“When living creatures perceive something, they’re concerned with two questions: What is it? and: What should I do about it? You might think that the machinery for answering those questions evolved in that order – like you’d have to know what something is before you can know what to do about it – but it seems likely to have been the opposite. The actions of the simplest creatures when faced with various stimuli in the world are mostly coordinated by pragmatic couplings – signals that are prescriptive rather than descriptive. But these mechanisms laid the foundation for the evolution of decoupled internal representations with true semantic content.”
According to Karl Popper, widely regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of science in
the 20th century, falsifiability is the primary characteristic that distinguishes scientific
theories from ideologies – or dogma. For example, for people who argue that schools
should treat creationism as a scientific theory, comparable to modern theories of evolution,
advocates of creationism would need to become engaged in the generation of falsifiable
hypothesis, and would need to abandon the practice of discouraging questioning and
inquiry. Ironically, scientific theories themselves are accepted or rejected based on a
principle that might be called survival of the fittest. So, for healthy theories on
development to occur, four Darwinian functions should function: (a) variation – avoid
orthodoxy and encourage divergent thinking, (b) selection – submit all assumptions and
innovations to rigorous testing, (c) diffusion – encourage the shareability of new and/or
viable ways of thinking, and (d) accumulation – encourage the reuseability of viable
aspects of productive innovations
To hear Musk tell it, Neuralink's hardware is either a state-of-the-art tool for understanding the brain, a clinical advance for people with neurological disorders, or the next step in human evolution
M. Nagy, M. Hussien, M. Tokhy, T. Hosny, A. Aboshosha, and Hisham.A.Hamad. DESIGN OF UWB ANTENNA WITH IMPROVED RADIATION FOR CONVENTIONAL GSM, LTE NETWORK AND SUB 6GHZ SPECTRUM, 10, page 1-11. International Journal of Antennas (JANT), (October 2024)
G. Palfalvi, T. Hackl, N. Terhoeven, T. Shibata, T. Nishiyama, M. Ankenbrand, D. Becker, F. Forster, M. Freund, A. Iosip and 17 other author(s). Curr Biol, 30 (12):
2312-2320 e5(2020)Palfalvi, Gergo
Hackl, Thomas
Terhoeven, Niklas
Shibata, Tomoko F
Nishiyama, Tomoaki
Ankenbrand, Markus
Becker, Dirk
Forster, Frank
Freund, Matthias
Iosip, Anda
Kreuzer, Ines
Saul, Franziska
Kamida, Chiharu
Fukushima, Kenji
Shigenobu, Shuji
Tamada, Yosuke
Adamec, Lubomir
Hoshi, Yoshikazu
Ueda, Kunihiko
Winkelmann, Traud
Fuchs, Jorg
Schubert, Ingo
Schwacke, Rainer
Al-Rasheid, Khaled
Schultz, Jorg
Hasebe, Mitsuyasu
Hedrich, Rainer
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
2020/05/16
Curr Biol. 2020 Jun 22;30(12):2312-2320.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.051. Epub 2020 May 14..