RSC Green Chemistry Series
Edited by Rainer Höfer
Sustainable Solutions for
Modern Economies
Foreword by Paul Anastas
Sustainable Solutions for Modern Economies
RSC Green Chemistry
Series Editors:
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The Future of Glycerol: New Uses of a Versatile Raw Material
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Sustainable Solutions for Modern Economies
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Sustainable Solutions for Modern
Economies
Edited by
Rainer Höfer
Cognis GmbH, Monheim, Germany
The front cover image has been taken from the website of EFPRA, the
European Fat Processors and Renderers Association, Rijswijk, Netherlands,
http://www.efpra.eu. The picture shows SARIA Bio-Industries’ SIFDDA SAS
site in Benet, France. Reproduction with kind permission of EFPRA and
SARIA Bio-Industries, Selm, Germany.
RSC Green Chemistry No. 4
ISBN: 978-1-84755-905-0
ISSN: 1757-7039
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
r Royal Society of Chemistry 2009
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Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry,
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For further information see our website at www.rsc.org
Foreword
There’s a funny thing about design. You can’t do design by accident. If you
wind up with a wonderful new product through serendipity, you can say all
kinds of things about it but you can never claim that it was designed. This is
important because what we face today is the greatest design challenge of all
time. How do we design the products and processes that are the basis of our
society and our economy so that they are benign to humans and the environment and are sustainable? It is a difficult challenge for many reasons.
First, we have designed things so wrong for so long, we have many old, bad
habits to break. As we look across the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry,
one could view them as common sense. However, common sense is not common in chemical design. The amount of waste generated per kilogram of
product is often of higher magnitude than the production volume. Our feedstocks are usually depleting finite resources, our reagents are often toxic and
our products persistent and bioaccumulating. The good news is that many of
the best practitioners in the world have recognized the shortcomings of our
chemical design and their work is featured in this book.
Second, we don’t view hazard as a design flaw. We are very good at designing
for performance. The past 150 years of chemistry can be viewed as nothing
short of a technological miracle in the development of new medicines, dyes,
materials and catalysts. However, adverse consequence to humans or the
environment was never considered as a design criterion. In part, this was due to
the fact that we didn’t have the molecular basis of understanding hazard in a
way that would inform design. However, with the advancement of the science,
we have insights that allow us to design intrinsically less hazardous products
and processes as can be seen in this volume.
Third, we don’t think in terms of systems. Even when we approach some of
the big sustainability challenges, climate change, renewable energy, pure water,
food supply, toxics, etc., we approach these challenges in a fragmented manner.
We often forget that climate change is inextricably linked to energy, and energy
to water purification, and water to food, etc. We often wind up doing the ‘‘right
things, wrong’’. We purify water with acutely lethal substances. We make
energy-efficient bulbs with neurotoxins, and solar energy with scarce, depleting
and toxic metals. The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry have supplied a
framework by which to recognize how to do the ‘‘right things, right’’. In other
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Foreword
words, to know when your solutions to sustainability challenges are themselves
sustainable.
This book is a collection of work by thoughtful designers who have
approached their work with sustainability in mind; who recognize the errors
of our past and are designing new systems that reduce or eliminate intrinsic
hazard wherever possible. It is one of the great scientific challenges that we
face and we need to face it with creative, rigorous design. We cannot count on
accident or serendipity to get us off the unsustainable trajectory that we are on
currently.
The achievements of the field of Green Chemistry and sustainable design
in its short life are truly amazing. They span every molecular sub-discipline.
The achievements can be found across virtually every industry sector that
chemistry touches from electronics to aerospace, to chemicals, pesticides and
medicines, to paints, plastics and cosmetics. However, the most remarkable
thing about the accomplishments of the field of Green Chemistry thus far is
that collectively they are just a small fraction of the power and the potential
of the achievements yet to be realized. The achievements in this book are yet
another glimmer of how thoughtful design can lead us towards a sustainable
civilization.
Paul T. Anastas
Teresa and H. John Heinz III Professor
In the Practice of Chemistry for the Environment
Yale University
USA
Preface
Apocalypse now? Was the financial crisis which erupted in 2008 the ‘‘writing
on the wall’’, the Menetekel for the Industrial Age? Is mankind approaching
the impasse of Easter Island, Anasazi and Maya societies shortly before
collapse – ‘‘which followed swiftly upon the society’s reaching its peak of
population, monument construction and environmental impact’’? Or will
mankind be capable of a new global common sense? After 200 years
of industrial development largely based on easily available, abundant, and
hence cheap fossil raw materials, will there be a concept and an agreed-upon
action plan to preserve these more and more precious materials, because they
are finite, fossil resources and substitute them with renewable raw materials,
enforcing sustainable development on a global basis and bringing global
warming to a halt?
