobility Network}},
  url = {http://www.simonharper.info/publications/Harper2003cr.pdf},
  volume = 253,
  year = 2003
}

@inproceedings{conf/wicon/ZhangLON10,
  added-at = {2015-06-10T17:02:33.000+0200},
  author = {Zhang, J. and Lip, Chon Wai and Ong, Soh-Khim and Nee, Andrew Y. C.},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/23609903965dd3be58026632c3a5ab0fc/oulu2015},
  booktitle = {WICON},
  crossref = {conf/wicon/2010},
  editor = {Chen, Hsiao-Hwa and Daneshmand, Mahmoud and Liu, Stanley},
  ee = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5452688},
  interhash = {85de60c0111fba2da012e4288dc4e773},
  intrahash = {3609903965dd3be58026632c3a5ab0fc},
  isbn = {978-963-9799-86-8},
  keywords = {Impaired Interface Navigation Shoe Systems Visually},
  pages = {1-8},
  publisher = {ICST / IEEE},
  timestamp = {2015-06-10T17:43:28.000+0200},
  title = {A Multiple Sensor-based Shoe-mounted User Interface Designed for Navigation Systems for the Visually Impaired.},
  url = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/wicon/wicon2010.html#ZhangLON10},
  year = 2010
}

@inproceedings{conf/ihm/BardotBSJ14,
  added-at = {2015-06-10T17:00:54.000+0200},
  author = {Bardot, Sandra and Brock, Anke and Serrano, Marcos and Jouffrais, Christophe},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2a14ea8767ee09626ea2bd4a21f4af18a/oulu2015},
  booktitle = {IHM},
  crossref = {conf/ihm/2014},
  editor = {Casiez, Géry and Pietrzak, Thomas and Chapuis, Olivier and Conversy, Stéphane},
  ee = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2670444.2670465},
  interhash = {34111a6c922d499e79658e0e0ac842bf},
  intrahash = {a14ea8767ee09626ea2bd4a21f4af18a},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-2935-4},
  keywords = {impaired map visually},
  pages = {165-170},
  publisher = {ACM},
  timestamp = {2015-06-10T17:43:28.000+0200},
  title = {Quick-glance and in-depth exploration of a tabletop map for visually impaired people.},
  url = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ihm/ihm2014.html#BardotBSJ14},
  year = 2014
}

@proceedings{mohammad2007elearning,
  added-at = {2014-10-31T11:25:38.000+0100},
  author = {Mohammad, Nouman and Nasir, Naveed and Basit, Khan Muhammad Abdul},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/202b183ee362b15c780e80c048a914669/nasir.naveed},
  booktitle = {Proc. E-Learning and Distance Education Conference ELDEC},
  interhash = {1ab6c4659c4b28873a92eb9dbe073b04},
  intrahash = {02b183ee362b15c780e80c048a914669},
  keywords = {E-Learning Education learning myown visually},
  note = { Proc. E-Learning and Distance Education Conference ELDEC},
  timestamp = {2014-10-31T11:38:37.000+0100},
  title = {E-Learning for Visually Impaired},
  year = 2007
}

@article{Porro1998a,
  abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: Visual functions of neurologically impaired children with permanent cerebral visual impairment (CVI) can be difficult to determine. This study investigated the behavioural profile of CVI children by means of ethological observations in order to gain a better understanding of their visual functions. METHODS: Video registrations of nine subjects who were unable to undergo more orthodox methods of visual function testing were observed and analysed by an ethologist. RESULTS: A series of behaviours (direct signs) and supportive or confirming behavioural elements (indirect signs) indicating some visual perception in the children were found. CONCLUSION: Detailed ethological observations of visual behaviour were shown to be useful for analysing visual functions of children with permanent CVI.},
  added-at = {2014-07-19T21:03:47.000+0200},
  author = {Porro, G. and Dekker, E. M. and Nieuwenhuizen, O. Van and Wittebol-Post, D. and Schilder, M. B. and Schenk-Rootlieb, A. J. and Treffers, W. F.},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/270f50bd982d1cf2af6a378c1fc9c5863/ar0berts},
  groups = {public},
  interhash = {8a68a33953a4dca62a19225d5b4979f8},
  intrahash = {70f50bd982d1cf2af6a378c1fc9c5863},
  journal = {Br J Ophthalmol},
  keywords = {Blinking; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Eye Movements; Facial Expression; Female; Fixation, Ocular; Head Humans; Infant; Male; Posture; Smiling; Touch; Vision Disorders; Visual Perception; Visually Impaired Persons},
  month = Nov,
  number = 11,
  pages = {1231--1235},
  pmid = {9924323},
  timestamp = {2014-07-19T21:03:47.000+0200},
  title = {Visual behaviours of neurologically impaired children with cerebral visual impairment: an ethological study.},
  username = {ar0berts},
  volume = 82,
  year = 1998
}

