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Articulator (Dentistry Journal)
Loma Linda University Publications
Fall 2017
LLUSD Articulator - Volume 28, Number 2
Loma Linda University School of Dentistry
Montry S. Suprono
Loma Linda University
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LLUSD
ARTICULATOR
The melding of compassion and competence in dental education
Jess Hayden
collection
Commencement
2017
Bonding and
zirconia: a
literature review
New LLUSD
dean appointed
Volume 28, Number 2
Summer / Autumn 2017
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Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
We wanted to give something back to the School of Dentistry. By
donating a piece of property, we benefited from immediate tax savings
while having the satisfaction of knowing our gift would make a
difference in the lives of students.
— Clyde (SD ’70) and Kirsty Roggenkamp
Professor at LLUSD
What’s
Your Plan?
1
For the Future of our Students
We LIVE to Give
We prepare students to care for the whole person — body, mind and spirit. You can
play an important role in impacting Loma Linda University Health by establishing a
legacy gift to benefit Vision 2020 — The Campaign for a Whole Tomorrow.
To learn more about estate gifts or other ways to give,
contact the office of planned giving.
Office of Planned Giving
11175 Mountain View Avenue, Suite B, Loma Linda, CA 92354
909-558-4553 | legacy@llu.edu | llulegacy.org
MANY STRENGTHS. ONE MISSION.
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
LLUSD
ARTICULATOR
The melding of competence and compassion
in dental education.
Volume 28, Number II
Summer/Autumn 2017
Articulator (formerly Dentistry) celebrates with
alumni and friends the School of Dentistry’s efforts
to combine compassion and competence in the
education of oral healthcare professionals. LLUSD
alumni represent the strength of that amalgam. The
journal is published twice each year by the Loma Linda
University School of Dentistry Office of Marketing.
Interim dean
Joseph M. Caruso, DDS, MS, MPH
Alumni director
Kathleen Moore, MHIS
Director, Office of Marketing
Krista Weymar, MBA
Director of Publications
Managing editor
Douglas Hackleman, MA
Contributing editor
Edna Maye Loveless, PhD
Science editor
Yiming Li, PhD, DDS, MSD
Photographers
Carmen Fernandez
Daryl Osborne
LLUSD Mission
Loma Linda University School of Dentistry seeks to
further the healing and teaching ministry of Jesus Christ
by providing an environment wherein:
Students learn to provide high quality oral healthcare
based on sound scientific principles
Patients receive competent care, which is preventive
in purpose, comprehensive in scope, and provided with
compassion and respect
Faculty, students, and staff value the patient relationship,
respect diversity, and share responsibility by working
together toward academic, professional, spiritual, and
personal growth
Scholarly activity and research provide a foundation for
evidence-based learning and enhance whole person care
The workplace environment attracts and retains a
superior and diverse faculty and staff who motivate,
educate, and serve
Our communities (local, global, and professional) benefit
from our service, stewardship, and commitment to lifelong learning.
Incoming LLUSD Dean Robert Handysides (left) visits with outgoing
Interim Dean Joseph Caruso. The next Articulator will feature an
extended interview with Dr. Handysides.
Editors note:
Beginning this summer, a search committee comprised of LLUSD faculty
members, administrators, alumni, and board members of Loma Linda University
undertook an extended consideration of candidates from which to select a
new dean for the School of Dentistry. On November 8, the search committee
recommended to LLU administration that associate dean for Academic Affairs,
Robert Handysides, DDS, be appointed Dean. This was referred to the LLU
Board of Directors which voted on December 12, 2017, for Dr. Handysides to
become Dean, effective January 1, 2018.
It was determined to withhold publication of the Articulator until Dr. Handysides
selection was made official by Board of Trustees and could be announced in
this issue of the alumni journal.
The School of Dentistry has been led since its inception in 1953 by five
deans—Webster Prince, Charles Smith, Judson Klooster, Charles Goodacre,
and Ronald Dailey (and that is not to ignore the vigorous, yeoman leadership
that Interim Dean Joseph Caruso, DDS’73, MS’75, has provided during recent
months that leads us to Dr. Handyside’s inauguration in January). If that seems
like a lot, or if an average of nearly 13 years per dean seems long, consider
the fact that the mean tenure of American dental school deans is two years.
Those five deans were blessed to direct the education of more than 6,400 oral
healthcare practitioners who have bettered the world with the compassionate
and competent professionalism they learned under this School’s unique
Christian ethos of whole person service.
The incoming and outgoing LLUSD deans are one in their confidence that the
LLU School of Dentistry has little to fear for the future as we recognize how
Providence has rewarded our sincere past efforts.
To each of our readers, we wish a most meaningful 2018,
Doug Hackleman, MA
Editor
Cover: Incoming LLUSD Dean Robert Handysides (left) prepares to
receive the administrative baton from Interim Dean Joseph Caruso.
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
CONTENTS
4 The dean’s brown bag
9 Handysides appointed
6th LLUSD dean
10 Tory Silvestrin runs
life’s marathon at a
sprint
16 Jess Hayden family
donates his 50,000
prosection slides
20 LLUSD’s 61st
Commencement
32 Bonding & zirconia:
a literature review
44 Falling in L-O-V-E
with dentistry
3
46 Postgraduate Endo
celebrates 50 years
48 LLUSD News
Direct advertising inquiries and
correspondence to:
Publications Director
LLU School of Dentistry
11245 Anderson Street, Ste 120
Loma Linda, CA 92354
Phone: (909) 558-4984
Fax: (909) 558-0992
To reach School of Dentistry
Alumni Affairs, contact:
Jeri Fowler, assistant director
LLUSD Alumni Affairs
11245 Anderson Street, Ste 120
Loma Linda, CA 92354
For admissions information
contact:
School of Dentistry
Office of Admissions
11092 Anderson Street
Loma Linda, CA 92350
Phone: (909) 558-4399
Fax: (909) 558-4858
Admissions.sd@llu.edu
Phone: (909) 558-4621
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
DEAN’S MESSAGE
The dean’s brown bag
A
fter several months as interim dean of the LLU School of
Dentistry, and following many years as a faculty member,
chair, program director, and associate dean, I have an informed
sense of the challenges and the possibilities that leave me
optimistic, energized, and encouraged about the opportunities
that face Robert Handysides, DDS’93, this new year as he
transitions from associate dean for Academic Affairs to dean,
School of Dentistry.
There is cause for optimism, even joy, because, unlike the lower
forms of life, humans have agency—we can be the masters
of our fate as individuals and, as collaborating individuals, the
masters of the fate/future of our School of Dentistry.
Because I share my predecessor Dr. Ronald Dailey’s commitment
to the importance of communication, I have continued his habit
of meeting periodically with the entire faculty in what are
referred to as “Brown Bag” lunches. Similar meetings are held
periodically with the dental classes (D1/D2 together and D3/
D4 together) and with various School supervisors. Each of these
assemblies, along with other department meetings, combine
to provide a cascade of communication that facilitates the
operations of our alma mater.
At a recent Brown Bag the following items were discussed.
4
We won’t stand still
Those of you who have an attachment to the School, and who
have been following the considerable, substantive changes to
our profession, may be interested in knowing how your alma
mater is adjusting to the relentless arrival of new realities.
Professional and business models are shape shifting, and we
must graduate dentists and dental hygienists who are prepared
for new and moving care provision targets. There is little or no
time for murmuring about the good old days. We have things to
do and we are doing them.
California path to licensure
The Portfolio Curriculum Integrated Pathway Examination to
Qualify for a California Dental License is a path to licensure
piloted by dental schools at the University of California, San
Francisco (UCSF) and University of the Pacific (UOP), as it
was sanctioned by the Dental Board of California in 2009 and
became operational in 2014. Now in the second year of that
process, LLUSD has experienced what other dental schools
report: many students express interest, several sign up for
Dr. Joseph Caruso
the process, but only a few complete the entire program. The
expense to California dental schools is not justified currently by
the number of students who participate. Representatives of the
Dental Board of California recently met with administrators and
faculty at each of the six California dental schools to develop
a better understanding of the challenges involved with the
Portfolio Examination process and what the Dental Board can
do to mitigate those challenges. We are continuing to make
available to students the California Portfolio Examination with
LLUSD-calibrated faculty as an opportunity for our students with
the understanding that California Dental Schools will be working
with the State of California to determine ways to improve the
Portfolio process.
LLUSD patient pool/tuition
There are a sufficient number of people waiting for services at
the LLUSD predoctoral student clinics. But the population growth
of the Inland Empire has experienced a lowering socioeconomic
reality and a paucity of patients who can afford to pay for the care
they need and the procedures LLUSD students need to perform.
Because clinic income affects budgets, and consequently
tuition, the acquisition and distribution of patients among the
School’s programs requires a continual, judicious balance. It is a
topic that leads naturally to consideration of alternative models
of dental instruction and dental care delivery.
Models of dental instruction and dental care delivery
Models of dental care delivery are migrating from predominately
single-proprietor private practice to Dental Service Organization
(DSO), to modified DSO, to the Federally Qualified Health Center
Volume 28, Number 2
(FQHC), and others. The growth rate of these organizations in the
State of California has outpaced their proliferation elsewhere.
This evolution in the care delivery models necessarily drives
adjustments to our educational and business model. A number
of websites address these trends in depth: <http://tinyurl.com/
y94cnx4j>
At your alma mater we are making strategic curriculum
adjustments to meet the transformation in care delivery models
that prepare our students with not only clinical skills but an
operational understanding of the revised practice opportunities
they will encounter. Is it possible that some of the experiences
we used to get in the LLUSD main clinic are no longer available?
Are there experiences that will better prepare our students
that should be acquired in private and public clinics? These are
important questions. Some dental schools already are providing
their students external clinical experiences. We are considering
among models what will work best for LLUSD.
LLUSD’s place at the table
The School of Dentistry embodies an essential part of the
healthcare delivered by LLUH, and it contributes to and enjoys
the benefits of collegial reciprocity with seven LLU sister
schools. Despite that fact, dental faculty and alumni sometimes
wonder, “How does the School of Dentistry fit into Loma Linda
University’s family of schools?” There is a widely shared
perception that the Medical Center and the School of Medicine
are the big dogs on campus and that the other schools have
merely supporting or auxiliary roles. There is evidence that
Dentistry’s contribution is much more substantive; the LLUSD
annual revenue budget ($64M) matches that of the next two
schools (Medicine and Allied Health Professions) combined.
Further review of the School of Dentistry’s technology and
process contributions to the University and sister schools should
continue to provide opportunities for perceptual adjustment.
The School’s Administrative Council (comprised of its assistant
and associate deans) considers LLUSD to be a third hospital
on campus, along with the Medical Center and the Children’s
Hospital. As such, the School of Dentistry’s relationship to the
University is not unlike the relationship to LLU of the School of
Medicine, the LLU Medical Center, and the Children’s Hospital.
First articulated by Graham Stacey, PhD, associate dean for
Admissions and Student affairs, the hospital analogy has taken
root and we assert it on all appropriate occasions, especially
because it is spiritually and professionally consistent with the
LLUH commitment to whole person care.
We have found that when LLUSD is at the table with LLU
leadership, when your alma mater is represented at earlier
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
stages in strategic planning—before rather than after plans are
finalized—this participation improves the options, projections,
and results of our School’s own decision making. So often in the
past, without our involvement in University-wide planning, we
have found ourselves scrambling to make do with work arounds.
I have purposefully requested appointments of LLUSD faculty
members to committees that have overarching, Universitywide significance Their participation has already improved
communication, awareness, and conviviality. It’s not perfect, but
this earlier participation is mutually beneficial to our reciprocal
relationships and strategic planning with both sister schools
and the University as a whole. For the One Loma Linda (LLUH)
to succeed, the School of Dentistry must participate as an
excelling partner.
Perception of LLUSD graduates’ practice readiness
My conversations with the deans of other dental schools
reveals a common perception among alumni that recent
graduates are less prepared for dental practice than those of
decades passed. It is understandable that there are questions
about whether the students of today are as well prepared as
the students of . . . you pick a class: 1973 (my class), 1986,
1996, 2006, etc. In response to that question, one might say,
‘Relative to what?’ That is not to be cavalier; it’s important.
When comparing today’s graduates to those of earlier years it
is essential to realize that their training is different because
the practice of dentistry today is different. Third millennium
dentistry is more effective because its materials, procedures,
and techniques are more sophisticated and require additional
training and practice.
The difference between graduates of yesterday and today’s
LLUSD graduates (and the dentistry they are being prepared to
deliver) is that students today have more “stuff in their educational
wheel barrow.” Our current curriculum is considerably more
comprehensive than it was just a few years ago, not to mention
so far back as 1973! As they confront 21st century dentistry,
2017 graduates enter a profession that requires expertise
in procedures supported by advanced technologies and new
materials that were hardly contemplated when many of us were
taking dentistry and using gold foil to restore carious or fractured
teeth. Examples include the application of cone beam imaging,
CAD/CAM dentistry, 3D printing, and digital impressions, not to
mention just the changes in today’s amalgams.
Alumni may observe and judge a recent graduate, perhaps
unfairly, against their own current level of experienced
proficiency, as an accomplished expert. And some alumni
might think that currriculum changes at their alma mater are
being made to correct deficiencies in our graduating students
5
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
when in fact the revised curriculum is due to our faculty and
administration’s efforts to anticipate rapidly arriving revisions
to the practice of dentistry. It would be a mistake to construe
curriculum remodelling as evidence of deficiencies in our
recently graduated dentists. Changing curriculum is due to a
changing future.
Conversations with our current students impress me that
they want to be held to a high standard, but they also want
redundancy removed from the curriculum. Strange concept!
And one with which we totally concur. So, while as associate
dean for Academic Affairs, Dr. Handysides was working with
his task force to streamline the curriculum and integrate it with
concepts of just-in-time delivery of didactics, two members of
our faculty, Holli Riter, DDS’98 (recently appointed director of
Quality Assurance), and Michael Fitzpatrick, DDS’87, professor,
Division of General Dentistry, have been tasked with 1)
minimizing waste that may burden either students or instructors
with poorly designed processes and unrealistic costs without
additional benefit to either didactic or clinical experiences,
and 2) determining the most efficient and consistent way to
deliver any operative procedure with optimal quality, in the
least possible time, and with minimal failure. Any student who
graduates here must represent the compassionate competence
our School requires. Every student must have the opportunity to
excel at the “LLU School of Dentistry” level.
6
Advancing faculty
Without doubt, LLUSD faculty members are professionally
extended. They stand between what a student needs to know
and what those students know they need to be. Students, being
students, want to progress quickly, which is understandable
but not always in their best interest. Faculty members are
guiding students into their futures, which involves more than
just teaching. The simple teaching of students means faculty
members must grade 100-plus papers for each quiz or test,
develop course materials that are current and evidenced based,
meet all issues of compliance to work with patients (believe
it or not to stay eligible to maintain your position on the clinic
you are required to take eight compliance courses consuming
approximately six-plus hours—necessary but time consuming),
remain current in a profession that requires their own continuing
education, counsel with students, develop their own curriculum
vitaes for faculty advancement (including research projects),
all of that on compensation that is at the median for American
educators.
How does all of that get done? It happens because our faculty
members care deeply about educating our students to become
competent dentists who practice whole person oral healthcare.
Summer / Autumn 2017
They are dedicated teachers who take students who are new
to dentistry and mentor them into the professional ranks
of what we call Christian dentistry. It is a calling that turns
college graduates into oral healthcare providers with skills and
compassion, dentists and dental hygienists that can become
educators, researchers, church or community leaders, missionoriented dental providers, dental product developers, local or
state politicians, healthcare policy advocates, and even CDA or
CDHA presidents. LLUSD graduates have taken on all of these
roles. Our faculty members take meaning from the growth and
excelling of their students. It’s what keeps them here and keeps
them going.
Developing faculty for the future requires dentists and dental
hygienists who are willing to challenge themselves. Finding
and nurturing those individuals is a continuing administrative
responsibility. It is the obligation of LLUSD leadership to provide
educational opportunities in skills enhancement, administration,
and curriculum development, along with protected time that
permits faculty to explore, study, and think. The logic of Descartes,
“I think, therefor I am,” suggests an ontological dilemma: if you
don’t have time to think, you hardly have time to become. Other
deans and graduate program directors concur that the need for
protected time for faculty improvement is a pervasive problem.
Of course, protected opportunities necessitate accountability,
not only to the School as an employer but to the intended goal
of growth.
The future and its obligations/needs
1. Research: Through the leadership of Yiming Li, DDS,
PhD, MSD, associate dean for Research, we have acquired
the MicroCT, and several internal and external research
projects are scheduled for its advantages. We are in the
process of acquiring a new, high-resolution scanning
electron microscope (SEM) that will not destroy samples
during the imaging process. Like our MicroCT, the new
SEM will generate both internal and fee-for-service,
external use. We are on track to exceed last year’s research
revenue with sponsored projects. Our water system testing
lab continues to grow under the guidance of Wu Zhang,
MD, professor and director, Research Services, Center for
Dental Research, who has developed the School’s Dental
Unit Waterline (DUWL) Testing and Sterilization Assurance
Service (SAS) into one of the premier such services in
the country, serving over 800 dental offices, a number of
universities, veterans hospitals, medical/dental centers,
and other agencies across the nation.
2. Classroom remodeling: We are requesting bids for the
remodeling of the classrooms on Prince Hall’s third and
Volume 28, Number 2
fourth floors as well as Room 1176. These improvements,
20 years in the making, will include interactive technology,
video conferencing, and the capacity to capture classroom
lectures.
3. IDP and adjoining lab overhaul: A review of the
layout for the International Dentist Program (IDP) lab
(PH1110) made it evident that the adjacent DDS (D2/
D3, PH1112) labs are also in need of updating. Many IDP
alumni have donated to their lab’s renovation, and the
funds that they have donated already are earmarked for
that lab renewal. Renovations to the adjacent labs will
require additional funding. Mark Estey, DDS’98, program
director, International Dentist Program, is meeting with
the various users to determine among other things
utilization flow and current and future needs including the
possibility of acquiring simulation stations.
We are reassessing the possible employment of an
educational tool first considered by former dean and
Distinguished Professor Charles Goodacre, DDS’71,
MSD, several years ago—the use of common simulation
environments, including a virtual patient, using augmented
reality and haptic technology to provide the experience as
if at the chair. Considering the advantages of eliminated
patient risk and extended life usability, a few dental
schools in both the US and Europe already have moved in
this direction.
4. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery area: The growth
of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery real
estate needs must be addressed. Alan Herford, DDS’94,
MD, chair, Department of OMFS Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery, is developing a proposal that our philanthropy
team can use with corporate and alumni supporters to
facilitate this much needed expansion.
5. 3D planning, printing, and milling: Oh my! As you are
well aware, a lot of what we are now doing is either of
the virtual world or soon will be. Since 2001, the use of
advanced CBCT at the School has prompted the obvious:
“If I have it in the 3D world, why can’t I keep it there until I
need the real object?” This evolution of thought made the
manufacturers of 3D printing and milling view dentistry as
a viable market and, Bam! we have printing and milling
readily available. Your School’s central lab has been utilizing
3D milling of wax for many years and ceramic milling of
all types. We are moving forward with new scanners and
machines available through our corporate relationships and
through our association with CRET, sponsors—along with
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
alumni donors—of the Hugh Love Center for Research &
Education in Technology.
Provided by alumni contributions, LLUSD currently has 3D
printers in the Departments of Orthodontics, Periodontics,
Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry. These machines are
comprised of an assortment of industrial-strength ABS
printers and small medical-capable SLA or DLP printers.
The School is embarking into the area of bio-film printing
in the coming months, and 3D metal printing for many
types of dental restorations that only a short time ago were
cast or milled. Software at LLUSD is now available on the
computer desktop for students to design restorations and
submit for fabrication! In the near future, a design center
will be created to provide instruction and support to faculty
and students in the management of such software and the
principles of computer aided manufacturing.
Operations and procedures that really matter are progressing
in several areas. We are working and planning in parallel,
prioritizing for effective value, cost, education realized, and
financial return. As determined by earlier strategic sessions, our
core business is the education of general dentists. When we
evaluate a proposal, project, curriculum adjustment, or capital
improvement, that is the primary consideration.
During my brief tenure as dean, it has been a pleasure to meet
with several alumni groups as well as a number of alumni
individually. And how encouraging it has been to hear from them
almost uniformly, “How can I help?
And we do so appreciate your help!
So we have called on several of our alumni to form a committee
of past Alumni Association presidents who are re-envisioning the
LLUSD Alumni Association to determine how it can best support
our School’s endeavor to continually graduate outstanding oral
healthcare professionals who can say, “Service Is Our Calling”
to a changing world.
Respectfully yours,
Joseph M. Caruso, DDS’73, MS’75, MPH
Interim Dean
7
Dental Unit Waterline Testing and
Sterilization Assurance Service
Dental Unit Waterline (DUWL) Testing Service
has been in operation since 2000. We evaluate
microbial contamination of DUWLs and are actively
involved in research on DUWL biofilm removal
and treatment methods. Over 800 dental offices, a
number of universities, Veterans hospitals, medical/
dental centers, and other agencies nationwide use
this service for monitoring the quality of
their DUWLs.
What are the advantages of using LLU School of
Dentistry’s DUWL service?
• The Standard Method 9215 D (membrane
filter method) of American Public Health
Association (APHA) is used to examine microbial
contamination in DUWLs.