This introduction to Sustainable Solutions for Modern Economies has been
written in the first week of April 2009, after the G20, NATO and EU-USA
summits in London, Kehl-Strasbourg and Prague, which have created hope
that such a vision might become a reality. There is no doubt, however, that
concepts for energy savings on a global basis and a fair value for finite fossil
resources need to be part of such reality.
Sustainable Solutions for Modern Economies is not meant as a political
pamphlet. However, the very concept of sustainability and its social, economical and ecological aspects have been established and accepted at the Earth
Summit in Rio de Janeiro as a political initiative obligating the signatory states
to implement Agenda 21, the wide-ranging blueprint for action to achieve
sustainable development worldwide. Sustainable Solutions for Modern Economies is meant as an essay to reflect the aspects of sustainability in the different
sectors of national and global economies, to draft a roadmap for public and
corporate sustainability strategies, and to outline the current status of markets,
applications, use and research and development for renewable resources.
RSC Green Chemistry No. 4
Sustainable Solutions for Modern Economies
Edited by Rainer Höfer
r The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009
Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org
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Preface
Besides history of the sustainability concept, Chapter 1 brings up philosophical aspects of the relationship between man and nature and highlights
the key sustainability initiatives of the chemical industry, i.e. The Responsible
Cares Global Charter and the 24 Principles of Green Chemistry and Green
Engineering.
Chapter 2 depicts the position and the systemic role of the financial market in
the economic circuit on the one hand and, on the other, recently developed key
performance indicators for the sustainability rating of companies used
as criteria for socially responsible investments and asset management, and
to analyze and measure the non-financial enterprise value on a normative
basis. A normative basis necessary to comparatively measure sustainability
in industrial products, processes and applications is provided by the ecoefficiency analysis. Chapter 3 describes the eco-efficiency analysis as a management tool incorporating economic and environmental aspects for the
comprehensive evaluation of products over their entire life-cycle from concept
development, design, implementation and marketing to end-of life issues like
recycling or disposal. For the first time, Chapter 4 describes a holistic approach
to define sustainability as a guiding principle for modern logistics, i.e.
throughout the process that plans, implements and controls the effective, efficient, forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, finance and/or
information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order
to meet customers’ requirements.
Consumer behaviour and expectations, indeed, are crucial aspects to be
considered when dealing with further development of the sustainability concept. This is done in Chapter 5 for consumer goods, taking detergents as an
example with the life-cycle of the washing process acting as indicator, while
Chapter 6 specifies the achievement of food security at a global level as a key
element of sustainable development and details the importance of, and attention attributed to, the food and nutrition industries to consumer expectations
throughout the value chain starting with green agriculture, animal husbandry
and fishing followed by sustainable food production and processing, packaging, retailing and service.
Key challenges for society at the beginning of the twenty-first century are
energy economy and alternative energies. Tens of millions of years ago, biomass provided the basis for what we actually call fossil resources and biomass
again is by far the most important resource for renewable energies today. The
actual status and the potential of biomass as well as biomass conversion
technologies to provide green energy in the form of heat and/or power are
detailed in Chapter 7, while Chapter 8 summarizes the manufacturing and
usage of first-generation biofuels and gives an outlook to biomass-based
second- and third-generation transportation fuels.
Together with the increasingly efficient utilization of fossil resources for heat
and power generation and as fuel for transportation of people and goods, the
chemical industry has established the basis for more or less all modern industries. Machinery wouldn’t work and cars and trucks wouldn’t move without
synthetic lubricants. The chemical industry provides dyes and pigments which
Preface
ix
make our world bright and colourful. Hunger has been a problem throughout
history until chemical fertilizers and pesticides made efficient agriculture and
plant protection possible. Lightweight and shock resistant plastics guarantee
the safe transport and storage of goods. Modern communication and information storage systems depend on liquid crystals, printed circuit boards or
ultrapure silicon wafers. Human population growth, increased life expectancy
and reduced risk of physical infirmity (as well as voluntary birth control) only
became possible when the chemical industry emanated into the pharmaceutical
industry, and when synthetic detergents ensured hygiene in personal care,
laundry care and institutional cleaning. It needs to be noted, however, that
organic molecules are composed of small molecular building blocks predominantly derived from coal, natural gas and crude oil. The efficient
complementation and eventual substitution of these raw fossil materials by
biomass is the subject matter of green chemistry and is comprehensively
described in Chapter 9, which comprises lipid-based biomass (natural fats and
oils, Chapter 9.1), industrial applications of carbohydrate-based biomass
(starch, Chapter 9.2, and sucrose, Chapter 9.3), wood (Chapter 9.4), natural
rubbers (Chapter 9.5), natural fibres (Chapter 9.6) and plant-based biologically
active ingredients for cosmetics (Chapter 9.7).