@techreport{Towel:yy03,
  added-at = {2013-07-30T11:27:41.000+0200},
  author = {Yesilada, Yeliz},
  bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~yesilady/publication/Report03.pdf},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/280187039aef35eb1a2ae192512411851/wel-manchester},
  date-added = {2006-03-24 10:43:46 +0000},
  date-modified = {2007-06-05 12:32:13 +0100},
  institution = {(Second Year PhD Report) University of Manchester - Department of Computer Science},
  interhash = {59f2be3cd9936f7a29d95915b66b38d4},
  intrahash = {80187039aef35eb1a2ae192512411851},
  keywords = {Accessibility, DANTE, Impaired, Mobility, Ontologies, Semantic Transcoding, Visually Web},
  timestamp = {2013-07-30T11:27:45.000+0200},
  title = {Mobility Support for Visually Impaired Web Travellers},
  url = {http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~yesilady/publication/Report03.pdf},
  year = 2003
}

@inproceedings{Dante:yhgs0402,
  abstract = {Travelling upon the Web is difficult for visually impaired users since the Web pages are designed for visual interaction [6]. Visually impaired users usually use screen readers to access the Web in audio. However, unlike sighted users, screen readers cannot see 
the implicit structural and navigational knowledge encoded within the visual presentation of Web pages. Therefore, in a visually impaired user's environment, objects that support travel are missing or inaccessible. Our approach to remedy this is to annotate pages with an ontology, the Travel Ontology, that aims to encapsulate rich structural and navigational knowledge about these objects. We use Semantic Web technologies to make such knowledge explicit and computationally accessible. Our semi-automated tool, Dante identifies travel objects on Web pages, annotates them appropriately with the Travel Ontology and uses this to transform the pages to enhance the travel support. Thus Dante uses the Travel Ontology to enhance the travel experience of visually impaired users. This paper introduces the Travel Ontology, the annotation pipeline used in the annotation part of Dante and some transformation scenarios to illustrate how the annotations are used to guide the transformation of Web pages. },
  added-at = {2013-07-30T11:27:41.000+0200},
  author = {Yesilada, Yeliz and Harper, Simon and Goble, Carole and Stevens, Robert},
  bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b99180},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2dd7386800725d0668b0ec598e24e0ff1/wel-manchester},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE)},
  date-added = {2006-03-24 10:43:46 +0000},
  date-modified = {2007-09-28 12:51:21 +0100},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b99180},
  group = {My Publication},
  interhash = {99f03cb1108582318fe56cec1686e808},
  intrahash = {dd7386800725d0668b0ec598e24e0ff1},
  keywords = {Accessibility, DANTE, Impaired, Mobility, Ontologies, Semantic Transcoding, Visually Web},
  location = {Munich, Germany},
  pages = {445-458},
  publisher = {Springer},
  timestamp = {2013-07-30T11:27:45.000+0200},
  title = {Screen Readers Cannot See (Ontology Based Semantic Annotation for Visually Impaired Web Travellers)},
  year = 2004
}

@techreport{Towel:yy02,
  abstract = {Visually impaired people have difficulties accessing the Web, either because of the inappropriately designed web pages or the insufficiency of the currently available technological advances. The main focus of the currently available technology is on providing sensory translation rather than supporting mobility. As a consequence of limited mobility support, visually impaired people are less able to browse and travel on the Web. Furthermore, Hypertext design and usability traditionally concentrates upon navigation and/or orientation and neglects the importance of mobility and travel [30]. 

Harper introduced the notion of travel on the Web and proposes the inclusion of travel and mobility in the usability metrics of web design [32]. The notion of travel extends navigation and orientation to include environment, mobility and the purpose of the travel task. Travel in the virtual, web world is likened to travel in the real, physical world. In consequence, the extensive work undertaken in the mobility of visually impaired people in the physical world can be transferred and adapted to the web based world [30]. 

The notion of travel on the Web is also the foundation of this PhD project. Our goal is to improve travel upon the Web by improving the design of web pages and sites -- moving the travel component from a craft towards an engineering paradigm. In order to achieve our goal, we are aiming to support travel on the Web by providing a tool that analyses travel support offered within a page and consequently, 
semi-automatically transforming the page to increase the travel support provided. We are proposing a framework for analysing travel support offered within a web page. This framework forms the basis of the tool that will be created, which aims to increase the provided mobility within a web page. This continuation report presents the context of the research, the work done in the first year of this PhD 
project, including an evaluation of the framework's effectiveness, and proposes a work plan for the forthcoming years.},
  added-at = {2013-07-30T11:27:41.000+0200},
  author = {Yesilada, Yeliz},
  bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~yesilady/publication/Report02.ps},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2a91dd92872a996a76465854c03df1216/wel-manchester},
  date-added = {2006-03-24 10:43:46 +0000},
  date-modified = {2007-06-05 12:32:13 +0100},
  group = {My Publication},
  institution = {(First Year PhD Report) University of Manchester- Department of Computer Science},
  interhash = {539348683c18e89d2cbcd9777975688f},
  intrahash = {a91dd92872a996a76465854c03df1216},
  keywords = {Accessibility, DANTE, Impaired, Mobility, Ontologies, Semantic Transcoding, Visually Web},
  timestamp = {2013-07-30T11:27:45.000+0200},
  title = {Contextualised Travel Support for Visually Impaired Web Users},
  url = {http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~yesilady/publication/Report02.ps},
  year = 2002
}