• Multiple dilutions to detect heterotrophic plate
count (HPC) bacteria counts up to 20,000 CFU/mL
• More than 18 years’ experience
• Free consultations by experienced staff
• All-inclusive test kit containing sterile sample
vials, ice packs, and detailed instructions in
insulated test packages
• Test reports sent after the seven-day incubation
• Local customers may deliver samples directly to
our research laboratory.
Find
SAS
&
L
W
DU
ms on
r
o
f
r
orde
43.
page
Sterilization Assurance Service (SAS) was
established in 1998 and provides biological
monitoring of sterilizers for over a thousand
dental clinics, community colleges, and medical/
dental centers and other institutions in more than
30 states.
What are some of the advantages of using LLU
School of Dentistry’s SAS?
• 20 years of experience
• Choice of Basic, BasicPlus, and Intensive
spore testing services to help you meet
infection control requirements within your
budget
• Return envelopes or prepaid envelopes are
included based on your choice.
• Option of weekly or monthly reports with
available Certificate of Participation
• Failure notification by phone or e-mail on
same business day
• Class V integrators for steam sterilizer is
available to order. The combined use of spore
test and STEAMPlus Integrators provide
early detection by visually confirming the
performance of your sterilizers.
• Online test results will be available soon.
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
TRANSITIONS
Robert Handysides, DDS’93, appointed sixth LLU
School of Dentistry dean
R
obert Handysides, DDS’93, associate dean for academic
affairs since 2013, has been appointed dean, Loma Linda
University School of Dentistry, effective January 1, 2018.
Joseph Caruso, DDS’73, MS’75,
who has served first as acting and
then as interim dean since April 2017,
will continue through the academic
year his positions as associate
dean for Strategic Initiatives and
Faculty Practices and as program
director for the Advanced Specialty
Education Program in Orthodontics and
Dentofacial Orthopedics.
“I am deeply honored and humbled
to learn that my colleagues and peers
have chosen me to lead the School
of Dentistry,” Dr. Handysides said
in response to his appoiontment.
”Although LLUSD has a proud tradition
of excellence and is recognized as
having one of the profession’s premier
clinical programs, we have no interest Dr. Robert Handysides
in resting on our laurels. I look forward
to collaborating with our School’s highly dedicated faculty,
staff, alumni, and students as we strive to improve on our
laudable past.”
LLU Provost Ronald Carter, PhD, affirmed the appointment:
“It has been my privilege to work closely with Dr. Handysides as
the School of Dentistry’s associate dean for Academic Affairs.
Rob demonstrates a delightful blend of attention to detail and
process with a cheer and humor that lightens the load of serious
decision making. Dean Handysides has a vision for academic
and professional excellence and the commitment to forge a
faculty and administration equal to the challenges of 21st
century dental education.”
Shortly after graduation from LLUSD in 1993, Dr. Handysides
established and maintained for five years a solo practice in
Kingston, Ontario, his Canadian home.
He returned to LLUSD in 1999 and earned a certificate in
endodontics that he completed in 2001 at the School’s Advanced
Specialty Education Program in Endodontics.
Commencing immediately upon completion of his specialty
program in 2001, Dr. Handysides served
the Department of Endodontics in a
variety of roles: course director, lecturer,
clinical educator, and researcher. In
2003, he became director of the LLU
Faculty Endodontics practice, a position
he held in that busy dental practice until
2013. Because of accumulating teaching
and administrative responsibilities,
his involvement with patient care is
somewhat reduced.
In 2007, Dr. Handysides was added to
the LLU Faculty of Graduate Studies as
associate professor, and in 2008 he was
promoted to associate professor status
with the Department of Endodontics.
In November 2008, he was named a
Diplomate by the American Board of
Endodontists.
In 2009, when Leif Bakland, DDS’63,
distinguished emeritus professor, retired, Dr. Handysides
replaced his mentor and friend as chair, Department of
Endodontics.
Appointed to the position of associate dean for Academic
Affairs in 2013, Dr. Handysides for four years has helped to
guide and direct the decision-making and implementation of
both clinical training and curriculum design so essential to the
maintenance, integrity, and growth of the School.
Dr. Handysides has authored or coauthored a number of peer
reviewed articles and textbook chapters in endodontics and
dental education. He has also presented numerous continuing
education seminars both nationally and internationally, enjoying
the various cultures and customs of the places he has visited.
Dr. Handysides and his wife, Minnie, have three daughters:
Nicole, Carina, and Alison.
9
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
TRANSITIONS
Tory Silvestrin: running life’s marathon at a sprint
ven though Tory Silvestrin, DDS, MSD’15 (Endo), MSHPE
E
In college, Tory did what was necessary to qualify for most
(2014) associate professor, Department of Endodontics, has
any healthcare-related degree program, graduating summa
been running life’s marathon at a sprint, it has been his habit to
cum laude at Pacific Lutheran University (PLU) in 2008 with a
make very considered life choices. Those
BA in biology. His academic excellence
decisions—and what he has done with
was not impeded by the work he did at
them—have brought him, five years out
the University’s writing center, where for
of dental school, to be named chair for
three years he tutored undergraduate,
LLU School of Dentistry’s Department of
graduate, and ESL students. And among
Endodontics.
the awards he received at PLU was
As a University of Washington,
the Regents Scholarship—a 4-year
Seattle, School of Dentistry senior in
full-tuition scholarship awarded for
2012, Tory applied to the endodontics
leadership, community service, and
advanced training programs of sixteen
academic achievement.
American
dental
schools.
Tory
(Sixteen
dentistry
at
the
happened to be the number of his father’s
University of Washington School of
football jersey and his own soccer
Dentistry, Seattle, thirty miles north of
jersey, he recalls with amusement.)
home, where he graduated in 2012 first
After considerable due diligence and
in a class of 63 and with more than a
Dr. Tory Silvestrin
dozen awards for academic, clinical, and
a two-hour phone conversation with
Mahmoud Torabinejad, DMD, MSD, PhD, professor, Department
of Endodontics, he chose LLUSD.
10
studied
research excellence.
But then he chose endodontics for specialty education,
Tory grew up in Fife, a suburb of Tacoma, Washington, in a
despite the need for endodontists to be available weekends (at
healthcare-oriented family—his dad is a public health specialist
least by phone) to alleviate pain. Tory actually began to consider
(sex-education) and his mother a nurse practitioner (OBGYN).
endodontics when he and his classmates were introduced to
One of the family’s neighbors was a dentist who wasn’t called
the rather intricate procedures involved in rescuing damaged or
out on weekends to deliver babies. Dentistry, Tory noticed, was
endangered teeth. He also noticed that most of his classmates
a health profession that offered the opportunity to benefit others
were not particularly drawn to that dental specialty and figured
on a more controlled schedule.
there would always be a need for its services.
An academic and athletic overachiever, Tory was captain of
Tory took considerable care with perhaps his most important
his high school tennis and golf teams and played for three years
life decision—whom to marry—and then plotted the moment
on Pacific Lutheran University’s varsity tennis team. He worked
of asking to maximize its memorialization. He’d shared a
through high school and college at Lakewood Racket and Sports
health sciences dental immersion day booth with a dental
Club teaching tennis, stringing rackets, scheduling members’
school classmate named Alexandria Brent during their summer
appointments, and maintaining the clubhouse.
prior to beginning dental school; they enjoyed the occasion’s
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
fraternity enough to become
Science in Health Professions
study partners. In 2014,
Education that he received
they ran together in her
from the LLU School of Allied
first marathon, the Seattle
Health in 2014. “I hold the
Marathon, on the Sunday
responsibility that rests on
after Thanksgiving in 2014.
an educator’s shoulders in
Just before the finish line,
high regard,” he says, “and,
Tory stopped the University
as such, want to ensure that
of
student
I come to the classroom with
council president, took a
every tool available in my
knee, and asked her if she
teaching toolbox. The MSHPE
would marry him. He wanted
program helped ensure that I
it on the record, and he knew
could stand behind the podium
that so many cameras (still
and work with students in
and video) were focused
the clinic with full assurance
continually on the finish
of my abilities to be an
line. He says, “I knew that
effective health professions
she was distracted by the
educator.” He began teaching
Washington
finish line looming ahead, so
she’d say yes to anything at
Just married, Dr. Alexandria Brent-Silvestrin and Dr. Tory Silvestrin
spent their honeymoon on Maui.
that moment, as long as I let her finish and get her hard-earned
at LLUSD in June 2015, almost
immediately after graduation
from LLUSD’s graduate program in endodontics.
medal. She may well have said yes regardless, but I wanted
When terrorists marred with horror the conclusion of the
to stack the odds in my favor; . . . after all she is the woman I
2013 Boston Marathon (three killed, 264 injured), running
want to spend the rest of my life with.” On September 12, 2015,
acquired for Dr. Silvestrin a role beyond stress relief and physical
the young dentists married and honeymooned on the Hawaiian
conditioning. He determined to run the 2014 Boston Marathon
island of Maui.
in solidarity with the victims who were affected by the tragic
Tory had begun long-distance running during the summer
between his junior and senior year of dental school as a way of
events and to stand as a member of the running community to
show a united desire to seek a lifestyle of fitness undeterred.
relieving stress after taking the National Boards Part II. Despite
He qualified for Boston in August 2013 by running the Surf
his enjoyment of tennis, with the tighter schedule and greater
City Marathon (Huntington Beach, California) in three hours
demands of dental school, he found running an outlet he could
and five minutes—approximately seven minutes per mile. As
exercise at will. He participated in the Portland Marathon, his
“a member of the running community I felt the need to run in
first, on October 9, 2011.
solidarity with those that were profoundly affected by the events
Now Doctor Silvestrin, he continued distance running during
of the 2013 Boston Marathon. It was a unique experience—
his three-year journey through LLUSD’s Advanced Specialty
running the Boston Marathon—and one that I will hold dear
Education Program in Endodontics, not to mention the Master of
forever. Crossing the finish line was enthralling (knowing how
11
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
many hours I’d dedicated to qualify for and run this iconic
Kelly as Seventh-day Adventist Christians on September 2,
event) and saddening (remembering the scenes and tragedy
2017, in the company of several dental family members as well
that occurred at that very place one year prior). I found myself
as their Mt. Rubidoux friends.
nearly in tears with the concomitant pride in my achievement
Dr. Silvestrin completed the end of the 2017 academic
and knowing what this race means to the running community.”
year with four substantial professional advancements. He
was
Dr. Silvestrin’s three hours
and one minute completion
time at the 2014 Boston
Marathon placed him in the
top 7 percent of finishers
and qualified him to run
again in 2015. He has not
missed running in a Boston
Marathon
since—finishing
“I hold the responsibility that
rests on an educator’s shoulders
in high regard and, as such,
want to ensure that I come
to the classroom with every
tool available in my teaching
toolbox.”
12
Diplomate
status by the American
Board of Endodontics; at
the
recommendation
the
LLUSD
of
promotions
committee, he was awarded
the status of associate
professor; and he accepted
the
position
of
chair,
Department of Endodontics.
2015 in 2:54; 2016 in 2:58;
and 2017 in 3:04.
awarded
He subsequently was appointed (August 1) associate graduate
Meanwhile he has run several ironman triathlons, including
director of the Advanced Specialty Education Program in
the November 2015 Arizona IRONMAN in Tempe where he
Endodontics. “I’m honored to undertake the responsibilities
competed with first time Ironman racer Brandon Soelberg,
entrusted to me in guiding predoctoral and graduate students
DDS’16. Dr. Silvestrin finished 101st out of 2,681 racers.
through their endodontic curriculum journeys. I’ve had great
While Dr. Silvestrin was juggling advanced degree programs,
mentors to guide me and provide sage advice through this
undergraduate instruction, and his running, Dr. Alexandria
transition and feel fully capable to succeed and excel in this
Brent-Silvestrin joined a team of five other private practitioners
new capacity.”
at Canyon Crest Dental in Riverside, to which she brings her
His sober engagement with the major issues of life illustrates
expertise as an oral conscious sedation provider, DOCS member,
Dr. Silvestrin’s profound belief in the interdependence of faith,
and Invisalign provider.
community, and service that was the foundation of his choice
One very meaningful activity the Drs. Silvestrin did together
after three years of studying and working at LLUSD to commit
away from dentistry was study the beliefs of their adopted
himself to the School and its programs as a faculty member and
community with a Seventh-day Adventist Church and its
now as an administrative participant as well. Without question,
pastor, Michael Kelly, as they assessed the biblical support for
he brings to his academic and professional accomplishments
Adventist Church doctrines. After engaging a number of local
the kind of energy and focus his marathon (and regular daily)
SDA congregations, the couple found at the Mt. Rubidoux
running habits imply.
SDA Church a welcoming community of faith. Following a lot
That running remains an important counterpoint to his
of considered Bible study and a growing conviction that they
professional life. With running comes endorphins and with
wanted to become seventh-day Sabbath-keeping Adventists,
endorphins comes cheer, and in the case of Dr. Silvestrin the
Tory and Alexandria made the decision to be baptized by Pastor
rule is borne out. It’s a wonderfully vicious cycle.
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
TRANSITIONS
Jessica Kim named director of Hugh Love Center for
Research & Education in Technology
essica Kim, DDS’05, assistant
professor, Division of General
Dentistry, was recently appointed
(September 8, 2017) director of the Hugh
Love Center for Research & Education in
Technology.
A former director of the LLUSD
International Dentist Program, Dr. Kim
replaces Nadim Baba, DMD, MSD,
professor, Division of General Dentistry,
whom Dean Joseph Caruso thanked “for
his five years of service in the capacity
of Technology Center leadership that has
provided a solid foundation on which we
will continue to build.”
Dr. Kim graduated in 2000 from Loma
Linda University School of Allied Health
Dr. Jessica Kim
Professions with a Bachelor of Science
degree in Clinical Laboratory Sciences.
It was during her undergraduate studies, while working
as a clinic laboratory scientist at the LLU Medical Center,
that Dr. Kim chose a career in dentistry.
J
After graduating with her DDS in 2005,
Dr. Kim earned a certificate in Dental
General Practice from the University
of Nevada School of Medicine in 2006.
With certificate in hand, she returned
to LLU as an assistant professor in the
Department of Restorative Dentistry,
where she mentored junior and senior
dental students in the School’s clinic
while working part time with a couple of
nearby dental practices, before joining
the LLU Faculty Dental Practice in
2008 and then the Koppel Special Care
Dentistry Center one day each week
beginning in 2010.
Dr. Kim was born in South Korea and
at the age of three moved to California
with her parents and sister. She is
married to Michael Kim, DDS’11, who practices privately in
the Inland Empire.
Pooyah Soltanzadeh has been
appointed an educator dentist
ooyah Soltanzadeh, DDS, has been appointed an educator dentist at LLUSD’s
P
Division of General Dentistry, beginning September 29, 2017.
Dr. Soltanzadeh received his DDS in 2009 from Tehran University of Medical
Sciences School of Dentistry in Iran, where he practiced dentistry for three years
before spending two years in a post-doctoral program at UCLA School of Dentistry in
prosthodontics while conducting research in implant dentistry.
In 2014, Dr. Soltanzadeh began LLUSD’s Advanced Specialty Education Program
in Prosthodontics from which he earned in 2017 a certificate and honors for excellent
performance in prosthodontics.
Dr. Pooyah Soltanzadeh
13
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
BY THE NUMBERS
Profiling the DDS class of 2021
GPA (cumulative)
Non-science average
Science average
DAT
Academic average
Total Science
Reading Comprehension
20.04
19.98
20.70
Applicants
Total applicants
SDA
1,844
149
84
3.51
3.68
3.39
Gender
Female
Male
30
73
Ethnicity
African American
1
Asian Pacific Islander 55
Caucasian
26
Hispanic
13
Mixed ethnicity
4
Unknown
3
Number of 2017 graduates
24
Class of 2017 doctor of dental surgery
29
More than half the class of 2021
matriculated from these six
schools:
Pacific Union College
18
La Sierra University
10
Southern Adventist University 10
Andrews University
7
Cal State University–Fullerton 5
Walla Walla University
4
Average Age 23.24
Number of 2017 graduates
Class of 2017 doctor of dental surgery
(International Dentist Program)
27
Number of 2017 graduates
Class of 2017 dental hygiene
(19 BS degrees; 10 AS degrees)
Number of 2017 graduates
Class of 2017 Advanced Specialty Education Programs
(25 professional certificates; 21 advanced degrees, MS or MSD)
$61.4 M
One Loma Linda: eight schools
Annual budgets in dollars
Annual enrollment in students
$38.5 M
$25.6 M
$14.7 M
$10.9 M
$38.5 M
$7.7 M
$3.0 M
1,294
360
SAHP
SBH
608
841
754
294
278
22
SD
SM
SN
SP
SPH
SR
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
WHERE ARE THEY NOW?
Brief updates on the noteworthy professional and personal activities of LLUSD alumni
Phil Hardy
Phil Hardy, DDS’73, lives near
Croscombe Nr Wells in Somerset,
Great Britain, a short distance from his
birthplace and the church he attended
as a child. But Dr. Hardy has not
always lived in England.
In an interview while practicing
dentistry in Victoria, B.C., 1973-76, he
heard the proposal, “You’re the kind
of guy Saudi Arabia needs.” After
agreeing to go, he received a phone
message, “Doc, you maybe should
Dr. Phil Hardy
know you will be dentist to the royal
family.” Thus began 40 years of dental practice in Saudi Arabia. Dr. Hardy
saw the first traffic light go into the capital city. Treating the richest man
in the world was quite a shift. The patient would show usually after three
no-show appointments, after hours naturally. His family and friends were
regulars at the dental office.
“I left Saudi after 40 years,” Dr. Hardy says. “I thought when I hung it up
life would be all over for me at 80. Now my orchids love me. They reside
in our conservatory. Underneath the conservatory the sauna is on. In a few
days I am off to New Zealand at 83.” As he tends his vegetable garden,
his neighbor calls him a rabbit. “Life is a ball,” he asserts.
Brian Nový
Discouraged by a high school teacher
who told him he wasn’t cut out to
be a dentist, Brian Nový, DDS’06,
became a successful counter tenor in
opera. But in his recurring panic, “Oh,
am I going to hit that high note?” he
turned to dentistry. It became a fit. In
the dental classroom as a teacher,
he found that opera performance
had reduced his anxiety about facing
an audience; he welcomed the
challenge to make dental materials
Dr. Brian Novy
interesting.
Now Dr. Nový is exploring new
steps in use of dental materials. He has placed more than 3,800
ionometer sealants on 500 children between the ages of two and
sixteen, documenting each with before/after photos. He describes the
project pursued during LLUSD trips to Nicaragua: “Unlike most mission
trips, the focus is on preventing new disease rather than extracting the
worst tooth in the mouth, and we are gathering data on our success.”
Dr. Nový’s experience in clinical research, teaching, and practicing
dentistry has contributed to his expertise in risk-assessment
and evidence-based dentistry. Now located in Westborough,
Massachusetts, he serves as director of practice improvement
at DentaQuest Institute and president of the DentaQuest Oral
Health Center. He calls his career “the best job in the world.”
Janice Klim-Lemann
Janice Klim-Lemann, DDS’’84, is
one of the country’s 86 diplomates
boarded by the American Board of
Forensic Odontology. Her expertise
was honed by performing a rigid
set of procedures: two years’
affiliation with a forensic agency and
performing a minimum of 35 cases,
identifying at least 20 or more, 15 of
them with positive results.
During 20 years of dental practice
in Fontana, California, Dr. Lemann
Dr. Janice Klim-Lemann
processed the specified cases and
became a boarded forensic odontologist. Because teeth have such hard
substance, they provide evidence when the body otherwise is destroyed.
Dr. Lemann describes a challenging homicide case. The victim’s body
parts were chopped and burned in three different fire pits. Sifting through
the pits recovered parts of two upper molars. Spotting unique root and
pulpal anatomy, Dr. Lemann made a one-to-one record of the x-ray and
the molars. Superimposed, they provided a positive ID.
Dr. Lemann arrived at the twin towers in New York City on September
14, after the 9/11 attack. In the ante mortem section, she entered
information into a computer. Many identifications depended on bits
and pieces. Relatives came by, putting up pictures and offering dental
records of their loved ones. Yes, the work is satisfying, says Dr. Lemann.
“You’re helping solve a puzzle and thereby permit closure.”
Sunie Nelson-Keller
Combined nursing and dental hygiene
skills enhance the status of Sunie
Nelson-Keller, RN’77, BS’79 (DH),
of Rocklin, California. She is a certified
legal nurse consultant. Her dual role
brings a variety of business.
She recalls the case of an
endodontist charged with doing a
procedure on the wrong tooth. After
examining the records she reported
to the attorney, “No malpractice
involved. The client is claiming that
Ms. Sunie Nelson-Keller
the procedure occurred on a tooth that
is obviously a virgin tooth.”
In a wrongful death case, an 80-year-old woman coded during
cosmetic leg surgery. Reading the records, Sunie found that while the
surgeon was absent for 40 minutes, the patient was turning blue as the
nurse pumped IV sedation—a forbidden procedure without the presence
of a physician. Alerted, Sunie’s attorney/client made a five-minute call
to the defense, settled the case for $250, 000 and said to Sunie, “It was
well worth having you review the case for me.”
“I get paid for sleuthing through medical and dental records,” says
Sunie, who also lectures to attorney groups on malpractice. Her latest
publication is pertinent: Dental infection issues that contribute to dental
malpractice, Journal of Legal Nurse Consulting, 2016; 27:2: 31-35.