The notion of sustainability in highly specialized markets where specifications and performance are key requirements is discussed in Chapter 10 (green
solvent alternatives for fine chemicals, for metal treatment, for coatings and for
crop protection formulations) and in Chapter 11 (sustainable solutions for
adhesives and sealants).
Last but not least, White Biotechnology (Chapter 12) is largely regarded as a
particularly promising gateway to a sustainable future. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, energy and water usage are examples of the benefits
brought about by greener, cleaner and simpler biotechnology processes. White
biotechnology can contribute to the reduction in the dependency on fossil
resources through the utilization of renewable raw materials. An especially
notable feature of white biotechnology, though, is the ability to perform specific biochemical reactions without by-product formation or waste generation,
which synthetic chemistry is not able to provide.
As an employee of Henkel and Cognis I have had the chance to follow,
observe and contribute to the successful implementation of sustainability
as a guiding principle and business model for the company and for relations
with our customers. I would like to thank my colleagues Benoı̂t Abribat,
Carsten Baumann, Manfred Biermann, Joaquim Bigorra, Paul Birnbrich,
Christoph Breucker, Wolfgang H. Breuer, Stefan Busch, Dieter Feustel, Matthias Fies, Roland Grützmacher, Bernhard Gutsche, Jochen Heidrich, Uwe
Held, Karlheinz Hill, Klaus Hinrichs, Ronald Klagge, Alfred Meffert, Harald
Rößler, Thorsten Roloff, Setsuo Sato, Harald Sauthoff, Jörg Schmitz, Ulrich
Schörken, Markus Scherer, Heinz-Günther Schulte, Alfred Westfechtel,
Andreas Willing and Guido Willems, who have accompanied this enterprise
and, in one way or another, have framed the concept and the content of
this book.
x
Preface
I would like to thank all the authors for their commitment and for bringing
in their knowledge, their professional experience and their expertise.
I would also like to thank the Management Board of Cognis GmbH,
particularly Paul Allen, Helmut Heymann and Antonio Trius, for their support
of this project.
Rainer Höfer
Düsseldorf
Contents
Abbrevations
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
xxi
History of the Sustainability Concept – Renaissance of
Renewable Resources
Rainer Höfer
1
1.1 From Evolution to Apocalypses
1.2 Our Common Future
1.3 Sustainable Chemistry
1.4 Renaissance of Renewable Raw Materials
References
2
3
6
7
9
Sustainability in Finance – Banking on the Planet
Philippe Spicher, Juliane Cramer von Clausbruch and
Pablo von Waldenfels
12
2.1
2.2
2.3
Introduction
Sustainability and Asset Value
Socially Responsible Investment, SRI
2.3.1 Exclusion
2.3.2 Best-in-class
2.3.3 Engagement
2.4 Responsible Investment: the Mainstreaming of SRI
2.5 Conclusion
References
12
13
15
17
18
19
19
22
23
Metrics for Sustainability
Peter Saling
25
RSC Green Chemistry No. 4
Sustainable Solutions for Modern Economies
Edited by Rainer Höfer
r The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009
Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org
xi
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Contents
3.1
3.2
Introduction
The Eco-Efficiency Analysis as an Approach for the
Checking of Sustainability in Industrial Products and
Applications
3.2.1 Conducting an Eco-Efficiency Analysis
3.3 Industrial Examples for Using Sustainability
Metrics
3.3.1 Eco-Efficiency Study of Curing Alternatives
for Wooden Substrates
3.3.2 Vitamin B2 Case Study
3.3.3 Eco-Efficiency Analysis Confirms: Ionic
Liquids Provide Benefits
3.4 Beneficial Uses of Eco-Efficiency Analysis and
Metrics for Sustainability
3.5 Outlook
References
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
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27
29
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33
34
35
35
Sustainable Logistics as a Part of Modern Economies
Thierry Jouenne
37
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Introduction
Definition and Role of Logistics
Current Situation
The Four Logistic Drivers
4.4.1 Logistic Reliability
4.4.2 Logistic Efficiency
4.4.3 Logistic Agility
4.4.4 Eco-logistics
4.5 Towards Sustainable Logistics in the Service of
Sustainable Development
4.6 Conclusion
References
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38
40
41
42
43
45
46
Sustainable Solutions for Consumer Products
Frank Roland Schroeder
53
5.1
5.2
5.3
53
54
Introduction
Demographic Dynamics and Global Megatrends
Life-cycle of the Washing Process – an Example for
Sustainability in Consumer Goods
5.3.1 Raw Materials
5.3.2 Logistics
5.3.3 Production
5.3.4 Use Phase
5.3.5 Disposal Phase
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Contents
Chapter 6
5.4 Sustainability Profiles of Detergent Formulations
5.5 Conclusion
References
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65
65
Sustainable Solutions for Nutrition: A Consumer
Expectation
Sven Thormahlen
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6.1
6.2
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Introduction
Sustainability in Food and Nutrition
6.2.1 Sustainable Milk Procurement in Rural
Turkey
6.2.2 Sustainable Cow Feed in France
6.2.3 Sustainable Exploitation of the Evian Mineral
Water Source
6.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Biomass-based Green Energy Generation
Martin Kaltschmitt and Daniela Thrän
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80
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7.1
7.2
Introduction
Biomass Sources
7.2.1 Properties
7.2.2 Biomass Potential
7.3 Biomass Conversion
7.3.1 Thermo-chemical Conversion
7.3.2 Physico-chemical Conversion
7.3.3 Bio-chemical Conversion
7.4 Biomass Use
7.5 Final Considerations
7.5.1 Competition Areas
7.5.2 Effects on Competition
7.5.3 Configuration Approaches
7.5.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
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Green Fuels – Sustainable Solutions for Transportation
Eckhard Dinjus, Ulrich Arnold, Nicolaus Dahmen,
Rainer Höfer and Wolfgang Wach
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8.1
8.2
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Introduction
First-generation Biofuels
8.2.1 Bioethanol
8.3 Lipid-based Biofuels
8.3.1 Vegetable Oils as Transportation Fuels
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Chapter 9
Contents
8.3.2 Vegetable Oils as Biodiesel Feedstock
8.3.3 Fats and Oils as BTL Raw Material
8.3.4 Lipid-based Jet Fuels
8.3.5 Conclusions for Lipid-based Biofuels
8.4 Methane via Anaerobic Digestion
8.5 Second-generation Biofuels
8.5.1 Hydrogen via Biomass Gasification
8.5.2 Synthetic Natural Gas via Biomass
Gasification
8.5.3 Biobutanol
8.5.4 HTU Diesel
8.5.5 Pyrolysis Oil
8.5.6 Syngas-based Biofuels
8.6 Third-generation Biofuels and Beyond
References
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Biomass for Green Chemistry
Karlheinz Hill and Rainer Höfer
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References
166
Chapter 9.1 Natural Fats and Oils
Karlheinz Hill and Rainer Höfer
9.1.1
9.1.2
Introduction
Paradigm Changes in Global Fats and Oils
Production, Use and Trade
9.1.3 Production of Oils and Fats
9.1.3.1 Production of Vegetable Oils and Fats
9.1.3.2 Production of Animal Oils and Fats
9.1.4 Chemical Composition of Fats and Oils
9.1.4.1 Animal Fats and Oils
9.1.4.2 Vegetable Fats and Oils
9.1.5 The Value Chain of Fats and Oils – Industrial
Non-food Uses
9.1.5.1 Fats and Oils as Precursors for
Biopolymers
9.1.5.2 Fatty Acids – Keystones of
Oleochemistry
9.1.5.3 Fatty Acid Esters
9.1.5.4 Green Lubricants and Carrier Oils
9.1.5.5 Glycerine as C3-Building Block
9.1.5.6 Fatty Alcohols
9.1.5.7 Green Surfactants
9.1.6 Perspectives
References
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Contents
Chapter 9.2 Starch: A Versatile Product from Renewable Resources for
Industrial Applications
Andrea Gozzo and Detlev Glittenberg
238
9.2.1 Markets
9.2.2 Starch and Derivatives
9.2.3 Food Applications
9.2.4 Pharmaceutical and Chemical Applications
9.2.5 Industrial Binder Applications
9.2.6 Paper and Board Applications
9.2.7 Outlook
References
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Chapter 9.3 Industrial Sucrose
Stefan Frenzel, Siegfried Peters, Thomas Rose and
Markwart Kunz
264
9.3.1
9.3.2
Industrial Production of Sucrose
Chemistry of the Sucrose Molecule
9.3.2.1 Basic Organic Chemicals by Sucrose
Degradation
9.3.2.2 Sucrose-derived Products of Industrial
Relevance Maintaining the Sugar
Skeleton
9.3.2.3 Sugar Derivatives While Maintaining
Carbohydrate Structure
9.3.3 Outlook