15
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
DEVELOPMENT
Hayden family donates valuable research material
A stunning collection of fetal anatomic prosections, and ‘approximately 50,000
glass slides’ of tissues originally prepared and stained for light microscopy
by Edwin Christiansen, DDS, PhD, and Dwight Rice, DDS
ollowing the death of LLUSD teaching
alumnus Jess Hayden Jr., DMD, MS,
PhD, in 2012, a sequence of contacts
between the School of Dentistry and Dr.
Hayden’s widow, Anita Hayden, and his
son, Gregory Hayden, resulted in a unique
gift to LLU School of Dentistry—Dr.
Hayden’s collection of professional books,
journals, teaching materials, and archived
research.
At the suggestion of LLUSD alumnus
Gerald Denehy, DDS’68,
Gregory
Hayden reached out initially to William
Hooker, PhD, associate professor, School
of Medicine, who contacted Charles
Dr. Jess Hayden, Jr
Goodacre, DDS’71, MSD, distinguished
professor, Advanced Specialty Education
Program in Prosthodontics; both encouraged Dwight Rice,
DDS’96, associate professor, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, to
oversee the Hayden collection donation.
Under the supervision of Dr. Hooker and Dr. Rice, the collection
was moved from Dr. Hayden’s garage, where it had been stored
for over 15 years, to the more controlled environment of Prince
Hall, where it remains under the curatorship of Dr. Rice.
F
16
What makes the gift of Dr. Hayden’s
collected professional work product so
important is the nature of his preserved
research (see box page 18) that includes
a stunning collection of fetal anatomic
prosections, and approximately 50,000
glass slides of tissues originally prepared
and stained (either standard hematoxylin
and eosin or other tissue-specific special
staining) for light microscopy.
According to Gregory Hayden,
following a change of deans, his father
left his position as associate dean for
research at the University of Iowa School
of Dentistry to pursue a fellowship in
anesthesia at the University of Denver,
where he became senior clinical fellow.
He remained in Denver to practice privately before closing his
office in the late 1980s. Subsequently called to active duty
with the Navy for the Persian Gulf War, he was stationed at
Balboa Naval Hospital in San Diego. After his discharge from
the Navy, Dr. Hayden lived for a time at his hometown of
Eugene, Oregon, before retiring to Loma Linda.
“Dr. Hayden was ahead of his time,” says Dr. Rice. “All the
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Photo courtesy of Dr. Dwight Rice, Hayden Collection curator and contact for images.
From the Hayden Collection:
This micro-sectioned and histologically stained
slide depicting the formation of mandibular tooth
buds was imaged using the Zeiss Axio Scan Z1
scanner. The high resolution of the scan enables
the illustration of structures down to the cellular
level. In this example, odontoblasts and the
developing enamel are shown at various zoom
levels.
17
slides are serially registered, meaning that scanned slides can
be ‘electronically stacked’ in a way that may allow them to
be reconstructed as 3D images using computed tomography
(CT) imaging software.” The scanning process is necessary
to accomplish the complex manipulations necessary to
electronically archive each slide in a digital format. Once
digitized and organized, the collection will become a dynamic
research tool available to research scientists everywhere.
What was it that led Dr. Hayden to spend more than a
decade of effort to produce the 50,000 slides? The ongoing
search for understanding. The task he assigned himself was
funded by three independent research grants: NIDR, 19571960; NIDR, NICHHD, 1961-1965; NIDR, NICHHD, 1967-1972.
Dr. Hayden spent 12 years recording anatomical variability
in the development of fetal jaw neurovascular pathways in
his “laboratory” located in a small room below the Shryock
Anatomy Amphitheater (see Shryock Hall adjacent page), where
he meticulously recorded, numbered, and cross referenced in a
logbook each step of his anatomical indexing project.
As far as can be determined, the Hayden Collection is not
just rare but the only such aggregation of fetal jaw prosections
in the world—a “one-off” collection, the only one in existence!
Since the “rediscovery” and donation of Dr. Hayden’s work,
academic and research scholars have expressed strong interest
in having open access to his collection as a valuable supplement
to their instructional and research efforts.
Interested readers may contact Dwight Rice at: drice@llu.edu
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
L-R: Edwin Christiansen, Dwight Rice, Anita Hayden, William Hooker, and
Gregory Hayden
The Hayden Collection contents
18
• 180 large microscopic glass slide cases holding approximately 240
glass slides per box (43,200)
• 30 medium microscopic glass slide cases holding approximately 100
glass slides per box (3,000)
• 50 small microscopic glass slide cases holding approximately 50
glass slides per box (2,500-total slide collection is approximately
48,700 slides)
• 30 dry mandibles
• 1 dried bone teaching skull
• 400 historic teaching glass projection slides
• 2 (16mm) movies used in teaching of the project
• 100 photos of hand-drawn illustrations used in publications and
teaching
• Jess Hayden, Jr. DMD, PhD, histology slides documents (1 box)
• Jess Hayden, Jr. PhD thesis
Summer / Autumn 2017
The Zeiss Axio Scan.Z1 is a rapid slide scanner
for brightfield and fluorescence that digitizes
specimens and creates high-resolution, virtual
images for demanding virtual microscopy.
Making it happen
The availability of Dr. Hayden’s stunning
archives to forthcoming research projects
is entirely dependent on the optimal
preservation of the collection. This requires
that each slide be cleaned, reconditioned,
digitally scanned, and catalogued to enable
accessibility that will transform this asset
to one that is digitized and archived online
for research scientists worldwide. This
transformation will require a ZEISS, highresolution, optical scanner. Contributions
to that acquisition are more than welcome
and can be made by contacting the LLUSD
philanthropy team at (909) 558-4754, email:
sdgiving@llu.edu or go to: tinyurl.com/
jycabbj
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Pediatric Dentistry receives large gift to fund PNAM for cleft
lip/palate babies
n behalf of the Advanced Specialty Education Program in
cosmetically effective PNAM has been with the LLUSD
Pediatric Dentistry, Jung-Wei “Anna” Chen, DDS, MS, PhD,
graduate program’s young cleft lip and palate patients.
MS, its program director, was presented a check on July 17,
Dr. and Mrs. Oh were impressed and touched by how
2017, for $200,000 to advance the use of
effectively the PNAM procedures fulfill Mr.
Pre-surgical Nasal Alveolar Molding (PNAM)
Olsen’s intentions.
on infants with cleft palate/cleft lip.
Dr. Oh was surprised to learn that
The gift from the late Eric Olsen’s
this was the first time a donation has
estate was presented by its executors
been made to support cleft lip and palate
(Olsen’s next door neighbors and friends),
patients treated with the PNAM procedure
Dr. Ron Oh and his wife Marge Oh (sister
and appliance at LLUSD. He believes this is
of LLUSD Professor Dan Tan, DDS’75A).
a [near] miracle that should be well known
Mr. Olsen concluded his career working in
and widely available to the public.
labor relations at LLU’s Human Resources
A small committee will oversee the
department.
disposition of the gift’s annual interest,
The Ohs approached the LLUSD Office
which will be used to spread cleft lip and
of Philanthropy because Mr. Olsen’s will Eric Olsen, PNAM benefactor
palate awareness and to let families of the
stated that he wanted to help children with
Inland Empire and beyond know that PNAM
cleft lip and palate. Mr. Olsen was born with a deformed arm
treatment is available at LLUSD. The gift will support financially
and throughout his life felt diminished by people noticing
the families of cleft lip/cleft palate babies by covering small
his abnormality. He was particularly attracted to the idea of
but important aspects of their lives such as child care and gas
minimizing the embarrassment of cleft lip children and sparing
money for their treatment appointments that involve weekly
them the pain he felt at being noticeably different.
visits to closely monitor the progress of such young patients.
LLUSD development officer Juliana Powell arranged a
2019 will mark the 10-year reunion for patients who were
meeting with Dr. Chen and the Ohs on behalf of Mr. Olsen,
first treated with the PNAM appliance in LLU’s Pediatric
who died in April this year.
Dentistry Clinic. This event will bring together a large
Using two PowerPoint presentations, Dr. Chen reviewed
gathering of PNAM alumni and their parents to celebrate
with Dr. and Mrs. Oh the significant advantages of the PNAM
the success stories of so many PNAM babies and the life
process and shared with them past copies of the School of
enhancing possibilities Mr. Olsen’s generous gift will expand.
Dentistry’s alumni journal that included examples of how
O
L-R: Juliana Powell, Dr. Chen, Dr. Oh, Mrs. Oh, and Dr. Tan.
19
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
COMMENCEMENT 2017
LLUSD’S 61st conferring of degrees
B
acked by a blur of international flags and a cordon
of LLUSD faculty, the School of Dentistry’s May 28, 2017,
commencement address was given by Jim Wood, DDS’86,
second term assemblyman for California’s 2nd District.
Dr. Wood chose to attend LLUSD “because I valued its
mission—’Service Is Our Calling.’ They said if you give back,
become an excellent clinician, and do the best for your patients,
you’ll be successful. And its absolutely true.”
Victoria Kha: “The Mighty 19” are “prepared for any challenges.”
He closed with a couple of statements he finds most
meaningful. From David Viscott: “The purpose of life is to discover
your gift. . . .The meaning of life is to give your gift away.”
And his personal favorite from Nelson Mandela: “I never
lose; I either win or I learn.”
“You have all won here today,” he congratulated the classes
of 2017. “I hope you always win.”
Dr. Jim Wood: “You have all won here today.”
20
For Dr. Wood, giving back meant 26 years of private practice
in the small town of Cloverdale where he became increasingly
involved in its community life—Rotary Club, planning
commission, and city council.
He also became engaged in the wider world as a designated
forensic dentist representing the North Coast counties of
California and as a member of the national emergency team
responding to the attack on the World Trade Center after 9/11
and to the aftermath of hurricane Katrina in New Orleans.
“Those events left me changed in many ways,” he noted. “I
returned with an even stronger passion to serve others.”
As a result of his extensive community engagement, he
also “heard a new calling and ran for the state legislature,”
where he has become particularly instrumental in the issue of
healthcare accessibility and environmental protections.
“You have a gift,” he reminded the class of 2017. “You’ve
become a dentist to care for people, to help people, to educate
and encourage them to take care of themselves. Your gift can
change someone’s life. It can change their trajectory in life.”
Listing a variety of opportunities in the dental profession, Dr.
Wood added, “But I hope all of you will open yourselves up to the
larger community and know that your education has just begun.”
The Mighty 19
Dental Hygiene BS degree class of 2017 president Victoria
Kha thanked faculty, family, friends, and “especially those who
were brave enough to be our patients.”
Reconfigurations of recruitment and admissions processes
had provided the class of 2017 a smaller than normal 19
students—what the Department of Dental Hygiene faculty
called The mighty 19. “The smaller class size,” Ms. Kha noted,
“provided advantages of extra faculty attention, more one-onone with professors, and more time on the clinic.”
The Mighty 19 “motivated each other as each quarter got
exponentially harder . . . with strength, laughter, and clarity.”
“These challenges facilitated growth,” Ms. Kha was
confident. “And our education at Loma Linda has prepared us
for any challenges that our careers may throw at us.”
We’ve walked a tightrope.
Dentistry class of 2017 president Evan Agnetta thanked
“my wife, Locha, and all the spouses that endured with us
and carried us through. You are our inspiration, never failing
or wavering in your faith in us, you’ve been patient and you’ve
made our goals your own. This accomplishment is just as
much yours as ours.
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Dr. Young is congratulated by Dr. Hart and Dr. Caruso.
Evan Agnetta” “Our trust was well placed.”
“When we began this journey . . . naively [we were] armed
only with the essentials: faith, hope, confidence, determination
and, perhaps most importantly, profound ignorance.”
Agnetta relied on C. S. Lewis (The Problem of Pain) to explain
that we too often associate love with happiness and ease:
“We are, not metaphorically but in very truth, divine works of
art, something that is being made, and therefore something
with which the artist will not be satisfied until it has a certain
character.”
“While ‘it may be natural,’ as Lewis wrote, ‘for us to wish
a less difficult and arduous destiny, we would be wishing for
one with less love and not more.’ And while it may not have
always felt like it [love] when Dr. Taylor’s mass emails went
out, or when we read Dr. Young’s comments on our lab slips, we
have experienced a great privilege to be here.
“This journey started with approximately 1,700 applicants.
Of those, 93 were accepted. Of those original 93, 82 are here
today. . . . When I look out at our class, I see the beginnings of
many beautiful masterpieces. And as our freefall has ended, we
have found that our trust was well placed.”
Agnetta left his classmates with one final thought and a
quote. “Rather than allowing yourself to be defined by your
past and where you have been, insist on defining yourself by
where you are going. Winston Churchill said, ‘Success is not
final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that
counts.’”
Faculty awards
Before the conferring of degrees, three faculty members
were selected for special recognition. Ronald Young,
DMD, assistant professor, Division of General Dentistry, was
presented the Teacher of the Year Award by Robert Handysides,
DDS’93, associate dean, Office of Academic Affairs, who said
in citing Dr. Young:
Dr. Ronald Young is an Inland Empire native raised in Cherry
Valley and attended high school in Beaumont. He earned his
bachelor’s degree in chemistry from USC in 1977 and his DMD
from Fairleigh Dickinson University School of Dentistry in 1981.
Dr. Young spent most of his career as a solo practitioner in
Hawaii. He returned to the mainland and assumed a teaching
position here at Loma Linda in 2005. Since his arrival, students
have appreciated his warm, caring demeanor, his clinical
experience and knowledge, as well as his flamboyant Hawaiian
shirts. . . .
As evidence of the students’ respect for Dr. Young’s teaching,
one only has to look at the consistently outstanding evaluations
that are submitted about him by students. From this year’s
graduating students:
“Dr. Young is funny and energetic. He is extremely
knowledgeable to work with.” “He’s a great person to have on
clinic; he challenges you; but makes sure you get through on a
positive note.” “Dr. Young has been a valuable mentor to me on
clinic. He brings a real-world approach to the clinic that is very
applicable to me moving forward in my career.”
While Ron has been teaching here for 12 years, it is viewed
by many as not nearly long enough. Despite these feelings,
he has announced his desire to step down at the end of this
school year. But before he goes into a well-deserved retirement,
and in appreciation for what he has contributed to Loma Linda
University, and in particular to the School of Dentistry family, it
is my honor to present Dr. Ronald Young the 2017, School of
Dentistry Teacher of the Year Award by saying, “Mahalo
and congratulations, Ronald!”
Presenting the other two LLUSD faculty award recipients
with awards for their distinguished contributions to the School
of Dentistry, Interim Dean Joseph Caruso said,
After completing his dental degree at Loma Linda University in
1975, Edwin Christiansen, DDS’75, MA, PhD, joined a
dental practice in South Lancaster, Massachusetts. The following
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LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Dr. Christiansen accepts congratulations from Dr. Hart and Dr.
Caruso.
22
year, Dr. Christiansen returned to the West Coast and a group
practice until 1977, when he began practicing privately in San
Bernardino, California. In 1979 he joined Loma Linda University’s
School of Dentistry faculty and subsequently became coordinator
of its temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Clinic.
His interest in research began early in his career
when studying the use of advanced imaging modalities to
identify temporomandibular disorders. In the early 1980s,
Dr. Christiansen completed an externship at the LLUMC
Radiology Department exploring magnetic resonance imaging
and computed tomography related to TMJ imaging and
interpretation. It is of note that LLU was identified as a leader
in the field of TMJ imaging during the 1970s and l980s.
Dr. Christiansen has continued his research and has
published over 60 scientific papers and abstracts in peerreviewed journals. In addition he has presented over 40
papers and posters at scientific sessions of national, state,
and local professional organizations. His publication record
has helped form the basis for co-authoring two textbooks
on TMJ imaging, and, in addition, he has co-authored six
textbook chapters – all relating to advanced imaging of head
and neck anatomy.
In recognition of his outstanding scholarship and for his
invaluable contributions to the dental profession in the field of
head and neck research and treatment, the School of Dentistry
names Dr. Edwin Christiansen recipient of the School
Distinguished Research Award.
Yiming Li, DDS, MSD, PhD, spent five years at a Chinese
government-mandated farm, operating farm machinery,
navigating boats, and filling in as electrician and plumber
before aptitude tests enabled him to take dentistry at
Shanghai’s College of Stomatology. He subsequently joined
its faculty. Further assessment earned Dr. Li an overseas
student grant to Indiana University.
Summer / Autumn 2017
Dr. Li is congratulated by Dr. Hart.
When recruited in 1997 by Loma Linda University, Dr. Li was
serving as director of Indiana University’s Cell Culture Research
Laboratory, director of the Biocompatibility Core Facility of its
Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Center, and director of
its Electron Microscopy/Confocal Microscope Facility.
At LLU School of Dentistry, Dr. Li joined the Biocompatibility
and Toxicology Research Laboratory at the Center for Dental
Research, becoming in 2004 its director. He has worked tirelessly
to update and upgrade the Center, ultimately designing and
overseeing installation of its new facility in Chan Shun Pavilion,
which opened in February 2015, a year after he was appointed
LLUSD associate dean for Research.
A prolific researcher, Dr. Li has generated 305 publications
(including 127 articles/book chapters and 178 abstracts) during
his professional career. In addition, he has given more than 139
presentations worldwide.
Dr. Li has served his profession in many capacities including
teaching in pre-doctoral and post-doctoral classes; he has been
a member of the Graduate Student Advisory and Research
committees for 25 students, is a member of the editorial board
of four dental journals, reviews manuscripts for 16 journals, and
is a special reviewer for NIH/NIDR grant applications.
Highly esteemed for his professional expertise, achievements,
and contributions to his profession, Dr. Li has received numerous
invitations for international professorships.
In recognition of his outstanding scholarship and invaluable
contribution to the field of dentistry, the School of Dentistry
names Dr. Yiming Li recipient of the School Distinguished
Service Award.
A few pictorial memories from LLUSD’s 2017 Commencement
service, including photos from LLUSD’s dental hygiene, dentistry,
dentistry (IDP) and advanced education programs appear on the
adjacent and following pages.
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As these photos illlustrate, at least a dozen
2017 graduating dentists were either the
offspring, siblings, or spouses of LLUSD
alumni (follow the numbers):
1. David You with his sister, Julia You,
DDS’14; 2. Jordan Higa, with his father,
Edward Higa, DDS’87 and his mother,
Peggy Higa, BS’88 (DH); 3. Alyssa MeisterBurns, with her father, Robert Meister,
DDS’78; 4. Ereni Sellas, with her father,
James Sellas, DDS’83, and her sister, Sophia
Sellas-Gile, DDS’11; 5. Mason Segura,
with his father, Thomas Segura, DDS; 6.
Miranda Kore, with her mother, Rachel Kore,
DDS’01; 7. Jessica Kwon, with her sister,
Catherine Kwon, DDS’09; 8. Kelly Kaban,
with her father, Lawrence Kaban, DDS’86;
9. Jonathan Stuart, with his brother, Geoff
Stuart, DDS’03; 10. Bryan Otis, with his
father, David Otis, DDS’85; 11. Tanner
Song, with his father, Ki Song, DDS’90, and
his mother, Tamara Elloway-Song, DDS’90;
12. Timothy Prewitt, with his father, Randall
Prewitt, DDS’82
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These dentistry class of 2017 graduates
demonstrate that happiness has many
faces as they celebrate their diplomas
(From upper left and clockwise):
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1. Jim Ervil with acting dean, Dr.
Caruso;
2. Jason Ahn;
3. Valecia Liew;
4. Macy Fuhs;
5. Fabiola Giron with Dr. Caruso;
6. Bashar Fargo and Bassam
Fargo;
7. Samuel Sauza;
8. Ashley Atkins with Dr. Caruso;
9. Osman Cruz with Dr. Caruso;
10. Richard Le.
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Eight class of 2017 Dental Hygiene graduates
with their diplomas (and five of their mentors)
are pictured (some with Interim Dean Joseph
Caruso) clockwise from upper left:
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1. Jessica Daniel, AS (DH);
2. Tiffany Francis, AS (DH);
3. Estefany Hernandez, BS (DH);
4. Tricia Rodriguez, BS (DH);
5. Lemuel Feceu, BS (DH);
6. Dental hygiene mentors (L-R):
Kris Wilkins, BS’80 (DH), MA’02;
Shirley Lee, BS’82 (DH), MS’07;
Shelly Hayton, BS’82 (DH), MA’10;
Bethany Shears, BS (DH); and
Patricia Lennan, BS (DH), MS’14
7. Alycia Lopez, BS (DH)
8. Rachel Norman, BS (DH)
9. Joufika Gestoso, AS (DH)
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Summer / Autumn 2017
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A sampling of the International Dentist
Program (IDP) class of 2017 graduates
appear from top left and clockwise:
1. Laila Hadid and her husband, Omran
Bishbish, DDS’16 (IDP), are
bracketed by IDP director, Dr. Mark
Estey, and acting dean, Dr. Joseph
Caruso;
2. Artur Arkelakyan holds his diploma
between Dr. Estey and Dr. Caruso;
3. A pleased Hussam Aloka (class
representative) stands with his DDS
diploma;
4. Jane Kenneth Zarate is congratulated
by Dr. Estey and Dr. Caruso;
5. Olga Leizerovitz displays her diploma;
6. Yulia Chigir presents her diploma to the
camera;
7. Anahita Akbari Farahani delights in
her accomplishment;
8. Reza Abaei-Tafreshi receives his
diploma from Dr. Estey and Dr.