References
Chapter 9.4 Wood
Elisabeth Windeisen and Gerd Wegener
9.4.1
9.4.2
9.4.3
Introduction
9.4.1.1 Perspectives of Sustainability
9.4.1.2 Forest as Ecosystem and Resource
9.4.1.3 From Wood Resources to Wood
Products
Chemistry of Wood
9.4.2.1 Survey
9.4.2.2 Cellulose
9.4.2.3 Polyoses (Hemicelluloses)
9.4.2.4 Lignin
9.4.2.5 Extractives
9.4.2.6 Inorganic Components (Ash)
Pulp and Paper
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Contents
9.4.3.1 Production and Environmental Aspects
9.4.3.2 Products
9.4.4 Wood-based Composites
9.4.4.1 Conventional Concepts and Products
9.4.4.2 New Concepts and Products
9.4.5 Modified Solid Wood Products
9.4.5.1 Chemical Modification
9.4.5.2 Thermal Modification
9.4.6 Outlook
References
Chapter 9.5 Natural Rubber
Laurent Vaysse, Fre´de´ric Bonfils, Philippe Thaler and
Je´rôme Sainte-Beuve
9.5.1
9.5.2
9.5.3
9.5.4
9.5.5
9.5.6
9.5.7
Introduction
Challenges Facing the Supply Chain
Water and Carbon Budget of the Rubber Tree
9.5.3.1 Carbon and Water in Plants
9.5.3.2 Photosynthesis and Water in the Rubber
Tree
9.5.3.3 Tapping, Latex Yield and Carbon Budget
of the Rubber Tree
9.5.3.4 Tapping and Water Budget of the Rubber
Tree
Biosynthesis of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene)
9.5.4.1 Polyisoprenoids
9.5.4.2 Biosynthetic Pathway
9.5.4.3 Localization of Rubber Biosynthesis
9.5.4.4 Conclusion
Natural Rubber Structure
9.5.5.1 Introduction
9.5.5.2 Microstructure
9.5.5.3 Mesostructure
Non-isoprene Components of Natural Rubber
9.5.6.1 Non-isoprene in the Different
Compartments of Hevea brasiliensis
Latex
9.5.6.2 Non-isoprene Families
9.5.6.3 Conclusion
Specific Properties versus Synthetic Counterparts
9.5.7.1 Elasticity
9.5.7.2 Strain-induced Crystallization
9.5.7.3 Heat Build-up
9.5.7.4 Tack and Green Strength
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Contents
9.5.7.5 Vulcanization
9.5.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 9.6 Natural Fibres
Martin Möller and Crisan Popescu
9.6.1
9.6.2
9.6.3
Generalities
Demands and Restraints for Sustainable Fibres
Fibre Structure
9.6.3.1 Chemistry and Structure of the Cellulose
Fibres
9.6.3.2 Chemistry and Structure of the Protein
Fibres
9.6.4 Fibre Sourcing
9.6.4.1 Cotton
9.6.4.2 Bast Fibres (Flax, Hemp)
9.6.4.3 Animal Fibres
9.6.4.4 Silk
9.6.5 Summary of the Properties of Natural Fibres
9.6.6 Processing of Natural Fibres
9.6.6.1 Operations which Transform Fibres into
Fabric
9.6.6.2 The Cleaning Operations
9.6.6.3 Stabilizing the Dimensions
9.6.6.4 Coating and Infiltrating
9.6.6.5 Surface Treatments
9.6.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9.7 Plant-based Biologically Active Ingredients for Cosmetics
Charlotte d’Erceville, Florence Henry, Patrice Lago and
Andreas Rathjens
9.7.1
9.7.2
9.7.3
9.7.4
9.7.5
Introduction
Active Ingredients and their Functionality in
Cosmetic Applications
Plant-based Raw Materials
Sustainability Concept and Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR)
From the Botanical Raw Material Towards
the Final Product
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Contents
9.7.6
Sustainable Development and CSR for the
Supply of Natural Products Derived from the
Argan Tree
9.7.6.1 Targanine Network
9.7.6.2 Partnership Between EIG Targanine
and Cognis
9.7.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Sustainable Solutions – Green Solvents for Chemistry
Carles Este´vez
10.1
10.2
Introduction
The Design of Safer Chemicals and Solvent
Innovation
10.3 SOLVSAFE: A Roadmap for the Design and
Application of Safer Functional Organic
Solvents
10.3.1 Background and Sustainability Goals
10.3.2 Design Strategy
10.4 Industrial Application of SOLVSAFE Solvents:
Results and Perspectives
10.4.1 Fine Chemicals
10.4.2 Metal Degreasing
10.4.3 Paints and Varnishes
10.4.4 Crop Protection Formulations
10.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11 Sustainable Solutions for Adhesives and Sealants
Jürgen O. Wegner
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
Preface
Features and Requirements of Adhesives and
Sealants
Chemical Composition of Adhesives and
Sealants over Time
Ongoing Sustainability Evolution
Quality Features and Gaps with Natural-based
Adhesives and Sealants
Current Use of Renewable Raw Materials in
Adhesives and Sealants
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Contents
11.7
Major Use Areas for Adhesives Based on
Natural Resources
11.8 Outlook and Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 White Biotechnology
Thomas Haas, Manfred Kircher, Tim Köhler,
Günter Wich, Ulrich Schörken and Rainer Hagen
12.1
The Status of White or Industrial Biotechnology
12.1.1 Introduction
12.1.2 Relevant Market Segments
12.1.3 The Drivers of White Biotechnology
12.2 Recent Examples
12.2.1 Sphingolipids
12.2.2 L-Cysteine
12.2.3 Lipid Biotechnology
12.2.4 PLA (Polylactic Acid)
12.3 Outlook of White Biotechnology
References
Subject Index
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436
436
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449
449
457
462
466
472
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RSC PUBLICATIONS ORDER FORM
I wish to place the following book order:
Title
ISBN
Number
of copies
Price
Total
price
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Sub total
†Membership number ______________________________________________________________
Postage
Please add the postage and handling charge of £3.50 per item ordered, up to a maximum postage and handling charge of £14.00 per order.
Excludes subscription orders. For bulk orders please contact sales@rscdistribution.org
Total amount payable
PAYMENT DETAILS
Method of payment
I enclose a cheque made payable to Royal Society of Chemistry
All cheque payments should be in £ sterling drawn on a UK bank,
or $ US drawn on a US bank
Please send me a pre-payment invoice
Please charge my Visa/Mastercard/AmEx
Credit cards may be used for orders up to £2000
Account No. _________________________________________________________
Signature____________________________________________________________
Expiry date _________________________________________________________________________
Cardholder’s/invoice* address:
VAT
In certain circumstances we may be obliged to charge Value Added Tax (VAT) on
sales to other EU member countries. To avoid this, it is therefore essential to provide
us with your VAT number if you have one.
I am not registered for VAT
Date _____________________________
My VAT No. is _________________________
Signature __________________________________
POSTAGE
Please add the postage and handling charge of £3.50 per item ordered,
up to a maximum postage and handling charge of £14.00 per order.
Excludes subscription orders.
For bulk orders please contact sales@rscdistribution.org
Name ______________________________________________________________________________
Position ____________________________________________________________________________
PLEASE COMPLETE AND RETURN TO:
Organisation _______________________________________________________________________
RSC Distribution Services
c/o Portland Customer Services | Commerce Way
Colchester | CO2 8HP | UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1206 226050 | Fax: +44 (0) 1206 226055
Email: sales@rscdistribution.org | Web: www.rsc.org
Address ____________________________________________________________________________
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Post/zip code ______________________________________________________________________
Email _______________________________________________________________________________
Delivery address (if different):
RSC MEMBERS†
RSC members ordering for their own personal use are entitled to a discount on most
RSC publications. Please enter your membership number to receive a discount.
Name ______________________________________________________________________________
DATA PROTECTION
Position ____________________________________________________________________________
The RSC will store the information you supply on its electronic records in order that
information about its activities, products and services may be sent to you by mail,
telephone, email or fax.
Organisation _______________________________________________________________________
Address ____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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Post/zip code ______________________________________________________________________
Email _______________________________________________________________________________
* Please delete as applicable
If you DO NOT wish to receive information, please put a tick in the box
Registered Charity Number 207890