Caruso;
9. Lokesh Kumar has reason to smile.
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LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Advanced endontic program graduates Brent Hiebert, DDS’10; Rita
Hung, DMD; Gregory Sprague, DDS; and Kiarash Yeganegi, DDS,
anticipate their MSD diplomas.
Advanced pediatric dentistry program graduate Linda
Ngo, DDS, holds her MSD diploma between program
director, Dr. Jung Wei Chen and acting dean, Dr.
Joseph Caruso.
Advanced OMFS graduate, Glenn Green, DDS receives his
certificate bracketed by OMFS program director, Dr. Jayini
Thakker and acting dean, Dr. Joseph Caruso.
27
Advanced periodontics graduate Munehiko Ro, DDS,
holds his certificate between program director, Dr. Erik
Sahl, and acting dean, Dr. Joseph Caruso.
Advanced orthodontics and facial orthopedics prgram
graduate, Skyler Liatti, DDS’14, exults in his MS diploma
as he hugs orthodontics department chair, Dr. Leroy Leggitt.
Advanced periodontics program graduates, Munehiko Ro, DDS,
(Cert); Fallon Livingston, DDS’14, MS; and Caitlyn Bell, DDS,
MS, celebrate.
Advanced prosthodontic program graduates, Abdulkareem
Alshehri, BDS, MS; Sarah Bukhari, BDS, MS; and Brian
Goodacre, DDS’13, MSD (dual major: implant dentistry
& prosthodontics) anticipate their diplomas.
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
LLUSD officers commissioned and promoted
L-R: Mason Segura, DDS’17, Lieutenant, US Navy; Stephan Barrington, DDS’17, Lieutenant, US Navy; Michael
Siy, DDS’17, Lieutenant, US Navy; Michael Schwer, DDS’17, Lieutenant, US Navy; Dr. Gary Golden; Dr. Clyde
Roggenkamp; Dr. Leslie Arnett; Alyssa Meister-Burns, DDS’17, Captain, US Army; Charlie Kim, DDS’17, Captain,
US Army; and Jason Ahn, DDS’17, Captain, US Air Force
Seven graduating dental students participated in the Sunday morning, May 28, 2017, Commissioning Ceremony
conducted by Michael Walter, MD, Brigadier General, US Army (retired) at the Randall Visitor Center. Gary
Golden, DDS’76, assistant professor, Division of General Dentistry, Colonel, USAF (Retired), offered prayer. Also
standing in support with the newly commissioned LLUSD graduates were Clyde Roggenkamp, DDS’70, MSD,
MPH, associate professor, Division of General Dentistry, Lt Colonel, US Air Force (Retired), and Leslie Arnett,
DDS, MS’68, professor, Department of Periodontics, US Navy Lieutenant (Retired).
Mrs. Marianne Walter offered encouraging remarks to the spouses, General Walter recited the Oath of Office
and Promotion, and the audience joined the newly commissioned and promoted officers in singing “God Bless
America.”
2017 officer commissioning photos are available at: https://llusd.shutterfly.com/pictures/20576
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Dental hygiene students pinned
T
wenty-nine graduating dental hygiene students from the BS and AS programs, 19 and 10 respectively, took part in the
School of Dentistry’s annual dental hygiene pinning ceremony. Pictured below, class of 2017 dental hygiene students
anticipate their pinning ceremony at the entrance to the Loma Linda Campus Hill SDA Church.
29
Dental hygiene student awards—2017
American Association of Public Health Dentistry
Lemuel Feceu, BS’17
Bates Award
Uyen To, BS’17
California Dental Hygienists’ Association
Outstanding Leadership Award
Simone McClelland, AS’17, Cammie Antell, BS’17
Clinician’s Award
Jessica Daniel, BS’17
Colgate STAR Award
Andi Chau, BS’17
Dean’s Award
Bethany Shears, BS’17
Joni Stephens’ Preventive Dentistry Award for
Research (BS’17)
Cammie Antell, Kiarra Gist, Bethany Shears, Uyen To
Klooster Humanitarian Award
Rachel Norman, BS’17, Amanda Lopez, AS’17
Middleton Award
Bethany Shears, BS’17, Joufika Gestoso, BS’17
Mitchell Award
Norma Juarez, BS’17, Tiffany Gurrola, BS’17
Service Learning Award
Lemuel Feceu, BS’17, Bethany Shears, BS’17
Sigma Phi Alpha Award
Cammie Antell, BS’17, Vicoria Kha, BS’17,
Kiarra Gist, BS’17
Tri-County Dental Hygienist’s Society Award
Cammie Antell, BS’17
Western Society of Periodontology Award
Melissa Cardenas, AS’17
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
STUDENT AWARDS
Student Achievement Awards 2017
During the School’s annual banquets for DDS and IDP students and during graduation weekend, 55
different awards were presented or recognized as having been received elsewhere. The awards and
their recipients are listed below alphabetically.
Academy of Dentistry International Student Servant
Leadership Award
Christopher Chan, DDS’17
Academy of General Dentistry Award
Kelly Kaban, DDS’17, Mason Segura, DDS’17
Academy of Operative Dentistry Award
Cara Jones, DDS’17
Academy of Osseointegration Implant Dentistry
June Kim, DDS’17
Alpha Omega Certificate of Academic Achievement
Meryl Liu, DDS’17
Alumni Association Award
Timothy Prewitt, DDS’17
American Academy of Gold Foil Operators
David You, DDS’17
American Academy of Implant Dentistry
Kelly Kaban, DDS’17
American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Award
Meryl Liu, DDS’17
American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
Award
Bryan Otis, DDS’17
American Academy of Oral Medicine Award
Meryl Liu, DDS’17
American College of Prosthodontists Award
Kenton Dalen-Gryckiewicz, DDS’17
American Dental Association Foundation Scholarship (D2)
Bianca Esparza, DDS’17, Kelly Kaban, DDS’17,
Amanda Manzano, DDS’17, Melissa Seidel, DDS’17
American Dental Society of Anesthesiology Horace
Wells Award
Dana Yoon, DDS’17
American Student Dental Association
Evan Agnetta, DDS’17
Annual Colgate Student Research Recognition
Stephan Barrington, DDS’17
Boyko Award for Christ-like Service
Michael Siy, DDS’17
Brian D. Stone Memorial Award
Eric Gutierrez, DDS’17
California Dental Association Senior Award
Chamandeep Brar, DDS’17
CDA Foundation Research Table Clinic Scholarships (D3)
2nd Place: Stephan Barrington
3rd Place: Charlie Kim
Honorable Mention: Mason Segura
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry
Mason Segura, DDS’17
Clinic Awards – DDS’17
Christopher Chan, Macy Fuhs, Eric Gutierrez,
Kelly Kaban, Meryl Liu, Mason Segura, Michael Siy,
Jonathan Stuart
– DDS’17 (IDP)
Haider Anwar, Martha Senar
American Academy of Periodontology
Macy Fuhs, DDS’17
Delta Dental Student Leadership Award
Christopher Chan, DDS’17
American Association of Endodontists
Hussam Aloka, DDS’17
Fixed Prosthodontics Award
Melissa Seidel, DDS’17
American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgeons Award
Christopher Chan, DDS’17
ICOI/Dentsply Pre-doctoral Student Achievement
Award
Meryl Liu, DDS’17
American Association of Oral Biologists
Charlie Kim, DDS’17
International College of Dentists Student Leadership Award
Kyim Mung, DDS’17
American Academy of Orofacial Pain Award
Christopher Chan, DDS’17
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American College of Dentists, SoCal Section
Kenton Dalen-Gryckiewicz, DDS’17
American Association of Orthodontists Award
Melissa Seidel, DDS’17
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
International College of Dentists Student Humanitarian
Award
Michael Siy, DDS’17
LLU Center for Dental Research Basic Science
Award (D2)
Meryl Liu, DDS’17
Pierre Fauchard Academy Award
Mason Segura, DDS’17
Pierre Fauchard Academy Foundation Scholarship (D3)
Timothy Prewitt, DDS’17
President’s Award
Michael Siy, DDS’17
LLU IDP Fixed Prosthodontics Award
Omar Alhmoud, DDS’17 (IDP)
Prince Award
Evan Agnetta, DDS’17
LLU IDP Removable Prosthodontics Award
Meerna Zaghloul, DDS’17 (IDP)
Service Learning Awards (DDS’17)
Osman Cruz, Bianca Esparza, Macy Fuhs,
Amanda Manzano, Melissa Seidel
National Association of Seventh-day Adventist Dentists
Kyim Mung, DDS’17
Oesterling-Wical Removable Prosthodontics Award
Eric Williamson, DDS’17
Omicron Kappa Upsilon (OKU) Awards – DDS’17
Evan Agnetta, Christopher Chan, Macy Fuhs, Laila
Hadid (IDP), Kelly Kaban, June Kim, Joshua Kim, Meryl
Liu, Kyiim Mung, Bryan Otis, Melissa Seidel, Meerna
Hanna Zaghloul (IDP)
OKU, William S. Kramer Award for Excellence (D3)
Meryl Liu, DDS’17
Oral and Facial Surgeons of California Award
Isaac Lowe, DDS’17
Southern California Academy of Oral Pathology Award
June Kim, DDS’17
Southern California Society of Dentistry for Children
Macy Fuhs, DDS’17
Terry Tanaka Student Humanitarian Award (D3)
Michael Siy, DDS’17
Western Society of Periodontology Award
Bryan Otis, DDS’17
Wil Alexander Whole Person Care Award
Michael Siy, DDS’17
Wilfred A. Nation Award
Eric Gutierrez, DDS’17
Honors Program Recognition
Graduates recognized for Elective Program completion
Hussam Aloka, DDS’17 (IDP)
Endodontics
Meryl Liu, DDS’17
Implant Dentistry
Chamandeep Brar, DDS’17
Maasai Dental Clinic Clerkship
Isaac Lowe, DDS’17
Oral Maxillofacial Surgery
Christopher Chan, DDS’17
Oral Maxillofacial Surgery
Amanda Manzano, DDS’17
Dental Education
Jim Ervil, DDS’17
Maasai Dental Clinic Clerkship
Kyim Mung, DDS’17
Dental Education
Macy Fuhs, DDS’17
Pediatric Dentistry
Mason Segura, DDS’17
Pediatric Dentistry
Emily Johnson, DDS’17
Dental Education
Melissa Seidel, DDS’17
Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics
Cara Jones, DDS’17
Esthetic Dentistry
Dana Yoon, DDS’17
Dental Anesthesiology
Kelly Kaban, DDS’17
Implant Dentistry
Meerna Zaghloul, DDS’17 (IDP)
Prosthodontics
Charlie Kim, DDS’17
Dental Education
Jane Zarate, DDS’17 (IDP)
Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics
June Kim, DDS’17
Dental Anesthesiology
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LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
Bonding and zirconia–A literature review of
laboratory studies
Montry Suprono, DDS, MSD
INTRODUCTION
S
32
ince the 1980s, research on dental ceramics has led to the
crystals, commonly referred to as yttria-stabilized tetragonal
development of high-performance materials with increased
zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP)7-9 (Figure 3).
fracture resistance, improved esthetics, and long-term durabilThe superior mechanical properties of zirconia can partially
ity. Zirconia, often referred to as zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), was
be attributed to its unique ability to transform between phases,
discovered in 1789 by M.H. Klaproth.1 Appropriated as a restorknown as transformation toughening.10 Transformation toughenative material, it has been vastly improved to meet the demands
ing occurs when the material changes from a tetragonal (t) to a
of dentistry, and has gained popularity with dental clinicians
monoclinic (m) phase. This t m phase transformation occurs
due, among other properties, to its high strength. Although suwhen the zirconia is cooled and undergoes a 3-5% volumetric experior mechanical properties
pansion.7,8 Because of the simi(strength, toughness, fatigue
larity between this process and
resistance)2 have been reThe reported flexural strength
what is observed during marported, its ability to achieve
tensite formation in quenched
of zirconia is almost three times
predictable and durable bonds
steel,10 Garvie and colleagues
between resin cements and
coined the term ceramic steel
that of lithium disilicate, the
the internal surface of ZrO2
to describe zirconia that has
strongest silica-based ceramic
restorations remains a chalundergone this transformation
lenge.3 This review presents
toughening process.9
material.
the current understanding of
The transformation toughseveral oxide surface treatening process in zirconia is
ment methods and assesses the
especially relevant to the initiation and propagation of cracks
quality of the resulting oxide/zirconia bond.
due to external stress, such as those experienced when adjusting
a crown using a dental rotary instrument (bur) during the try-in
Physical properties
or placement appointment. The presence of external stress can
Zirconia is polymorphic in nature (with five natural and
cause a t
m phase transformation near the tip of any exist28 artificial isotopes) and has often been described as a
ing cracks. The volumetric expansion (3-5%) caused by the phase
polycrystalline, high-strength oxide ceramic that contains trace
transformation creates compressive stresses at the crack tip and
amounts (<1 wt%) of silica or glass3-6 (Figures 1 and 2). It is
halts further propagation. In other words, the toughness of zircoa unique material that may exist in three different crystalline
nia is attributed to its ability to dissipate the energy associated
forms or phases; each phase is dependent on temperature and
with the crack propagation by undergoing a phase transformation
volumetric changes. The three phases at different temperatures
(t m) that generates compression stresses on a crack, preventare 1) Monoclinic (room temperature – 1170oC), 2) tetragonal
ing further propagation.7,8,11 This process is known as crack shield(1170oC – 2370oC), and 3) cubic (>2370oC).7,8 For dental purposes,
ing. When a crack develops within the material, internal stresses
the tetragonal phase possesses optimal physical properties.
begin to oppose the crack formation. Because of these remarkable
The use of metal oxides, like yttria (Y2O3), has been incorporated
properties, zirconia has superior resistance to fracture.
to stabilize the material as a metastable matrix of tetragonal
Besides crack shielding, zirconia is also known for other
excellent mechanical properties that ensure broad application
in dentistry. In fact, the reported flexural strength of the material
The author thanks Drs. Charles Goodacre and YunHui L. Lin
is almost three times that of the strongest silica-based ceramic
for editing and reviewing the manuscript. Appreciation is also
material, lithium disilicate.12 High rates of long-term survival of
due John Wilson, owner of Sunrise Dental Laboratory, and
zirconia restorations can be achieved for single and multiple
Satoshi Sakamoto, RDT, for their expertise and contribution
unit fixed (bridge) restorations if ideal tooth preparation is
to this manuscript.
Figures 1-4 courtesy of Dr. Charles Goodacre and Satoshi Sakamoto, RDT .
Volume 28, Number 2
Figure 1. Two ZrO2 crowns that have been fabricated for the lower left
posterior molar teeth
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Figure 2. Same ZrO2 crowns cemented onto the molar teeth
33
Figure 3. External (cameo) surfaces of upper anterior crowns
Figure 4. Internal (intaglio) surfaces of upper anterior crowns
attained.13,14 For these restorations, the choice of cement is not
crucial. However, a durable bond between the zirconia ceramic
and the underlying tooth structure is needed in applications
with compromised retention and resistance forms, such as
with veneers, resin-bonded fixed partial dentures, or short
clinical crowns. Therefore, the remainder of this review will
discuss and evaluate the issues and strategies surrounding
the implementation of a strong and durable bond between the
internal surface of the ZrO2 restoration, and the resin cement.
of its interface with the tooth structure is equally important to
clinical success. Strong resin adhesive bonding relies on two
main procedures: 1) the establishment of micromechanical
interlocking and 2) chemical adhesion to that surface.2,3 Without
both of these procedures, a predictable and durable bond cannot
be achieved. Researchers have proposed both mechanical and
chemical modifications to the zirconia surface as a means of
enhancing bonding of the restoration to tooth structure.
Micromechanical interlocking from surface roughening methods
is the first requirement for successful resin bonding.3 The purpose
of this process is to increase the surface area and energy,15 which
enhances the wettability of the surface. A more “wet” surface
allows the resin cement to flow more readily into the micro retentive
spaces, thereby creating a more complete bond. Chemical etching
with hydrofluoric (HF) acid is one of the most common methods used
to enhance the surface roughness on dental ceramics (Figures 5a
and b). The etchant is applied to the surface for a specified amount
of time. Next, pressurized air and water is applied to the surface
to remove the chemical solution. Then the surface is dried with a
steady stream of air, resulting in a matted finish (Figure 5c). This
Bonding to dental ceramics
A major problem with zirconia, in comparison with other
dental ceramic materials like feldspathic, leucite reinforced,
and lithium disilicate, is that the internal (intaglio) surface is not
easily affected by established adhesive bonding protocols (Figure
4). This is because the ZrO2 surface exhibits exceptional physical
and mechanical properties, such as high flexural strength, fracture
toughness, and hardness, along with little silica or glass content.
Although the independent mechanical properties of
zirconia are incredibly important, the stability and durability
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Photo credit: Dr. Pooya Soltanzadeh and John Wilson, laboratory technician
Photo credit: Dr. Pooya Soltanzadeh and John Wilson, laboratory technician
Summer / Autumn 2017
34
Figure 5a. Hydrofluoric acid etch is used to condition the intaglio
surface of ceramic restorations.
Figure 5b. The facial surface of two ceramic veneer restorations: Left,
a silica-based (lithium disilicate) ceramic restoration; Right, an oxidebased (zirconia) ceramic restoration
chemical etching process is very effective at achieving, with silicabased dental ceramics, the necessary surface roughness.
Chemical adhesion between the ceramic surface and the
resin cement is the second requirement of a successful bond.
Typically, this process involves a solution that interacts with
both the ceramic and resin cement surfaces. Silane coupling
agents, also known as “silanes,” are compounds that contain
silicon,3 have a dual function, and have been described in detail
in the scientific literature.16-19 In general, one end of the molecule
is organically functional and can interact with an organic resin
matrix (e.g., cement).16 The other end contains alkoxy groups that
can react with hydroxylated, silica (glass) containing surfaces
(e.g., dental ceramic crown).16 This bifunctional compound forms
very strong covalent bonds between the ceramic (inorganic)
substrate and the resin cement (organic).17
In general, bonding to any type of dental material begins
with the creation of a rough surface, followed by a modification
(usually chemical) of that surface.
increased bond strength when the surface was treated with APA
versus no treatment. During the APA process, aluminum oxide
(Al2O3) particles with varying grain sizes (about 25 to 250 µm)
are blasted against the surface using a propulsion-pressured
device held at a fixed distance, and for a specified duration. The
degree of surface roughness depends on the grain size (25 to
250 µm), propulsion pressure (0.05 to 0.45 MPa), distance from
the nozzle (5 - 20 mm), angulation,25,26 and application time (5
to 30 seconds). Increased grain size and propulsion pressure
were shown to increase surface roughness.27 Importantly,
however, an increase in surface roughness does not necessarily
translate to improved bond strengths with resin cement.28-30 In
fact, others have demonstrated improved bond strengths when
the treatment was performed using smaller Al2O3 grain size (50
µm)22,31,32 with lower propulsion pressure (0.05 to 0.28 MPa).33,34
TRADITIONAL SURFACE ROUGHENING METHODS
To establish rough surfaces, early researchers and clinicians
used traditional methods that had been established to treat the
internal (intaglio) surface of metal- and silica-based ceramic
restorations.20 However, traditional pretreatment surface
methods, such as chemical etching with hydrofluoric (HF) acid
and/or the application of a bifunctional liquid (silane coupling
agent), were found to be ineffective against the non-polar and
chemically inert ZrO2 surface.21-24 Following this realization,
researchers and clinicians began to search for alternative
methods of achieving rough bonding surfaces.
Airborne-particle abrasion
Kern and colleagues were the first to report on the
effectiveness of airborne-particle abrasion (APA) and the
resulting bond strength to the ZrO2 surface.23 The authors reported
Tribochemical silica coating
Tribochemical silica coating (TSC) is an alternative method
that has been used to treat the surface of metal restorations,35-37
as well as repairing fractured porcelain restorations.38,39 It has
been adopted and applied to the ZrO2 surface. This method is
similar to APA with the exception of the particles being coated
with silica.40 It has been described as a combined surface
treatment and is thought to have two effects: 1) surface
roughening and 2) surface deposition of silica.5,37,41 Rocatec
and CoeJet (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) are two commercial
systems that are currently available.
Research has shown that the use of TSC prior to silanization
results in significant increase in bond strength.33,42-44 However,
using traditional resin cements may result in significant loss
of bond strength over long periods of time. Nishigawa and
colleagues reported on the deleterious effects of ultrasonic
cleaning and the resultant loss in bond strength.45 They reported
a decrease in silica content on the ZrO2 surface, which may be a
reason why traditional resin cements are not as effective. This
Photo credit: Dr. Pooya Soltanzadeh and John Wilson, laboratory technician
Volume 28, Number 2
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flaws created along the surface and within the material could
lead to delayed failure (e.g., chipping or fracturing of the
restoration) due to the slow progression of crack growth.57-59
To avoid these issues, the use of heat to reverse the phase
transformation (m t),60-63 or the application of pre-APA64,65
onto the surface of pre-sintered computer-aided design/
computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) restorations prior to
the final sintering, have been suggested.
Figure 5c. Shown above are the internal (intaglio) surfaces of the
same ceramic veneer restorations after conditioning with hydrofluoric
acid. Note the whitish (rougher) surface that was obtained only on the
silica-based ceramic restoration (left).
decrease occurs because the surface of zirconia is inert, acid
resistant, and also lacking silica such that an adequate bond
cannot be achieved with these surface roughening methods.
Nevertheless, when compared to APA, increased bond strengths
have been reported with initial TSC followed by silane coupling
agent or phosphate monomer application.23,42,46-48
Surface grinding
Surface grinding using Al2O3 abrasive wheels or paper21
or coarse diamond rotary instruments (burs)24,49 has also been
explored as means of roughening ZrO2 surfaces. Although these
techniques are easy and cost-effective to implement in a dental
practice, no significant increase in bond strength has been
reported when a traditional resin cement is used.22-24,40,50,51
Concerns
While micromechanical interlocking via APA, TSC, or
surface grinding with a rotary instrument to promote a
successful bond is required, two concerns have been raised
regarding its application to ZrO2 surfaces: 1) the creation
of surface microcracks and 2) a phase transformation from
tetragonal to monoclinic (t m) at the surface and subsurface
levels.41,52,53 As discussed previously, zirconia is a unique
material with the ability to “heal” cracks through the process
of transformation toughening. Although APA has been shown
to increase the strength by inducing a phase transformation
from t m, due to lower temperature and stresses,8,10,54 it has
been reported that excessive abrasive surface modifications
or grinding may diminish the transformation toughening
process, especially if flaws are deep within the material.55,56
The resulting volumetric change may induce large stresses,
creating crack formations that may ultimately lead to failure.
Furthermore, studies of the long-term performance following
APA treatment have reported significantly reduced zirconia
strength.57 Therefore, researchers have concluded that initial
TRADITIONAL SURFACE MODIFICATION METHODS
Concerns with surface roughening methods (summarized
above) have led researchers to search for alternative methods
of improving micromechanical retention and chemical adhesion
while preserving the physical properties of the materials
involved. A brief description of some of the derived methods are
presented below. As stated before, many of these were adopted
from metal- and silica-based dental restorations.
Silicoating
Silicoating, also known as glass or ceramic coating, is
a technique used to achieve a glass matrix on the surface of
dental restorations. Earlier protocol began with the application
of colloidal silica followed by heat treatment (pyrolysis).66,67
Two things were accomplished with this step: 1) improved
ability to achieve micromechanical retention, and 2) enhanced
silanization. The colloidal silica deposition forms a glass coating
with a thickness of about 0.1 µm68 and helps to promote stronger
bonding between the resin cement and ZrO2 surface upon
application of a silane coupling agent.61,69 Although a significant
increase in bond strength has been reported,24 this method has
not gained popularity among practitioners due to the cost and
complexity of the procedure. Therefore, a chair-side application
(PyrosilPen-Technology, SurA Instruments, Jena, Germany) was
developed for use in dentistry.68
Another method of silicoating involves a high-frequency
plasma spray to deposit a siloxane coating of <1 µm.69 Once
polymerized, siloxane acts like a silane, resulting in a chemical
bond between the ZrO2 surface and the resin cement. This
technique was shown to produce significantly greater bond
strengths compared to untreated or silanized ZrO2, but was
significantly weaker than were bonds created using the pyrolytic
method.69
Bioglass coating
More recently, some bioglass-based methods used to coat the
surfaces of implanted medical devices have also been evaluated
for potential use in dental applications.70,71 Two methods
have been evaluated in the literature so far. The first method
begins with a poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) binder that is followed by
application of bioglass powder. The second method, similar to
35
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silicoating, uses a slurry consisting of bioglass powder, distilled
water, and the PVA binder. The slurry is mixed and applied to
the ZrO2 surface using a fine microbrush. After application,
the restorations are heated in a furnace up to 1,200oC and
held at constant temperature for two hours.71 The modified
“silica-containing” surface can be more easily roughened
using the methods described previously, and is then followed
by application of a silane coupling agent. When compared with
other APA methods, bioglass coating resulted in similar bond
strengths. However, further laboratory studies are still needed
as conflicting results have been reported in the literature.30,71
Vapor-phase deposition
Vapor-phase deposition combines chloro-silane gas (SiCl4)
with water vapor to form a silica-oxide surface. Thompson
and company3 described the process as a “molecular vapor
deposition (MVD), an enhancement on conventional vapor
deposition, to deposit ultra-thin, uniform, organic molecular
coatings on substrates using an in-situ surface plasma
treatment.” In other words, this method is used to create an
oxyfluoride conversion layer on the ZrO2 surface that is able to
enhance reactivity.2 This reactive surface has been shown to be
receptive to silane coupling agents.2 Studies have shown bond
strengths greater than TSC, and bond strengths comparable
to silica-based ceramics.2,72 Furthermore, when compared to
commercial primers, higher bond strengths and lower contact
angles were reported.73 However, long-term artificial aging (i.e.
storage in water or thermocycling) was not conducted with these
experiments, so more research is needed to evaluate the longterm effects of bonds created using vapor-phase deposition.
Nonetheless, it seems that this method produces a more active
surface for adhesive bonding and could be a viable method in
the future.73
36
CHEMICAL BONDING
After surface roughening or modifications have been
completed, establishing chemical adhesion to the ZrO2 surface is
the next step in the bonding protocol. In dentistry, this process is
usually performed by applying a specific chemical solution (e.g.
silane coupling agent) to the ceramic surface. Manufacturers
have developed specific chemical solutions that are either
incorporated into resin cement systems or used during an
additional step of the cementation protocol.
Silane coupling agents
To achieve a bond between the ceramic substrate and the resin
cement, a silane coupling agent is applied. Silanes are typically
organofunctional alkoxysilane esters “with three hydrolysable
alkoxy groups on the silicon atom.”74 Because the surface of
ZrO2 is non-polar, traditional silanes have proven ineffective.
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Experimentation with different silanes have resulted in varying
degrees of bond strengths with different resin cements. Table I
itemizes three silane coupling agents that have been evaluated
for use on the ZrO2 surface.18
Chemical Name
Abbreviation
3-methacryloyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane
MPS
3-acryloyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane
ACPS
3-isocyanatopropyl-triethoxysilane
Table I.
ICS
Improved bonding to Bis-GMA resin cements has been
reported when initial TSC was applied to the surface, followed
by the application of MPS and ACPS.18 However, with the
exception of MPS, significant decrease in bond strengths have
been reported in laboratory studies after samples were artificially
aged.19,75 These reports proved that the use of silane coupling
agents alone does not facilitate the formation of stronger bonds,
nor is it hydrolytically stable.76 The surface should therefore be
pretreated with a surface roughening or modification method.77,78
Although new silanes79,80 with various chemical compositions
have been developed specifically for zirconia, MPS continues
to be the most commonly used silane coupling agent.37,81
Nevertheless, new developments of blended silane systems,19
zirconate coupling agents,82 and silane coupling oligomers74
show promising preliminary results.
Primers
As previously mentioned, a silica-free zirconia surface is
difficult to bond. Previous research by Kern and Thompson
demonstrated that Bis-GMA containing resin cements was
unsuccessfuliy bonded to APA alumina oxide (another oxideceramic) surfaces, but that a phosphate monomer-containing
resin cement successfully formed a durable bond.83 Using
similar materials and methods, Kern and another colleague
tested phosphate monomer-containing resin cements on
zirconia surfaces and were able to achieve high long-term bond
strength.23
The chemical liquid (monomer) containing 10-methacryloyloxy-decyl dihydrogenphosphate (10-MDP) has been extensively researched and was first developed to bond to metal
oxide surfaces.5 A chemical interaction along the ZrO2 surface
has been shown to occur with this primer.78,81 The hydrolytically
stable bond is formed between the hydroxyl groups found along
the surface of the ZrO2 ceramic and the phosphate ester group
of the monomer.21,84-87 Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS),
performed by Chen and colleagues, confirmed the formation of
covalent bonds among the oxygen, phosphorus, and zirconia substrate (Zr-O-P).88 When compared to other phosphate functional
monomers, the MDP-containing primer remains the best choice
Volume 28, Number 2
when bonding to zirconia.89 An example of a 10-MDP containing
resin cement system is shown in Figure 6.
Primer + silane
The sequential application of silane coupling agent (MPS)
and primer (MDP) has also been evaluated and has resulted in
varying degrees of surface wettability, and bond strength.90 For
now, MDP shows a relevant function in improving the bond of
resin to zirconia. However, the use of MPS as the final coat in
sequential application seems to impair the bond.90 More studies
are needed to understand the interaction between surfaces and
both chemical agents using this sequential method.
CURRENT METHODS UNDER INVESTIGATION
A recent literature review of laboratory (in-vitro) studies
was conducted to explore the current trends in bonding to the
surface of zirconia.37 The authors presented a succinct table that
described the current testing methods, ceramic type, surface
treatment method employed, type of resin cement used, and the
results achieved. To date, APA and TSC remain the most popular
methods for achieving surface roughness, most likely due to the
simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the process. Nevertheless,
the search to find a simple, non-destructive method to achieve
a stronger and more durable bond continues. A brief description
of current methods is presented below, along with the benefits
and drawbacks of each method.
SURFACE ROUGHENING
Selective infiltration etching (SIE)
Selective infiltration etching (SIE) is a technique that
increases surface porosity and establishes a highly reactive,
high energy surface.37 The SIE process begins with heat-induced
maturation (HIM), which consists of two short thermal cycles
on the material that pre-stress the grain boundary regions
of the surface so that they can be more easily infiltrated by
other materials.84,91 In other words, heat is used to transform
the smooth surface into a rougher surface. After HIM, the SIE
method is performed by applying a thin layer of glass over the
transformed surface.84,91 The process is selective because it
affects only the surface grains in contact with the infiltrating
glass.84,91 The glass infiltrates the grain boundaries, creating a
Figure 6. An MDP containing resin cement system (Panavia V5, Kuraray
America, Inc., NY, USA).
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surface with inter-grain pores.37,92 A major advantage of SIE is
its ability to enhance surface roughness while imposing minimal
surface damage.
The SIE method was reported to generate increased
surface roughness compared to APA.21,93 Furthermore, surfaces
subjected to the SIE treatment showed greater bond strength
than those treated with APA.75,92 Pretreatment by SIE, followed
by the application of an MDP containing primer and resin
cement was demonstrated to have the highest bond strength
among the techniques studied, even after artificial aging in
water.84,91,92 Additionally, increased bond strengths have also
been reported with the application of MPS (silane coupling
agent) after treatment of the surface with the SIE method.75
However, significant decrease in bond strengths was reported
after artificial aging was conducted against the samples that
were chemically bonded by silane coupling agents, confirming
the fact that these chemicals are not hydrolytically stable.75
Hot chemical etching (HCE)
Hot chemical etching (HCE) was traditionally used to etch
the surfaces of metal restorations.94,95 In general, an etching
solution37 composed of methanol, hydrochloric acid, and ferric
chloride is applied to the surface and is heated up to 100oC
for a period of time.21 Although few reports have been found
in the literature, this technique shows promise as a means of
increasing the surface roughness of zirconia. In fact, higher
surface roughness has been reported with the HCE method
when compared to SIE and APA treatments.21 Recently, lowmelting-point fluoride conditioning agents such as ammonium
hydrogen difluoride and potassium hydrogen difluoride have
been evaluated and show promising results in achieving
micromechanical retention without subsurface damage.96
Laser irradiation
Laser irradiation is already a common tool in medicine and
dentistry. The most common lasers used for both soft and hard oral
tissue are the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG)
and the erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG).52 Much
attention has been focused on the Nd:YAG for surface roughening
procedures against zirconia.97 The amount of surface roughness and
resulting bond strength depends on the power (W), energy intensity
(mJ), frequency (Hz), and time (s).98 Increased surface roughness and
bond strength have been reported using the Nd:YAG laser when
compared to APA.99 However, when the surface was evaluated
with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the laser irradiation
caused microcracks. Also, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect
phase transformation (t m), Usumez and colleagues reported a
significantly higher incidence of crack formation.99
Recently, Zanjani and colleagues conducted a study to
evaluate the effect of APA and two lasers [carbon dioxide
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(CO2) and an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-galliumgarnet (Er,Cr:YSGG)] on the bond strength of resin cement to
ZrO2.100 The authors reported higher bond strengths with APA
when compared to the two lasers. Continued developments
and research in dental lasers remains promising for achieving
a rougher surface.101,102 However, more research is needed to
evaluate the physical changes of the material that occur with
this method.
RESIN-BASED CEMENTS
As mentioned before, the silica-free composition of the ZrO2
surface makes it difficult to achieve a reliable bond. Conflicting
reports regarding which type of resin-based cements produce
higher bond strengths are found in the literature.23,24 For
example, cements that contain Bis-GMA were shown to be
unsuccessful at bonding to the APA surface of zirconia.83 On
the other hand, improved bond strengths have been reported
with the application of a surface roughening method (APA or
TSC) that is accompanied with a resin cement that contains
a phosphate monomer.23 These positive results have been
attributed to the acidic nature of MDP-containing resin cement
that enhances the polysiloxane bonds produced by the silane
coupling agents.79
When evaluating another type of primer-containing resinbased cement, Derand and Derand reported higher bond
strengths with an autopolymerizing resin cement containing
4-META/TBB/PMMA than with an MDP-containing resin
cement.24 It is believed that the anhydride group in 4-META
bonds with both untreated and TSC surfaces.3 However, there
has been no evidence to demonstrate that this chemical bond
is significantly stronger than the bond of MDP to zirconia.
This was confirmed by two other studies that evaluated and
compared the bond strengths of 4-META and MDP-containing
resin cements.103,104 Although mixed results have been reported,
due to their stability in a wet environment, MDP-containing
resin cements have been the subject of ongoing research and
development efforts.3,23,85,104
38
DISCUSSION
Today, the increasing demands of patients and practitioners
continue to drive the research and development of biomaterials
such as zirconia. In fact, market research groups have predicted
a significant increase with certain biomaterials by the year
2020.106 Consequently, considerable research efforts have been
put forth into understanding the properties and characteristics
of these materials.
A benefit of performing laboratory research is that more
controlled environments for fabricating samples and testing
procedures can be achieved. However, laboratory results do not
always translate to clinical situations. The inconsistent data
Summer / Autumn 2017
obtained from myriad studies have several causes that include
missing rigor in testing methods, an absence of standardized
methodology, and variables that cannot be standardized.107,108
In 2014, Papia and colleagues published a systematic review
of bonding to oxide ceramics.5 Their purpose was to assess the
relative bonding strength of existing laboratory methods.5 The
authors reported 23 different surface treatment methods published
in the literature. Some methods had already been implemented
in clinical settings while others were still undergoing laboratory
testing. The authors concluded that there is no one universally
accepted surface treatment and that the most common methods
were APA, surface coating, and primer treatments. In a systematic
review of the literature from 1995 to 2011, Özcan and Bernasconi
identified 169 different methods used to condition the surface of
zirconia prior to cementation.12 The majority of the methods were
a combination of air-abrasion protocols (APA or TSC) and adhesive
promoters (primers or silane coupling agents).
Even when promising laboratory results have been reported,
long-term clinical trials are needed to confirm the findings in
real world settings. In 2014, 10 publications were evaluated
in a review on clinical trials of dental restorations relying on
true adhesive bonding (e.g. veneers) to oxide-based ceramic
restorations.109 Of the 10 publications, only six involved resinbased cement bonding to zirconia. The author concluded that
despite the limited number of clinical trials, there is evidence
that demonstrates better bond strength to zirconia when using
procedures that employ air-abrasion followed by an application
of a phosphate monomer-containing resin cement.78,109
Still, detrimental effects to the material caused by airabrasion methods (or clinical adjustments that are made during
the try-in or placement of the dental restoration), cannot be
dismissed. As stated before, volumetric changes due to induced
stresses, both external and internal, may create crack formations
that can ultimately lead to failure of the restoration. Although not
described in this review nor fully understood, moisture-induced
phase transformation, and the resulting structural degradation
phenomenon known as low-temperature degradation (LTD),
remains a concern for zirconia-based restorations.8,110-113
Nevertheless, it is of great interest to continue searching for
ways to create a more predictable and durable bond to this
promising dental material.
The purpose of this review has been to survey the most
common traditional and current surface pretreatment methods
used in bonding with zirconia, and to present the benefits and
limitations of various methods. As stated before, the failure
to establish an optimal method for pretreating the surface of
zirconia41 can largely be attributed to the lack of standardized
laboratory testing procedures and reporting.68 Therefore,
standard laboratory testing procedures, such as the American
National Standards Institute/American Dental Association
Volume 28, Number 2
(ANSI/ADA) or the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO), are needed to help guide researchers in developing sound
protocols and proper reporting of the results. The adoption
of such standards will allow for more facile assessment and
comparison of the reported outcomes of different studies.
Because none of these standards have been established,
interpretation and comparison of the data are extremely
challenging, and the studies have resulted in a limited number of
clinical trials.12 A fairly recent review tried to bridge the findings
of laboratory studies to clinical trials.109 The outcomes for the
clinical trials were poor, with the majority of failures attributed
to de-bonding of the restorations. Moreover, the clinical trials
that were reported had short follow-up periods of five years or
less.109 At times, what appears to work in the laboratory does
not necessarily translate to good clinical outomes.
Despite the limited number of clinical publications and short
follow-up periods, a recent article reported a 10-year survival
rate of 98.2%, and a success rate of 92.0% for non-retentive,
zirconia resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPD) replacing
missing incisors. Performing minimal preparation designs, a
total of 108 restorations were placed using a bonding protocol
that consisted of APA with small Al2O3 particle size (50 µm),
low propulsion pressure (0.1-0.25 MPa), and cementing with
MDP-containing resin-based cement systems. Out of the 108
restorations placed, only six (5.6%) of them debonded. The
authors concluded that anterior zirconia RBFPD provides good
clinical longevity.114 Although this is encouraging, more clinical
trials with longer follow-up periods (>10 years) remain necessary.
CONCLUSION
Because of its remarkable mechanical properties, zirconia
is a promising candidate for use in dentistry. However, the
formation of high quality bonds between the resin cement and
the ZrO2 surface remains a subject of exploration. Contemporary
developments in surface modification methods, such as SIE and
HCE, as well as materials that enhance chemical bonding, have
shown promising preliminary results. However, clinical trials,
short and long term, are necessary to further understand the
physical properties and to evaluate bonding protocols. It should
not be forgotten that in order to gain acceptance with dental
practitioners, both materials and methods should be simple and
cost-effective. To date, the combination of physical and chemical
conditioning methods seems to produce good bond strengths.
However, the many challenges and concerns that have been
identified in this review, for the time being, limit the use of
zirconia as an all-purpose type of restorative dental material.
This author believes that zirconia dental restorations are
best used on teeth preparations that have adequate resistance
and retention forms. For now, zirconia is not advised for
restorations that must rely exclusively on bonding (e.g. veneers,
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onlays, and resin-bonded fixed partial dentures). Furthermore,
clinical adjustments should be kept to a minimum to avoid the
potential growth of crack formations that, over time, may result
in catastrophic failure.
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17. Matinlinna JP, Lassila LVJ, Özcan M, Yli-Urpo A, Vallittu PK. An
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18. Matinlinna JP, Lassila LVS, Vallittu PK. The effect of a novel silane blend
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19. Matinlinna JP, Lassila LVJ, Vallittue PK. Pilot evaluation of resin
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20. Luthra R, Kaur P. An insight into current concepts and techniques in resin
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22. Borges GA, Sophr AM, de Goes MF, Sobrinho LC, Chan DCN. Effect of
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39
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40
24. Dérand P, Dérand T. Bond strength of luting cements to zirconium oxide
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25. Ho BJ, Tsoi JK-H, Liu D, Lung CY-K, Wong H-M, Matinlinna JP. Effects
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28. Özcan M, Nijhuis H, Valandro LF. Effect of various surface conditioning
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38. Sun R, Suansuwan N, Kilpatrick N, Swain M. Characterisation of
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39. Özcan M. The use of chairside silica coating for different dental
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46. Amaral R, Özcan M, Bottino MA, Valandro LF. Microtensile bond strength
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47. Attia A. Bond strength of three luting agents to zirconia ceramic –
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Summer / Autumn 2017
48. Attia A, Kern M. Long-term resin bonding to zirconia ceramic with a new
universal primer. J Prosthet Dent 2011;106:319-327.
49. Ohkuma K, Kazama M, Ogura H. The grinding efficiency by diamond points developed for yttria partially stabilized zirconia. Dent Mater J 2011;30:511-516.
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51. Piwowarczyk A, Lauer H-C, Sorensen JA. The shear bond strength between
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52. Qeblawi DM, Munoz CA, Brewer JD, Monaco EA. The effect of zirconia
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53. Chintapalli RK, Marro FG, Jimenez-Pique E, Anglada M. Phase
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56. Schmitter M, Lotze G, Bömicke W, Rues S. Influence of surface treatment
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57. Zhang Y, Pajares A, Lawn BR. Fatigue and damage tolerance of Y-TZP
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58. Zhang Y, Lawn B. Long-term strength of ceramics for biomedical
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60. Sato H, Yamada K, Pezzotti G, Nawa M, Ban S. Mechanical properties of
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61. Kitayama S, Nikaido T, Maruoka R, Zhu L, Ikeda M, Watanabe A,
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on tensile bond strengths of resin cements to zirconia ceramics. Dent
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62. Deville S, Chevalier J, Gremillard L. Influence of surface finish and
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63. Denry IL, Peacock JJ, Holloway JA. Effect of heat treatment after
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64. Moon JE, Kim SH, Lee JB, Ha SR, Choi YS. The effect of preparation
order on the crystal structure of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia
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65. Monaco C, Tucci A, Esposito L, Scotti R. Microstructural changes
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66. Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E. Silicoating: evaluation of a new method of
bonding composite resin to metal. Scand J Dent Res. 1988;96:171-176.
67. Hansson O, Moberg L-E. Evaluation of three silicoating methods for
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68. Janda R, Roulet J-F, Wulf M, Tiller H-J. A new adhesive technology for
all-ceramics. Dent Mater 2003;19:567-573.
69. Derand T, Molin M, Kvam K. Bond strength of composite luting cement to
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72. Piascik JR, Swift EJ, Thompson JY, Grego S, Stoner BR. Surface
modification for enhanced silanation of zirconia ceramics. Dent Mater
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Volume 28, Number 2
73. Piascik JR, Swift EJ, Braswell K, Stoner BR. Surface fluorination of
zirconia: adhesive bond strength comparison to commercial primers.
Dent Mater 2012;28:604-608.
74. Okada M, Inoue K, Irie M, Taketa H, Torii Y, Matsumoto T. Resin
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silane coupling monomer or oligomer. Dent Mater J 2017. [Epub ahead
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75. Aboushelib MN, Mirmohamadi H, Matinlinna JP, Kukk E, Ounsi HF,
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76. Chen L, Suh BI, Kim J, Tay FR. Evaluation of silica-coating techniques for
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77. Behr M, Proff P, Kolbeck C, Langrieger S, Kunze J, Handel G, Rosentritt M.
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of phosphate monomer and silica modification on zirconia. J Dent Res
2008;87:666-670.
80. Takeuchi K, Fujishima A, Manabe A, Kuriyama S, Hotta Y, Tamaki Y,
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82. Anusavice KJ, Shen C, Rawls HR. Phillips Science of Dental Materials. Ed
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83. Kern M, Thompson VP. Bonding to glass infiltrated alumina ceramic:
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84. Aboushelib MN, Matinlinna JP, Salameh Z, Ounsi H. Innovations in bonding
to zirconia-based materials: part I. Dent Mater 2008;24:1268-1272.
85. de Souza GMD, Thompson VP, Braga RR. Effect of metal primers on
microtensile bond strength between zirconia and resin cements. J Prosthet
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86. Sanli S, Comlekoglu MD, Comlekoglu E, Sonugelen M, Pamir T, Darvell
BW. Influence of surface treatment on the resin-bonding of zirconia. Dent
Mater 2015;31:657-668.
87. de Oyagüe RC, Monticelli F, Toledano M, Osorio E, Ferrari M, Osorio R.
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densely-sintered zirconium-oxide ceramic. Dent Mater 2009;25:172-179.
88. Chen L, Suh BI, Brown D, Chen X. Bonding of primed zirconia ceramics:
evidence of chemical bonding and improved bond strengths. Am J Dent
2012;25:103-108.
89. Arai M, Takagaki T, Takahashi A, Tagami J. The role of functional
phosphoric acid ester monomers in the surface treatment of yttriastabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals. Dent Mater J 2017;36:190194.
90. Chuang S-F, Kang L-L, Liu Y-C, Lin J-C, Wang C-C, Chen H-M, Tai C-K. Effects
of silane- and MDP-based primers application orders on zirconia-resin
adhesion – a ToF-SIMS study. Dent Mater 2017;33:923-933.
91. Aboushelib MN, Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ. Selective infiltration-etching
technique for a strong and durable bond of resin cements to zirconia-based
materials. J Prosthet Dent 2007;98:379-388.
92. Aboushelib MN. Evaluation of zirconia/resin bond strength and interface
quality using a new technique. J Adhes Dent 2011;13:255-260.
93. Jiang T, Chen C, Lv P. Selective infiltrated etching to surface treat zirconia
using a modified glass agent. J Adhes Dent 2014;16:553-557.
94. Livaditis GJ. A chemical etching system for creating micromechanical
retention in resin-bonded retainers. J Prosthet Dent 1986;56:181-188.
95. Ferrari M, Cagidiaco MC, Borracchini A, Bertelli E. Evaluation of a chemical
etching solution for nickel-chromium-beryllium and chromium-cobalt
alloys. J Prosthet Dent 1989;62:516-521.
96. Ruyter EI, Vajeeston N, Knarvang T, Kvam K. A novel etching technique for
surface treatment of zirconia ceramics to improve adhesion of resin-based
luting cements. Acta Biomater Odontol Scand 2017;3:36-46.
97. Paranhos MP, Burnett LH Jr, Magne P. Effect of Nd:YAG laser and CO2 laser
treatment on the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic. Quintessence Int
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98. Erdem A, Akar GC, Erdem A, Kose T. Effects of different surface treatments
on bond strength between resin cements and zirconia ceramics. Oper Dent
2014;39:E118-127.
99. Usumez A, Hamdemirci N, Koroglu BY, Simsek I, Parlar O, Sari T. Bond
strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic with different surface
treatments. Lasers Med Sci 2013;28:259-266.
100.Zanjani VA, Ahmadi H, Nateghifard A, Ghasemi A, Torabzadeh H, Tabrizi
MA, Alikhani F, Razi R, Nateghifard A. Effect of different laser surface
treatment on microshear bond strength between zirconia ceramic and
resin cement. J Investig Clin Dent 2015;6:294-300.
101.Mahmoodi N, Hooshmand T, Heidari S, Khoshro K. Effect of sandblasting,
silica coating, and laser treatment on the microtensile bond strength of a
dental zirconia ceramic to resin cements. Lasers Med Sci 2016;31:205-211.
102.Prieto MV, Gomes ALC, Martin JM, Lorenzo AA, Mato VS, Martinez AA.
The effect of femtosecond laser treatment on the effectiveness of resinzirconia adhesive: an in vitro study. J Lasers Med Sci 2016;7:214-219.
103.Ernst C-P, Cohnen U, Stender E, Willershausen B. In vitro retentive strength
of zirconium oxide ceramic crowns using different luting agents. J Prosthet
Dent 2005;93:551-558.
104.Lee HJ, Ryu JJ, Shin SW, Suh KW. Effect of surface treatment methods on
the shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic. J Korean Acad
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105.Wegner SM, Kern M. Long-term resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic.
J Adhes Dent 2000;2:139-147.
106.Montazerian M, Zanotto ED. Bioactive and inert dental glass ceramics.
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107.Anusavice KJ, Kakar K, Ferree N. Which mechanical and physical testing
methods are relevant for predicting the clinical performance of ceramicbased dental prostheses? Clin Oral Implants Res 2007;18:218-231.
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109.Kern M. Bonding to oxide ceramics – laboratory testing versus clinical
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110.Amaral M, Valandro LF, Bottino MA, Souza RO. Low-temperature
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degradation in CAD/CAM zirconia. J Dent Res 2010;89:91-95.
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Montry S. Suprono, DDS, MSD,
is assistant professor, Center
for Dental Research, Advanced
Specialty Education Program in
Prosthodontics, and the Division of
General Dentistry
41
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
Bonding and zirconia—the quiz
Circle the letters of the correct answers.
1. Zirconia is a
a. high-strength silica-based ceramic material.
b. low-strength silica-based ceramic material.
c. high-strength oxide-based ceramic material.
d. low-strength oxide based ceramic material
2. In which of the following crystalline forms can zirconia
exist?
a. Monoclinic
b. Tetragonal
c. Cubic
d. All of the above
3. Zirconia is a unique material that is able to transform
between phases. This transformation is called
a. crack shielding.
b. transformation toughening.
c. transformation shielding.
d. crack propagation.
4. In order to obtain strong adhesive bonds, what principles
must be achieved?
a. Micromechanical interlocking
b. Color stabillity
c. Chemical adhesion
d. Both a and c
5. A surface roughening procedure in which aluminum oxide
particles are blasted against the surface is called
a. airborne-particle abrasion.
b. surface chemical conditioning.
c. surface grinding.
d. tribochemical silica coating.
Name
42
6. Which of the following is not a current surface treatment
method?
a. Laser irradiation
b. Selective infiltration etching
c. Silicoating
d. Hot chemical etching
7. Silane coupling agents
a. are bifunctional compounds.
b. contain silicon.
c. enable strong bonds between ceramic and resin.
d. all of the above.
8. Who was the first to discover zirconia?
a. G. V. Black
b. M. H. Klaproth
c. N. B. Jörgensen
d. R. L. Hanau
9. Which of the following chemical solutions demonstrate
hydrolytic stability?
a. MPS
b. ICS
c. MDP
d. ACPS
10. Which of the following methods initially begins with heatinduced maturation (HIM) followed by a layer of glass
that infiltrates into the transformed surface?
a. Hot chemical etching (HCE)
b. Tribochemical silica coating (TSC)
c. Selective infiltration etching (SIE)
d. Airborne-particle abrasion (APA)
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After answering the questions and completing this form, mail the entire sheet (or copy) to:
Loma Linda University Continuing Dental Education, 11245 Anderson Street,
Suite 120, Loma Linda, CA 92354, or you may fax a completed form to (909) 558-4858.
For questions please call: (909) 558-4685
Cost $25.00 Please circle: MASTERCARD VISA DISCOVER Credit Card No:
Expiration date
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Note: Loma Linda University School of Dentistry is authorized to confer 2 hours of
California continuing dental education credit for this home study course.
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Dental Unit Waterline Testing and
Sterilization Assurance Service Order Form
Date ______________
Dr. Name (Last) ____________________________________________ (First) _____________________________________________________
Name office ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Address ___________________________________________ City _________________________________ State ________ Zip ___________
Phone (
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For more than 20 tests: $21_____ tests
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• A foam box, ice packs, sample vials, and instructions included.
• Use APHA Standard Methods 9215 to test DUWLs samples.
• Full dilutions provide accurate Heterotrophic bacteria counts.
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Intensive (1) Two test strips and one control strip per test (2) Prepaid return
envelopes (3) Certificate of Participation (4) Report on each test
(5) Failure notification via phone
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Mail to:
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11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350
Tel: (909) 558-8176, (909) 558-8069
Fax: (909) 558-0307
E-mail: sas@llu.edu
http://dentistry.llu.edu/research/faculty-research/projects/research-services
43
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
Falling in L-O-V-E with dentistry
by Genesis Gonzalez,
media relations specialist,
Office of Public Relations
44
hile growing up, Kylin Hamann spent summers in China
W
Kylin has come to view dentistry as more than a profession:
living with various host families and studying Mandarin.
it’s a relationship with each patient built on trust and love.
During her sophomore year in high school she lived in Sichuan
“People truly are affected by their health and how they perceive
province where she immersed herself in its culture, people, and
their smile,” says Kylin. “It is my goal to care for the person in
language. Kylin enjoys using Mandarin to communicate with her
a way that goes beyond the teeth.” With every appointment,
Chinese patients on the School of Dentistry’s main clinic floor as
she takes the time to get to know her patients and to help them
well as at The Blessing Center in Redlands, California.
understand what is involved in the procedures they need.
For Kylin Hamann, a fourth-year dental student at the School of Dentistry, compassion and care for others
began at an early age.
At that student-run free dental clinic for the underserved,
Her commitment to provide compassionate care for every
Kylin provides dental services each Tuesday to patients of
patient traces back to an early age. Kylin always admired the
all ages and backgrounds. “It’s a blessing to work alongside
ability of her mother—Beth Hamann, DDS’85—to balance work
dedicated classmates who are passionate about serving others
as a dentist while raising six children. “Her love for dentistry
through dentistry,” says the class of 2018 Loma Linda University
is evident, but more than that her passion for connecting with
School of Dentistry student.
people and building meaningful relationships is beautiful.”
Volume 28, Number 2
As
Kylin
matured,
her mother would share
stories from her education
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
“It’s an honor to attempt to follow
in that legacy of love and clinical
excellence that Loma Linda
University School of Dentistry
seems to cultivate.”
opportunity to connect with
faculty members and build
relationships that inspire
her
at Loma Linda University’s
professionally
and
School of Dentistry where one faculty member made a lasting
personally. One of those who has played an integral role in her
impression. In Dr. Hamann’s first week as a dental student in
mentoring is Kwang “Peter” Chung, DDS’76, MA’81. “He will
1981, a young professor walked up to the blackboard and wrote
never compromise or settle when it comes to providing excellent
the word L-O-V-E. He told the class that if they were here for any
care,” she says. “It’s an honor to attempt to follow in that legacy
other reason than to love patients, they should leave. This single
of love and clinical excellence that Loma Linda University School
indelible moment inspired Beth Hamann in a way that over the
of Dentistry seems to cultivate.”
years nourished a similar inclination in her daughter.
As a fourth-year student, Kylin was selected to participate
Although Kylin had the option to attend several dental
in the School of Dentistry’s implant dentistry honors program
schools, she was drawn to the special place her mother always
for which she attends classes taught by graduate implant and
told her about — Loma Linda University School of Dentistry. “I
prosthodontic faculty members. The unique program offers
wanted to find people like the young professor who inspired my
her the opportunity to shadow and assist in various implant
mom so deeply.”
surgeries. “I get to learn from the best,” she said.
Kylin arrived at the Loma Linda University campus not knowing
For the past three summers, Kylin has provided dental care
anyone and was a little nervous at first, as most students are.
to families and children in Nicaragua as part of the School of
During her initial visit to the Blessing Center, she was welcomed
Dentistry’s Service Learning trips during which she has come to
immediately by Mark Carpenter, DDS’80, who made her feel part
know the children she’s treated and has been able to watch their
of the team. She remembers how he took the time to get to know
progress. She sees value in returning consistently to the same
her and inquired about her interests. “You seem like you’re a
community and hopes to go back in the future. Also on her to-do
service-oriented person,” he remarked. “I’d love for you to come
list are dental mission trips to China.
back and be a part of the group.” That evening Kylin called her
Looking for balance in her life, Kylin will run the Chicago
mother to share how her day had gone and described how warmly
Marathon this October. She often starts her days at 4 a.m. with
she was received by her supervising clinician.
a run in the dark. “School can overtake your life and it’s hard
“This professor is so amazing, he made me feel so very
welcome,” Kylin exclaimed. Dr. Hamann was pleased to hear
to balance everything at times,” she says. “Training for the
marathon gives me incentive to find the time.”
such positive news and very curious to know the dentist’s name.
Kylin graduated in 2014 with her bachelor’s degree, a dual
When Kylin told her it was Dr. Carpenter, her mother’s reaction
major in biochemistry and Chinese, from Calvin College in Grand
was joyful surprise: “That’s the person I’ve been telling you
Rapids, Michigan. Following graduation next year from Loma
about your whole life!”
Linda University, she will return home to Phoenix, Arizona, to
Beyond her work at the Blessing Center, Kylin spends most
of her time with classes and lab assignments. She relishes every
partner professionally with her mother and her fiancé, Eric Chen,
DDS’14, at the family’s dental practice.
45
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
Graduate Endodontic Program
celebrates 50 years
LU School of Dentistry’s Advanced Specialty Education
Program in Endodontics celebrated its first 50 years of
specialty training on August 26-27, 2017. It was the first
endodontic graduate program in California and the second such
program on the West coast, following one at the University of
Washington, Seattle.
The LLUSD program opened in 1967 with Ronald E. Buell,
DDS, its first director, assisted by the famous Navy endodontist,
Ed Nutting, DDS, who would drive once a week from San Diego
to mentor the School’s postgraduate endodontic students.
Subsequent program directors have been Raleigh Cummings,
DDS’66, MS’70, Distinguished Emeritus Professor Leif K.
Bakland, DDS’63, and Mahmoud Torabinejad, DMD, MSD, PhD,
Buell Professor of Endodontics
To date more than 150 graduates have completed the
program—students from many countries that include Canada,
Egypt, Ireland, Italy, Kuwait, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand.
The 50-year celebration, held in San Bernardino’s newly
refurbished DoubleTree Hilton, began with a welcome reception
on Saturday evening followed by a full day’s program on Sunday.
After breakfast, George Bogen, DDS, a well-known endodontic
clinician from Los Angeles, presented the celebration lecture on
the MTA Revolution that focused on the important endodontic
innovation by Dr. Torabinejad—MTA root canal material.
Another highlight of the day was the festive anniversary
lunch with welcome greetings from both LLUH President Richard
Hart, MD, DrHS, who congratulated the endodontic program for
reaching the historic marker of 50 years, and LLUSD Interim Dean
Joseph Caruso, DDS, MS. The after-lunch program recognized
events and individuals who had important roles in the history
of the graduate program. C. John Munce, DDS’78, served as
master of ceremonies and presented an impressive pictorial
history of the program’s first half century. Approximately one
third of all endo alumni attended the celebration, including two
from the first class: Norwood Clancy, DDS, MS’69, and Dominic
Niccoli, DDS, MS’69. To commemorate the event, all participant
received sweat shirt blankets featuring the program’s golden
anniversary logo.
L
46
Tory Silvestrin, DDS, MSD’15 (Endo), MSHPE,
welcomes the assembly.
Adjacent page photos
Figure 1. Steven Morrow, DDS’60, MS’85 (Microbiology),
standing with Dr. Bogen, the keynote speaker; Figure 2. Debbie
Catino, endodontic clinic manager, with Dr. Silvestrin, received
an honorary plaque for more than 25 years of service to the
Department of Endodontics. Endodontics faculty members who
also received 25-year service plaques: Lee Ingersoll, DDS’70,
MS’74; Charles Holman, DDS’63; David Wolfe, DDS, MS’84;
Sean Noorvash, DDS; Dr. Torabinejad, Dr. Morrow, and Dr.
Bakland. Figure 3. Drs. Hart and Torabinejad. Figure 4. Dr.
Bakland welcomes alumni from far and near (left to right):
Nooshin Noghreian, DDS, MS’01 (California); Debra Meadows,
DDS, MS’93 (California); Elisabetta Cotti, DDS, MS’90
(Italy); Jantien Herweijer, DDS, PG’85 (The Netherlands).
Figure 5. Endodontics alumni catch up: John Pratte, DDS,
PG’95; Reed Cummings, DDS’91, MS’97; Ken Tittle DDS,
MS’97; Roderick Tataryn, DDS’89, MS’94. Figure 6. Master
of Ceremonies John Munce, DDS’78, PG’88 (right), welcomes
Dr. Niccoli to the celebration. Dr. Niccoli’s classmates were
Norwood Clancy, DDS, MS’69; Raymond Dolph, DDS, MS’69;
and Leon Leonard, DDS, MS’69. Figure 7. Elmer Kelln, DDS,
emeritus professor, Oral Pathology, was the associate dean when
LLUSD established the Advanced Specialty Education Program
in Endodontics, working closely with Dr. Buell to acquire approval
by the Commission of Dental Accreditation. Figure 8. Robert
Handysides, DDS’93, PG’01, newly appointed dean, School of
Dentistry; Nishan Odabashian, DDS, MS’03; Erol Apaydin,
DDS, MS’02. Figure 9. Wallis Andelin, DDS, MS’02; Kenny
Tran, DDS, MSD’12; Luci Denger, retired, served for many
years as Department of Endodontics secretary; David Roland,
DDS’78, MS’03. Figure 10. Current graduate students pose with
a member of the first graduating class: (Back row) Brent Hiebert,
DDS’10; Greg Sprague, DDS’05; Arin Alexander, DDS; Jason
Fowler, DDS’12; Justin Wu, DDS; (front row) Meghna Patel,
DDS; and Dominic Niccoli, DDS, MS’69.
Nan and Dr. Clancy enjoy the occasion.
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
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LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
LLUSD NEWS
Jung-Wei Chen shatters glass ceiling
ung-Wei “Anna” Chen, DDS, MS, MS, PhD, program director,
Advanced Specialty Education Program in Pediatric Dentistry,
was honored with the Outstanding Alumnus Award on June, 1,
2017, from Taipei Medical University (TMU) in Taipei, Taiwan,
where she earned her doctor of dental surgery degree in 1996.
Dr. Chen’s award, presented at TMU’s annual Academic
Achievement awards ceremony, involved two firsts, one of which
broke a glass ceiling. TMU’s annual Academic Achievement
awards are bestowed in three categories: academic scholarship,
professional service, and entrepreneurial success. The 2017
ceremony marked the first occasion during which an alumnus from
the University’s School of Dentistry received the Outstanding
Alumnus Award in the academic category, and the first time in
the history of the University’s award presentations that a female
alumnus received that honor.
But Dr. Chen’s 2017 travels to southeast Asia had just begun.
Between July 26 to August 12, 2017, Dr. Chen spoke at ten
different venues/conferences—nine in Taiwan, and one all-day
keynote presentation at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital in the town of
Hangzhou, China. Dr. Chen was transported to her presentations
at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital by a new high-speed rail system
on which the hospital now has its own station (see sign below).
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48
Dr. Chen’s lectures in Taiwan included continuing education
courses at her alma mater, Taipei Medical University, during
which she participated in a ribbon cutting ceremony for the
University’s new History Museum. She also was keynote speaker
on her birthday (June 12) for the annual meetings of the pediatric
section of the Southeast Asia chapter of the International
Association of Dental Research (IADR-SEA).
Dr. Chen also presented the keynote address on August 6 at
the Taiwan Association of Pediatric Dentistry’s 92nd Academic
Conference on the New Era of Pediatric dental restoration at
Taipei General Veteran hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Topics Dr. Chen covered during her whirlwind speaking
tour included the presurgical nasal alveolar molding (PNAM)
appliance and dental treatment considerations for cleft lip and
Dr. Chen enjoys her award with Taipei Medical University President
Yuen Yen, MD, PhD.
palate patients and their care; esthetic restoration with zirconia
crowns for primary teeth and evidence that supports its use;
and pediatric oral sedation patient selection, safety, medication
review, and step-by-step clinical procedures.
Dr. Chen returned to southeast Asia again in October, first to
Suzhou, China (October 19-20), just a few miles west of Shanghai,
for the 22nd National Conference of the Chinese Pediatric Society.
It was the first year oral medicine was included as a subgroup
at this annual meeting of Chinese pediatriciains, and Dr. Chen was
the only international (non-Chinese) speaker to present a didactic
on Pediatric Oral Dental Trauma.
On October 21, Dr. Chen lectured at the ZheJiang University
Children’s Hospital, just fifty miles south, southwest in Hangzhou,
the capital of China’s Zhejiang province. Her presentations included
Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment: from PNAM Appliance to Dental
Care; and Pediatric Dentist Residency Training in America: How to
Develop a Pediatric Dentistry Residency Curriculum.
Finally (October 22), she traveled to Taichung, Taiwan, to
deliver a keynote CE lecture on Zirconia Crown Preparation and
Comparison and Clinical Cases of Oral Sedation at China Medical
University’s Cancer Research Center.
Part of a colorful poster used to announce Dr. Chen’s multiple lectures
hosted by the Taiwan Association of Pediatric Dentistry
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Murray Jacobs named
president of WSOMS
M
urray Jacobs, DDS, assistant professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, was named president of the Western Society of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons (WSOMS) during the Society’s annual meetings held July 3-6,
2017, at Park City, Utah
The WSOMS covers nine states and “is a voluntary partnership of dental professionals working together to improve the quality of oral and maxillofacial surgery services in the community.”
Dr. Murray Jacobs
Jeffrey Anderson awarded Dentsply Sirona
Student Research Award
J
effrey Anderson, LLU School of Dentistry class of 2018
dental student, was presented the American Association
of Dental Research (AADR) Dentsply Sirona Student Research
Award March 3, 2017, during LLUSD’s annual Student Award
Ceremony, by Sirona executive institutional specialist Kyle
Morton.
The annual event took place in the Damazo Amphitheater
at the Centennial Complex during Loma Linda University’s 2017
One Homecoming.
Jeffrey received a crystal engraved award and will
represent the School of Dentistry at the 47th Annual meeting
& Exhibition of the AADR and 42nd Annual meeting of the
California Association of Dental Research, March 21-24, 2018,
in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Jeffrey was nominated by his mentor
Jung-Wei “Anna” Chen, DDS, MS, MS, PhD, program director,
Advanced Specialty Education Program in Pediatric Dentistry, for
his outstanding research skills and collaboration spirit. With his
research team members (and 2018 classmates)—Ross Emerick,
Ashlee Sumilat, and Elisabeth Mauro—Jeffrey presented on
“Esthetic outcomes following the use of PNAM prior to cleft lip/
palate surgery: a multivariate analysis of cross-sectional data.”
He will present the research again during the upcoming 2018
AADR/CADR meeting in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
49
Sirona representative Kyle Morton (left) with Jeffrey Anderson.
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
LLUSD NEWS
Parnell Taylor’s tinnitus cohort study
research article by L. Parnell Taylor, DDS, associate professor and clinical
director, Division of General Dentistry, “The effect of specially designed and
managed occlusal devices on patient symptoms of tinnitus: A cohort study,” was
published online November 30, 2017, in the Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep
Practice.
A
Dr. Taylor and his co-authors, private practitioners Wayne O. Sletten, DDS, MSD,
and Thomas D. Dumont, DDS, demonstrated the treatment efficacy of bioesthetic
maxillary anterior guided orthoses (BMAGOs) on tinnitus.
Dr. Parnell Taylor
Christina Chi represents LLUSD at research conference
C
50
hristina Chi (DDS Class of 2018) represented LLUSD at
the 53rd Annual Colgate Dental Students’ Conference on
Research, October 1-3, 2017, in Gaithersburg, Maryland.
Her research presentation was entitled, “Tooth color
change monitoring with different shade assessment tools: An
in vitro study.”
The American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF)
hosts the Colgate Dental Students’ Conference on Research
each year at the Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center (VRC)
in Gaithersburg, Maryland, to introduce American and
Canadian dental students to the possibilities that dental
research careers include. At the three-day event, Christina
was able to interact with academic/industry professionals
and scientists from the VRC, American Dental Association,
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and
the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
(NIDCR) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
She was impressed by “the amount and depth of research
being conducted every day on a bigger stage,” as she “attended
lectures given by a wide variety of professionals, ranging from
the president of the ADA Foundation to postdoctoral fellows.”
Christina was able to tour research centers at the NIST and
NIH campus, and participated in poster presentations and panel
discussions.
“It’s not every day,” Christina says enthusiastically, “that you
get a chance to eat dinner next to Dr. Laurence Chow, inventor of
calcium phosphate bone cements, and casually chat with NIDCR
director Dr. Martha Somerman.”
For Christina “The best part of this conference was meeting
fellow dental student representatives from each dental school
Christina Chi poses in front of the National Institute of Dental and
Craniofacial Research.
across North America and simply discussing dentistry, dental
education, and dental research over a meal.”
Christina very much appreciates her research team
members/classmates—Arfassa Gullo, Emily Hwang, Minna
Chun, and Darlene Teddy—and her mentors—So Ran Kwon,
DDS, PhD, MS, professor, Dental Education Services, and
director, Student Research, and Udo Oyoyo, MPH, assistant
professor, Dental Education Services—for giving her the
opportunity to represent Loma Linda University School of
Dentistry.
The conference was sponsored by the ADA Foundation and
Colgate-Palmolive Company as a way to invest in the future of
oral health care by encouraging promising young researchers
to remain engaged in research throughout their careers.
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Dwight Rice, et al survey
CBCT image storage
n article by Dwight D. Rice, DDS, associate professor,
A
Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Kenneth Abramovitch,
DDS, MS, professor, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and
Gregory W. Olson, DDS’96, MS’11, associate professor,
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, “Saving, Transferring
and Long-term Storage of CBCT Volumes: A User Survey,”
was published in the July 2017 Journal of Oral Surgery, Oral
Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology,
Volume 124, Issue 1, July 2017, Page e36.
The authors’ survey revealed low consensus on the
management of the data sets and their subsequent usage.
Dr. Dwight Rice
Dr. Kenneth Abramovitch
Standardization of post-capture data management could greatly
facilitate patient care and IT performance, they suggest.
51
LLUSD & LLUSM authors
collaborate
ead author Dwight Rice, DDS’96, associate professor,
L
Dr. Gregory Olson
Dr. Susan Roche
Dr. Heidi Christensen
Dr. Edwin Christiansen
Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and four fellow LLUSD
faculty members—Kenneth Abramovitch, DDS, MS, professor,
Radiology and Imaging Sciences; Susan Roche, DDS’93, MS,
associate professor, Department of OMFS; Heidi Christensen,
DDS’83, MS, associate professor, Division of General Dentistry;
and Edwin Christiansen, DDS’75A, PhD, professor, Radiology
and Imaging Sciences—co-authored with two LLU physicians—
C.A. Cora, MD, assistant professor, School of Medicine, and K.
Torralba, MD, physician, Internal Medicine Rheumatology—an
article entitled, “Undiagnosed, chronic temporomandibular
joint pain: making a case for FDG-PET/CT,” published in the July
2017 issue of the International Journal of Rheumatic Disease.
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
LLUSD NEWS
OMFS faculty members, and Italian clinicians published
in Chinese journal
n article by Alan Herford, DDS’94, MD, chair, Department
of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Meagan Miller,
DDS’15, instructor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, entitled “The
use of virtual surgical planning and navigation in the treatment
of orbital trauma,” was published in the Chinese Journal of
Traumatology — available January 2017 at: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2016.11.002
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The paper reports a case describing the use of virtual surgical
planning and computerized navigation for the reconstruction of
a large orbital floor defect with a custom implant.
Dr. Alan Herford
Dr. Meagan Miller
Drs. Floriana Lauritano and Gabriele Cervino of the University of
Messina, Italy, and Drs. Fabrizio Signorino and Carlo Maiorana
of the University of Milan, Italy, are also coauthors of the article.
Alumnus Brent Hiebert has faculty co-authors
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52
LUSD alumnus Brent M. Hiebert, DDS’10, MSD, and faculty
members Kenneth Abramovitch, DDS, MS, professor,
Radiology and Imaging Sciences; Dwight Rice, DDS’96,
associate professor, Radiology and Imaging Sciences; and
Mahmoud Torabinejad, DMD, MSD, PhD, professor, Department
of Endodontics, coauthored an article entitled “Prevalence of
Second Mesiobuccal Canals in Maxillary First Molars Detected
Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography, Direct Occlusal
Access, and Coronal Plane Grinding,” in the July 20, 2017,
Journal of Endodontics.
Dr. Brent Hiebert
Dr. Kenneth Abramovitch
Dr. Dwight Rice
Dr. Mahmoud Torabinejad
A review of CBCT volumes found the presence of an MB2 canal
69% of the time. Accessing the tooth led to an MB2 detection of
78%. When a CBCT scan was viewed, this brought the access
detection rate up to 87%. Coronal plane root grinding had an
MB2 canal detection rate of 92%. Differences between each
method were statistically significant.
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Nadim Baba and fellows publish
Dr. Nadim Baba
Dr. Hamad AlRumaih
Dr. Aziz AlHelal
adim Baba, DMD, MSD, professor, Advanced Specialty Education Program in Prosthodontics;
N
Hamad AlRumaih, BDS, MSD’15, and 2016 fellow of the Advanced Education Program in Implant
Dentistry; and Abdulaziz AlHelal, BDS, MS’16, and 2017 Fellow of the Advanced Education Program in
Implant Dentistry, collaborated on an article, “An Alternative Technique for the Fabrication of a MetalReinforced Interim Implant-supported Fixed Prosthesis: A Clinical Report,” published in the April 2017
issue of the Journal of Prosthodontics, pp. 211-215.
53
The article presents a technique for the fabrication of a metal-reinforced interim implant-supported
fixed prosthesis for patients to wear while an existing prosthesis is being repaired.
Rami Jekki’s new role
ami Jekki, DDS’06 (IDP), MS’15, has been appointed associate program
R
director for the Advanced Specialty Education Program in Prosthodontics.
Dr. Jekki is an experienced clinician, having practiced dentistry for a combined eight
years in Iraq and Jordan before completing LLUSD’s International Dentist Program in
2006. Since then he has been a full time primary attending member of the School’s
clinical faculty.
Dr. Rami Jekki
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
LLUSD NEWS
Intrusion of permanent teeth reviewed by Samah Omar et al
n article by Samah Omar, assistant professor, Advanced
A
Specialty Education Program in Pediatric Dentistry, and
coauthors William F. Freccia, DDS, MS; Bonnie Retamozo,
DDS’05, MSD’09, assistant professor, Department of
Endodontics; and Leif K. Bakland, DDS’63, distinguished
emeritus professor, Department of Endodontics, has been
published in the May 2017 Journal of the California Dental
Association titled, "Traumatically Intruded Permanent
Teeth: Three Case Reports and a Review of Current
Recommendations," 45:5, pages 235-243.
This review evaluates the current information about
management of traumatically intruded permanent teeth. As
more data accumulates, uncertainties with respect to both
treatment recommendations and long-term outcomes can
be expected to be elucidated.
Dr. Samah Omar ( foreground) and two of her co-authors
(L-R): Dr. Bonnie Retamozo and Dr. Leif Bakland
Sarah Bukhari wins research competition and publishes
S
arah Bukhari, BDS, 2017 recipient of a certificate from the Advanced Specialty
Education Program in Prosthodontics, tied for first place in research competition
held at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Pacific Coast Society for Prosthodontics,
June 28-July 1, for her presentation, “An In-Vitro Investigation Comparing Methods
to Minimize Residual Excess Cement for Cement-Retained Implant Supported Fixed
Partial Dentures.”
54
Led by Dr. Bukhari, an article by five LLUSD authors, “Three-dimensional printing
in contemporary fixed prosthodontics: A technique article,” was published in the
September 2017 issue of The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
This technique article provides an example of the use of 3D printing to create a
definitive cast.
Dr. Bukhari’s coauthors were Brian J. Goodacre, DDS, MSD, assistant professor;
Abdulaziz AlHelal, BDS, MS, assistant professor; Mathew T. Kattadiyil, BDS,
MS; professor and program director, Advanced Specialty Education Program in
Prosthodontics; and Paul M. Richardson, CDT, Dental Lab Services.
Dr. Sarah Bukhari
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
2018 LLU/AAID
Implant MaxiCourse
®
55
Over 500 participants
have completed
the LLU School of
Dentistry and AAID
For more than 30 years, the Advanced Education Program in
Implant Dentistry through the Continuing Dental Education
Division has provided part-time didactic and clinical training
in implant dentistry to general practitioners and specialists.
The 2018 LLU/AAID MaxiCourse® offers 300 hours of
lectures, hands-on workshop sessions, live surgical
demonstrations, online lectures and clinical experiences
placing dental implants on participants’ patients. The LLU/
AAID MaxiCourse® brings the experience of renowned
instructors and clinicians from Loma Linda University and
around the world.
The 10-month sessions (two days per month) also help
prepare the participant to take the written portion of the
AAID Associate Fellow Membership Examination. The
didactic portion of the course includes information for
beginners, intermediate and advanced clinicians in implant
dentistry wishing to expand their knowledge in this field.
The program is designed to take the participants through a
systematic learning approach of implant dentistry.
Starting with basic concepts, diagnosis, treatment planning,
dental implant surgery and implant prosthodontics, the
attendees have the opportunity to develop sequential
treatment plans on their own patients and participate in
performing surgeries with the assistance of experienced
faculty and residents of the Advanced Education Program in
Implant Dentistry.
The attendees also experience hands-on workshops
where procedures such as cone-beam imaging analysis,
simulated patient-based dental implant surgery on life-like
mannequins, and guided-bone regeneration procedures on
cadavers and pig jaws complete the understanding of basic
and advanced dental surgical procedures.
Dates: March 8 - December 7, 2018
Tuition: $15,000
MaxiCourse program.
To register for LLU/AAID MaxiCourse contact Loma Linda University School of Dentistry
Continuing Dental Education office at (909) 651-5673 or visit us online at dentistry.llu.edu
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
FOND FAREWELLS
Milford Anholm
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LLUSD’s Distinguished Alumnus of
2010, Milford Anholm, DDS, MS
’62, who died July 24, 2017, was
the first Seventh-day Adventist with
a dental specialty (orthodontics) to
serve as a missionary.
Born February 12, 1923, in Hemet,
California, Dr. Anholm attended Loma
Linda Academy despite daunting
odds: his mother died when he was
six years old; his father died when he
was 15. On a rigorous work schedule
Dr. Milford Anholm
and budget, he completed predental
studies at Pacific Union College and
then dentistry at University of the Pacific in 1946.
After practicing dentistry for almost 20 years in Corvallis,
Oregon, he established a flourishing orthodontic practice (196572) in a Bangkok, Thailand, mission clinic. Sometimes he joined
medical/dental teams to do “bush” dentistry, which required
elephant transportation in remote areas.
In 1989 Dr. Anholm began a five-year stint as the only orthodontist
in Harare, Zimbabwe (a country of 12 million). In a land where graft
may be “king,” Dr. Anholm arranged for direct transfer of the clinic’s
profits to benefit mission schools and hospitals selected after his
inspection.
When he joined LLUSD’s faculty, Dr. Anholm undertook
multiple trips to supervise students on mission trips. They went
to the Philippines, Brazil, the South Pacific, Belize, and Peru.
He participated in short-term mission trips around the globe:
Micronesia, Russia, Honduras, Cameroon, ultimately reaching his
goal to visit 100 countries. He applauded the current practice of
dental teams that take air-driven turbines, air compressors, and
other equipment—all in a suitcase. “You need to present American
dentistry as first class,” he declared “You don’t go there and do ugly
dentistry.”
Honoring his impact on the profession, the orthodontic alumni
and Orthodontic Department named their current clinic the J.
Milford Anholm Graduate Orthodontic Clinic. Preceded in death by
his wife of 61 years, Betty Louise, Dr. Anholm is mourned by his two
sons—James, LLUSM’76, of Redlands, California, and John (wife
Anne, MD), of Snohomish, Washington—and one granddaughter.
Anholm’s first academic appointment with LLUSD was in
1972 and he remained on faculty in Orthodontics and Dentofacial
Orthopedics in various capacities until August 1, 2013.
Ernest Annofsky
The son of missionaries who had fled
China in the ’40s, Ernest Garret
Annofsky, DDS’71, was born in San
Francisco, California, on April 23, 1946.
He grew up the son of a minister who
pastored a Chinese church in the Bay
area.
After completing dentistry with
LLUSD’s class of ’71, Dr. Annofsky
practiced at various sites in California.
He also obtained a pilot’s license and
spent numerous weekends flying his
plane to Mexico, where he provided
Dr. Ernest Annofsky
dental service in remote areas.
Upon retirement in 1993, Dr.
Annofsky moved to Evergreen, Colorado. There he joined his
wife, Norma Delaney, in her self-empowerment business and coauthored Breath Around the World with her. The couple conducted
conferences in the United States as well as in Canada, Austria,
Germany, and Spain. Their conference presentations are available
in English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
Dying peacefully in Evergreen on August 1, 2017, Dr. Annofsky
leaves to mourn his wife, Norma Delaney, of Evergreen, and his
older sister, who lives in Virginia.
Susan Bennet
Susan Louise Bennett, BS’77 (DH),
will be sorely missed in her community
of Bellingham, Washington. She
died July 22, 2017, after falling into
a crevasse during a descent from
Forbidden Peaks in the North Cascade
Mountains.
Ms. Bennett was born September
11, 1955, in Pomona, California. She
spent her childhood and youth in nearby
Corona, before entering LLUSD’s dental
hygiene class of ’77. Upon graduation,
Ms. Susan Bennet
she joined Galbraith Mountain Pediatric
Dentistry in Bellingham, Washington,
where she worked as a pediatric dental hygienist. Active in children’s
dental advocacy, she also participated in local mountaineering and
soccer communities, serving on the Bellingham Mountaineers board
and volunteering at the Whatcom Family YMCA.
Some of her most significant community contributions were made
in mountaineering classes, where she taught on site the skills of
mountaineering: belaying, knots, rope work, Prusik ascents, and
rappelling. A mountaineering student has called her “fit,” “strong,”
“smart,” and “confident.”
Among Ms. Bennett’s survivors are her husband of 37 years, Craig
Convery, of Bellingham; and two sisters: Lisa Bennett of Lynwood,
Washington, and Jean Maddy of Kingman, Arizona. Contributions in
Ms. Bennett’s memory may be made to either the Whatcom Family
YMCA children’s activities or the Bellingham Mountaineers.
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
FOND FAREWELLS
Paul LaVerne Coe
Born in Stockton, New York, on August
9, 1931, Paul LaVern Coe, DDS’66,
completed military service during the
Korean War in an Austrian dental clinic.
Expertise gained there plus predental
courses at Andrews University, Berrien
Springs, Michigan, prompted his career
choice. It proved to be a fortunate match.
He frequently characterized his career
positively: “I never had a day I dreaded
going to work.”
Dr. Coe practiced dentistry in Delta,
Colorado,
for 44 years. During that time
Dr. Paul Coe
he was active in his local church, and
added reading, camping, and backpacking
to his pursuits. He made more than 30 climbs on Colorado’s 14,000foot peaks.
Predeceased by his first wife, Nancy, of 48 years, Dr. Coe died in
Eckert, Colorado, on August 23, 2017. His mourners include his wife
Bonnie, RN, of Delta; his sons—David of Paonia, Colorado; Sanford
(wife Marivic) of San Antonio, Texas; and Allan (wife Michelle) of
Canon City, Colorado—his stepdaughters—Katee (husband John)
McCollum of Montrose, Colorado, and Laura Clark of Delta; his
stepsons—Robert (wife Patricia) Wheeling of Thornton, Colorado; and
Donald (wife Tracy) Denham of Colorado Springs, Colorado—his 14
grandchildren and five great grandchildren.
Gerald Robert Douglass
A life-time NASDAD and Dean’s
Circle member, Gerald Robert
Douglass, DDS’64, was active in
civic and charitable organizations until
his death on September 21, 2017, in
Riverside, California.
Born in Massachusetts on February
25, 1938, Dr. Douglass completed predentistry studies at Columbia Union
College (now Washington Adventist
University), Takoma Park, Maryland,
before joining LLUSD’s class of 1964.
Upon dental school graduation, he
Dr. Gerald Douglass
began practicing in Riverside, where he
continued until retirement in 2002. In
an active retirement, he was serving in an administrative position
for his dental group at the time of his death.
Mourning Dr. Douglass’ death are his wife of 41 years, Carol;
his daughters—Christiana (husband James) Clubb of Tennessee;
Shelly Benedict of Glendale, California; Chrisann (husband Victor)
Burull of Riverside; and Andrea (husband Guy) Chrest, of Oak Hills,
California—and nine grandchildren.
57
Melvin England
The son of missionary parents, Mel
England, DDS’58, was born in San
Juan, Puerto Rico, on March 29,
1933. He would live in the Dominican
Republic, Cuba, Panama, and Colombia
before completing pre-dental studies
at Andrews University prior to entering
LLUSD’S class of ’58.
He pursued a practice in Centerville,
Ohio, for 49½ years. Active in the Dayton
Dental Society, National Association
of Seventh-day Adventists, LLUSD’s
Alumni Association and Century Club,
Dr. Melvin England
Dr. England was also a founding member
of the Centerville Seventh-day Adventist Church, where he served in
numerous roles.
In his youth Dr. England began putting together model airplanes.
Advancing to become a licensed pilot at the age of 16, he would join
the Dayton Pilots’ Club and the Experimental Aircraft Organization.
He introduced many children to their first small aircraft flights.
When he died on June 7, 2017, in Centerville, he left to mourn his
wife Nancy of 62 years, his four children—Debra (husband John)
Gustin of Roseville, California; Randall (wife Silvia) of Englewood,
Florida; Jeffrey (wife Lori) of Dewey, Arizona; and Jennifer (husband
Michael) Karasek of Elkhart, Indiana—his seven grandchildren and
four great-grandchildren.
The family has suggested that memorial gifts may be made to the
worthy student fund at Spring Valley Academy of Centerville.
Willis Mason Fox
A 22-year LLUSD faculty member in
restorative dentistry, Willis Mason
Fox, DDS’59, battled health setbacks to
pursue his professional career.
Born in Nashville, Tennessee, June
19, 1931, Dr. Fox grew up, admittedly
focused on baseball even at Emmanuel
Missionary College, where he qualified
for entering LLUSD’s class of ’59. At the
end of five years’ practice in Cologne,
British Columbia, a viral infection of
his heart muscle halted his practice for
two years. Returning to active life, he
Dr. Willis Fox
taught geometry and biology at Glendale
Adventist Academy, in California. Resuming dental practice, he
introduced fluoride rinse in the Ventura County Schools and provided
Ventura County jail inmates with dental care until a fungus infection
on his hands forced termination of his dental practice. He found
considerable satisfaction in his subsequent LLUSD teaching role,
1975-1997.
An avid birder, Dr. Fox made annual trips to Morro Bay, California,
for bird sightings; he also presided over family trips to Lake Mojave.
When he died July 22, 1917, he left to mourn his wife of 61 years,
Friedab(NP); and his daughters—Pamela Sue (husband Merlin)
Hirschkorn of Alberta, Canada; and Cheryl Denise (husband George)
White of Littleton, Colorado—three grandchildren, and three great
grandchildren.
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
FOND FAREWELLS
Fredrick Quentin Holweger
A member of LLUSD’s first graduating
class, Fredrick Q. Holweger, DDS’57,
was born December 19, 1929, in South
Dakota, where he grew up on a farm.
He pursued predental studies at Union
College, Lincoln, Nebraska, before
entering LLUSD’s class of ’57. After
dental graduation, he completed three
years of military service in El Paso, Texas.
His family, friends, and patients knew
he loved dentistry, which he practiced
energetically for 55 years in Chatsworth,
Georgia. His major off-duty pursuits were
Dr. Fredrick Holweger
connected to activities at his church
Dr. Holweger’s principal entertainment
was road trips. He often undertook cross-country trips to attend LLUSD
alumni events. When he retired in 2008, he moved to Chattanooga,
Tennessee, where he died on August 13, 2017.
His survivors include his wife of 64 years, Beverly; his son Jeff
(wife Jeri) of Greer, South Carolina; his daughters—Jerri (husband
Mike) Manlove of Chattanooga, Tennessee; and Holly (husband Greg)
Fowler of Grovetown, Georgia—his eight grandchildren and nine great
grandchildren.
Memorial gifts in Dr. Holweger’s memory can be sent to the worthy
student fund at Georgia-Cumberland Academy in Calhoun, Georgia.
Jack Jennings
58
Remembered for his life of service
and gratitude, Jack T. Jennings,
DDS’58, died August 16, 2017, at his
home in Stockton, California. Born in
Baytown, Texas, November 14, 1929,
he graduated from La Sierra University,
Riverside, California, with a bachelor’s
degree and a license in medical
technology. An army recruit during
the Korean War for two years, he then
entered LLUSD’s class of 1958.
After practicing dentistry in
Canada, Stockton, California, and Galt,
Dr. Jack Jennings
California, Dr. Jennings completed
oral and maxillofacial surgery training
at Oakland’s Highland General Hospital, 1971-75, and a residency
fellowship at University of California San Francisco Medical
Center, 1983-84. He practiced oral surgery in Stockton and Tracy,
California, until retirement.
Active in professional organizations, dental education, civic
and artistic projects, and his local Seventh-day Adventist church,
Dr. Jennings also pursued travel, horses, gardening, and service
to those in need. He is survived by his wife of 37 years, Walsie
of Stockton; his daughter, Cynthia Ketcherside of Stockton;
a granddaughter Hannah Ketcherside of Stockton; and two
grandsons, Christopher and Michael Jennings of Laguna Beach,
California.
James Walden Jacobson
Born in a farmhouse in Hagerman,
New Mexico, on January 1, 1935,
James
(“Jim”/”Jake”/“Jimmy”)
Walden Jacobson, DDS’62, moved
with his family to a dairy farm in
Modesto, California, when he was
10 years old.
While pursuing predental studies
at Pacific Union College, Angwin,
California, Dr. Jacobson contracted
polio, and because of a resultant delay
in his education, he met and married
the love of his life, Beverly McBride.
Dr. James Jacobson
Continuing his education at LLUSD,
he graduated with the class of ’62
and opened a dental office in Westminster, California, where he
practiced for 46 years. Retiring in 2008, he moved to Desert Hills,
Arizona, where he died September 10, 2017.
Dr. Jacobson is remembered for serving in the youth program at
his church for 27 years, becoming an influential figure in the lives
of many teens. He will be forever remembered by his wife of 58
years, Beverly of Desert Hills; his daughters—Tina (husband John)
Stacy of Phoenix; and Shelli (husband Scott) Foster of Lafayette,
New Jersey—his five grandchildren, and a host of friends.
David Lawrence Kelly
David Lawrence Kelly, DDS’80, was
born June 3, 1949, in San Bernardino,
California. After marrying his high
school sweetheart, he interspersed
work with school for several years,
completing pre-dental studies at La
Sierra University, Riverside, California.
Graduating with LLUSD’s class of ’80,
he practiced dentistry in Riverside for
two years before opening an office in
Arcadia, California, where he practiced
until retirement.
Among his recreational pursuits Dr.
Dr. David Kelly
Kelly established a family tradition of water
skiing vacations at Lake Havasu, Arizona.
Suffering complications from a kidney transplant, Dr. Kelly died
December 1, 2016. Mourning his death are his wife of nearly 49
years, Jean, of San Dimas, California; his son, Jess, of northern
California; his brother, Michael, of Moreno Valley, California; and
his sister, Kathy Repan, of Couer d’Alene, Idaho.
Volume 28, Number 2
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
FOND FAREWELLS
Sam Kennedy
Active until the day he suffered a fatal
cardiopulmonary arrest, Sam Kennedy,
DDS’77, was pursuing general and
hospital dentistry in Eureka, California.
A native of Kansas City, Missouri,
where he was born on September 25,
1949, Dr. Kennedy spent summers on
a family ranch. During World War II, he
looked with pride upon his mother’s work
in the manufacture of B-25 airplanes
and developed an affinity for all things
aeronautical. He attempted to join the
Air Force, but when health screenings
Dr. Sam Kennedy
prevented his enlistment, he took predentistry at the University of NebraskaLincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, and entered LLUSD’s class of ’77.
Dr. Kennedy spent 20 years at the site of his first dental practice
in Temecula, California, before relocating to Eureka, California, where
he was at the time of his death on July 17, 2017. Learning of his death
when an appointment was cancelled, one of his patients said, “He was
a good dentist—good conversation during appointments.” Another
commented, “Very thorough; explained in detail what needed to be
done.”
Predeceased by two sisters who died very young, Dr. Kennedy’s
survivors include his son Jared and daughter Kathleen.
George Kuniyoshi
To LLUSD’S first dental class, George
Kuniyoshi, DDS’57, brought the unique
experience of having spent his eleventh,
twelfth, and thirteenth years in a
Japanese internment camp at Granada,
Colorado. His parents had immigrated
from Japan before he was born January
21, 1930, in Merced, California. At 13
he returned with his parents to Merced,
attending Grant Union High School in
Sacramento before entering Pacific
Union College.
Graduating with LLUSD’s first class,
Dr. George Kuniyoshi
Dr. Kuniyoshi served as an army dentist,
achieving the rank of captain. Following
his military service, he opened an office in Sacramento, where he
practiced for 35 years. He became a very active member of Sacramento
Japanese Church, serving at various times as deacon, treasurer, and
Sabbath School teacher, and participating in the church choir, men’s
quartet, Pathfinder leadership, gym nights—and even mowing the
church lawn. Dr. Kuniyoshi enjoyed golfing, gardening, reading, and,
with the arrival of his grandchild, babysitting.
He had moved in retirement to Upland, California, where he died on
October 29, 2017. Mourning his death are his wife of 61 years, Mildred
of Upland; and his daughters—Diane Loo, LLUSM, ‘84 (husband Ivan
Loo, MA, LLUSR ’87) of Upland; and Keri Medina, DNS (husband
Ernest Medina, DrPH, LLU’93) of Loma Linda—and one grandchild.
59
James Pettey
Growing up in Riverside, California,
after his birth in San Francisco,
California, on March 11, 1946, James
Pettey, DDS‘75A, attended Ramona
High School, Riverside City College
(RCC), and La Sierra University before
entering LLUSD.
Upon graduating at LLUSD he would
establish a practice in Riverside,
becoming very active in the community
and in the Tri-County Dental Society.
A pilot, Dr. Pettey also participated
in volunteer flights to Nicaragua to
Dr. James Pettey
provide dental care with his colleagues.
Introduced to Redlands Sunrise Rotary,
he made several Rotary-related trips to various countries.
In 1979 the Petteys moved to Redlands. There Dr. Pettey became
a Webelo den leader, a coach for Junior All American Football, copresident (with his wife) of Music Boosters, and a trip sponsor for
the RCC band when his son played trumpet in the group.
Dr. Pettey’s plans to practice five more years were cut short when
his battle with leukemia ended. He died on November 9, 2017, at his
home in Calimesa, California. Mourning his death are his wife of 52
years, Jean; his three sons—James of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;
Donald (wife Kate) of Manitou Springs, Colorado; and Douglas (wife
Kelly) of Yucaipa, CA—and four granddaughters.
Vernon Prewitt
Those who knew Vernon Prewitt, DDS’59,
cite the moral compass he maintained for
life, which began in Wallula, Washington,
on July 24, 1931. After predental studies
at then Walla Walla College, College
Place, Washington, Dr. Prewitt entered
LLUSD’s class of ’59. His first practice
was established in Alaska. Later he would
open offices in Kilroy, California, Spokane,
Washington, and Portland, Oregon.
In Portland Dr. Prewitt became involved
in dental care at the prison. In another
pursuit he combined his enthusiasm
Dr. Vernon Prewitt
for travel with trips overseas to provide
dental care in remote areas.
Active in his church he also gave extensive support to NASDAD,
serving as its president for more than one term.
Still devoted to his dental career, Dr. Prewitt semi-retired at 81
in Scottsdale, Arizona, where he taught at the local dental hygiene
school. Predeceased by his wife Gladys, he was in Scottsdale when
he died on June 27, 2017.
Dr. Prewitt’s survivors include his daughters—Shirley (husband Alan
Scott) Wall, BS’77 (DH), Scottsdale, Arizona; and Barbara (husband
Martin) Karge of Portland, Oregon—his son Edward (wife Tracy) of
Minnesota, and 17 grandchildren.
LLUSD ARTICULATOR
Summer / Autumn 2017
FOND FAREWELLS
Keith Tall
Just months after joining LLUSD
classmates (March 2017) to celebrate
the fiftieth anniversary of their
graduation, Keith Tall, DDS’67, died
July 13, 2017, in Vancouver, Washington.
Born in Birch River, Manitoba, Canada,
September 23, 1940, Dr. Tall prepared
for dental school at Canadian Union
College, LaCombe, Alberta, Canada,
and Walla Walla College, College Place,
Washington.
After dental graduation Dr. Tall
established
a dental practice in Tracy,
Dr. Keith Tall
California, where he practiced for
17 years. Then in a 29-year return
to Canada, he lived in Langley, British Columbia, where he was
active in overseeing his five-acre property, acting as school board
chairman, and traveling with Fraser Valley Adventist Academy’s
gymnastic team, serving as its emcee. He gained a reputation for
being a notably outgoing person with a sense of humor.
Mourning their loss are Dr. Tall’s wife of 50 years, Marilyn
(DH’66) of Vancouver, Washington; his children—Christine
(husband Michael) Sharon, DH’93, of Walla Walla, Washington;
Laura (husband Jason) Liu, of Irvine, California; and Brian (wife
Priscilla, DDS’08), LLUSAH’01, of Beaumont, California—and six
grandchildren.
Eugene Voth
60
Born February 14, 1937, in Shafter,
California, Eugene Voth, DDS’63,
MS’68, worked in Scappoose, Oregon,
as a youth on the family farm as well
as at a sawmill, as an electrician’s
apprentice, and as a tile mason before
completing predental studies at Pacific
Union College.
Groomed for a teaching career during
his dental education at LLUSD, Dr. Voth
completed a dental degree and master’s
in dental materials in 1963, and a
second master’s at Indiana University.
Dr. Eugene Voth
He would serve in LLUSD’s restorative
dentistry for six years. After completing
orthodontics at LLUSD in 1968, he spent four years overseeing
establishment of an orthodontic department at the Medical College
of Georgia in Augusta.
Dr. Voth then opened an orthodontic practice in Asheville,
North Carolina. He practiced there until a serious accident in 1992
forced his retirement. He remained an active benefactor of the
Warrensville, North Carolina, Adventist Church; he also enjoyed
outdoor activities: gardening, hiking, and shooting.
On November 21, 2017, Dr. Voth died in Asheville, North Carolina,
leaving to mourn his wife of 30 years, Lori; his children—Bradford
Voth, Kent Wolff Jr. and Mary Lorena Wade, MD (husband Robert
Wade, MD)—and four grandchildren, all of Asheville, North
Carolina.
Rik Vanooteghem
Born February 23, 1957, In Kortrijk,
Belgium, and educated in his home
country, Rik Vanooteghem, DDS, MS’84,
practiced dentistry there until coming to
the United States for graduate studies.
Awarded a master’s degree (1984) in
LLUSD’s Advanced Specialty Education
Program in Periodontics, he joined
the dental faculty at University of the
Pacific, San Francisco, and soon opened
a practice in Sunnyvale, California. He
loved the practice of dentistry but was
also fond of traveling. His friends hailed
Dr. Rik Vanooteghem
him as a gentleman, scholar, and family
man, commenting, “There’s nothing he
would not do for friends and family.”
His battle with ALS ended when Dr. Vanooteghem died February
15, 2017, in San Jose, California. Survivors include his wife of 26
years, Kathy of San Jose; four children—Bonnie (husband Ryan)
Johnston of Chico, California; Kyle (wife Caitlin) Cameron of Benicia,
California; Tara (husband Luke) Liggett of Avella, Pennsylvania;
and Tessa Vanooteghem of San Mateo, California—and five
grandchildren.
The family has suggested that gifts in Dr. Vanooteghem’s memory
may be made to his favorite charity, Angel Flight, which arranges
charitable flights to connect needy people with health care.
William Warmkessel
William F. Warmkessel, DDS’64,
MPH ’76, was born September 5,
1932, in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
Army service during the Korean War
introduced him to laboratory work. He
continued laboratory work even while
pursuing dentistry in the class of ’64.
Dental practice would take him
to Napa, California (1964-69), then
Truckee, California (‘70s and ‘80s),
and finally to Naples, Idaho, where he
retired in his 70s.
A master’s in public health enhanced
Dr. Willliam Warmkessel
Dr. Warmkessel’s commitment to health
education. He staged both smoking
cessation clinics and cooking classes in his communities, and
enjoyed hiking and exploring nature.
When he died in Naples on April 6, 2017, Dr. Warmkessel left
to mourn his three sons—Ethan (wife Laura) of Reno, Nevada;
Jonathan (wife Deborah) of New Cumberland, Pennsylvania; and
Keith of Sarasota, Florida—and four grandchildren.
RDAEF
Expanded Duties Program
This comprehensive Board‐approved RDAEF program provides 410 hours
of instruction for RDAs and 318 hours of instruction for existing RDAEFs. It
combines didactic, hands‐on laboratory and live patient clinical experiences
that satisfy the California Dental Board's requirements for new and existing
RDAEFs who wish to expand their licensure in preparation for earning
certification in the new extended functions.
This RDAEF Expanded Course will be taught as a series of three individual
courses (modules) that must be successfully completed in a designated
sequence within an established time frame before taking the new State Board
Examination. Modules can be paid individually and sessions will be offered on
Sundays and evenings to better accommodate working adults.
To successfully complete the program and be eligible to sit for the new State
Board Examination, participants are required to pass all three modules with a
minimum 75% pass rate.
Module 1
Fee: $4,700 | CDE Credits: 104
June 3, 2018 - Aug. 26, 2018 (19 class sessions)
June 3, 5, 7, 17, 19, 21, 24, 2018 / July 10, 12, 22, 24, 26 / Aug. 5, 7, 9,
19, 21, 23, 26, 2018
Module 2
Fee: $6,300 | CDE Credits: 128
Sept.4, 2018 - Dec. 16, 2018 (24 class sessions)
Sept. 4, 6, 9, 18, 20, 23 / Oct. 2, 4, 7, 16, 18, 21, 30 / Nov. 1, 4, 13, 15,
18, 27, 29 / Dec. 2, 11, 13, 16, 2018
Module 3
Fee for Licensed RDAEFs: $6,000 | CDE Credits: 104
Fee for RDAs: $7,000 | CDE Credits: 180
Jan. 6, 2019 - May 5, 2019 (30 class sessions)
Jan. 6, 8, 10, 20, 22, 24, 2019 / Feb. 3, 5, 7, 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 28 / March
10, 12, 14, 24, 26, 28 / April 7, 9, 11, 23, 25, 28, 30 / May 2, 5, 2019
All three modules can be paid with payments, with
balance due 10 days before the end of each module.
Class times: Sundays: 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM (with a one hour
lunch period) // Tuesdays & Thursdays: 5:30 PM to 9:30 PM
Financial Aid:
Loma Linda University Continuing Dental Education is now offering funding
available to qualified individuals through the Sallie Mae Smart Option
Student Loan® program. These are low interest student loans in which you
can choose between 3 repayment options. Apply online and it only takes
approximately 15 minutes to get a credit result. The site is NOW LIVE & ready
to go! Please visit the Sallie Mae website more information.
For more information contact:
LLUSD Continuing Education
11245 Anderson Street, Suite 120, Loma Linda, CA 92350
Ph: (909) 558-4685 · F: (909) 558-0835 · dentistry.llu.edu/RDAEF
Upcoming CE Courses
Tisk Tisk Tisk, You’re High Caries Risk
Sunday, January 21, 2018
Oral Surgery Challenges and Solutions for the
General Practitioner
Sunday, January 28, 2018
Managing Restorative Materials: The Path to
Beautiful Dentistry
Sunday, February 4, 2018
Are Your Patients Getting Comfortably Numb?
An Update and Review of Local Anesthesia
Techniques and Pharmacology
Sunday, March 18, 2018
The Science & Technology Behind Treating
Sleep Apnea: A Roadmap to Lower Stress,
Higher Income, and Healthier Patients!
Sunday, April 8, 2018
Hot Topics in Infection Control and the
California Dental Practice Act
Sunday, April 15, 2018
Recreating Nature Using Direct Composite
Resin
Sunday, April 22, 2018
The Bottom Line on Bleaching 2018
Sunday, June 3, 2018
RDAEF Expanded Duties Program
June 3, 2018 - May 5, 2019
For more information or to register contact LLUSD
Continuing Education 11245 Anderson Street, Suite 120
Loma Linda, CA 92350
Ph: (909) 558-4685 | F: (909) 558-0835 | dentistry.llu.edu
NONPROFIT ORG
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
SAN BERNARDINO, CA
PERMIT NO. 1272
Loma Linda University
11145 Anderson St.
Loma Linda, CA 92350
ALUMNI STUDENT CONVENTION
homecoming
ONE
Thursday, March 1, 2018
Poster research presentations
Friday, March 2, 2018
Missions Emphasis Breakfast
Centennial Complex 4th floor // 9am-4pm
Wong Kerlee // 7am-8am
Maximizing Your Practice Value with Data Mining
Methods
Interdisciplinary Healthcare Updates
Centennial Complex Room 3111 // 10am-12pm
Poster research presentations
Top Ten Lessons I Have Learned In Orthodontics
Centennial Complex 4th floor // 9am-2pm
Centennial Complex Damazo Amphitheater // 8am-5pm
Critical Issues in Dental Practice Management
Whole Notes Conference - Bridge the Gap: Clinical
Communication Symposium
Loma Linda University Drayson Center // 8am-5pm
Centennial Complex // 8am-4pm
• Practice Management Statistics: Key Performance
Indicators
• Becoming an Associate or a Practice Owner
Wong Kerlee // 1pm-4pm
All- School All-Alumni Reception
Wong Kerlee // 4pm-6pm
Saturday, March 3, 2018
Sabbath Services
Lunch Haystacks
Class Reunions
Sunday, March 4, 2018
Dental Trauma Can Be More Than a Chipped Tooth
School of Dentistry // 8:00am – 5:00pm
For more information on the 2018 One Homecoming, contact Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Continuing Dental
Education office at (909) 558-4685 or visit us online at dentistry.llu.edu/alumni/one-homecoming-convention