korneli kekeliZis saxelobis saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri KORNELI KEKELIDZE GEORGIAN NATIONAL CENTRE OF MANUSCRIPTS . Tbilisi TBILISI 2021 THE CAUCASUS BETWEEN EAST AND WEST, II Historical and Philological Studies in Honour of Zaza Aleksidze kavkasia aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris, II istoriul-filologiuri Ziebani miZRvna zaza aleqsiZis dabadebis 85 wlisTavisadmi redaqtori dali CitunaSvili sagamomcemlo jgufi nikoloz aleqsiZe xaTuna gafrindaSvili naTia dundua irma xositaSvili garekanis dizaini damkabadonebeli vladimer peraniZe TamTa janaSia Editor Dali Chitunashvili Editorial team Nikoloz Aleksidze Khatuna Gaprindashvili Natia Dundua Irma Khositashvili Book cover design Text layout Vladimer Peranidze Tamta Janashia ISBN 978-9941-9730-7-9 DOI:10.51364/26679604.jcpr.2021.v02 © korneli kekeliZis saxelobis saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, 2021 Sinaarsi JOST GIPPERT Preface ............................................................................................................................................ 11 nino afciauri, naTia CantlaZe, dali CitunaSvili zaza aleqsiZe – qristianuli kavkasiis istoriis didi mesaidumle ............. 14 zaza aleqsiZe – bibliografia ........................................................................................18 I. istoria, wyaroTmcodneoba, epigrafika History, Source study, Epigraphy zaza abaSiZe / ZAZA ABASHIDZE avtokefalia / Autocephaly ................................................................................................37 giorgi gagoSiZe / GIORGI GAGOSHIDZE daviT aRmaSeneblis droindeli warwerebi samSvildis darbazul eklesiaze / Inscriptions of the Period of David the Builder on the Hall Church of Samshvilde .........................................................................................46 GÉRARD DÉDÉYAN La coopération arméno-géorgienne à l’époque de l’Empire mongol, sous le regard de Grigor d’Akner ..........................................................................................68 darejan kldiaSvili, maia diasamiZe / DAREJAN KLDIASHVILI, MAIA DIASAMIDZE 1668 wlis 4 ianvris didi miwisZvra samxreT kavkasiaSi / 1668 January 4 Large Earthquake in the South Caucasus....................................................79 JEAN-PIERRE MAHÉ La liste des rois païens dans la Conversion du Kartli: Originalité et cohérence rédactionnelle ....................................................................................... 106 naTia CantlaZe / NATIA CHANTLADZE Zveli somxuri werilobiTi wyaroebi petre iberis Sesaxeb / Old Armenian literary sources on Peter the Iberian ..............................................................118 giorgi WeiSvili / GIORGI TCHEISHVILI giorgi da aravesi (narkvevi qvemo qarTlis istoriuli geografiidan) / Georg and Arewes: Studies in Historical Geography of Kvemo (Lower) Kartli................. 132 II. filologia Philology enriko gabiZaSvili / ENRIKO GABIDZASHVILI qarTuli metafrastika bizantiuri hagiografiis istoriis fonze / Georgian Metaphraseis in light of the history of Byzantine Hagiography...........................141 7 xaTuna gafrindaSvili / KHATUNA GAPRINDASHVILI ioane bolnelis homiliaTa Semcveli ucnobi palimfsesturi xelnaweri (H-1816a) / An Unknown Palimpsest Containing the Homilies of Ioane Bolneli (H-1816a) .....................................................................................................162 JOST GIPPERT Old Georgian barsabon-i .............................................................................................................. 179 maia maWavariani / MAIA MATCHAVARIANI masalebi wmindanTa xsenebebis kalendrebis istoriisaTvis / Materials for the History of the Calendars of the Saints’ Feast Days ................................197 nino meliqiSvili / NINO MELIKISHVILI wm. andria kritelis RvTismSoblis micvalebisadmi miZRvnili sami homiliis wm. efTvime aToneliseuli Targmani da misi struqtura berZnul wyarosTan mimarTebiT / St Euthymios the Athonite’s Translations of Three Homilies by St Andrew of Crete on the Dormition of the Mother of God and its Structure in Relation to the Greek Source ................................................................221 maia rafava / MAIA RAPHAVA qarTul-somxuri literaturuli urTierTobani XVIII saukuneSi / Georgian-Armenian literary relations in the 18th century.......................................................246 FR. CHARLES RENOUX Le Lectionnaire Géorgien palimpsest N/Sin.georg. 55 (Xe-XIe s.): Une Visée Christologique ............................................................................................................. 257 Tamar oTxmezuri / THAMAR OTKHMEZURI „rameTu berZulad esreT ars“: qarTuli xelnaweri wignis elinizacia, XI-XII saukuneebi / “As it is in Greek”: Hellenization of Georgian Manuscript: 11th-12th cc .................................................................................................................................... 270 mzia surgulaZe / MZIA SURGULADZE aToneli mamebis „cxovrebebi“ / The ‘Lives’ of the Athonite Fathers ....................... 286 bernar utie / BERNARD OUTTIER sinur xelnawerebSi daculi efrem asuris erTi Txzulebis Targmani da qarTuli enis istoria / The Georgian Translations of Ephrem the Syrian’s One Work Preserved in the Sinaitic MSS and the History of the Georgian Language ...................................................................................................................297 lela SaTiriSvili / LELA SHATIRISHVILI cnobebi adamianis janmrTelobisa da daavadebaTa mkurnalobis Sesaxeb Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT / Notices about human health and treatment of diseases according to the Old Testament...........................................................................310 dali CitunaSvili / DALI CHITUNASHVILI xanmeti oTxTavis ucnobi xelnaweri / The Unknown Manuscript of the Khanmeti Gospels ..............................................................................................................320 8 nestan CxikvaZe / NESTAN CHKHIKVADZE zogierTi SeniSvna krebul mravalTavis Sesaxeb / Some Comments on the Mravaltavi Collection ...............................................................................................................334 III. Sua saukuneebis samonastro centrebi Medieval Monastic Centres BOGHOS LEVON ZEKIYAN PILGRIMAGE AS A SIGN OF COMMUNION With a particular regard to the tradition of the early Armenian Church.............................. 349 CLAUDIA RAPP A "Chrysobull" of Justinian for Saint Catherine’s Monastery (Sin. gr. 1889) in the Light of Connections between the Sinai and Constantinople in the 16th Century ............................................................................................. 365 IV. filosofia, Teologia Philosophy and Theology LELA ALEKSIDZE Are we, as actors on the stage, still free? Plotinus’ Ennead on the Providence III 2 (47) ........................................................................ 378 zurab kiknaZe / ZURAB KIKNADZE kumranis baptisma / Qumran Baptism ..............................................................................391 V. armenologia Armenian Studies S. PETER COWE “Sisianos Sebastac‘i’s Encomium on the Forty Martyrs of Sebastē” ..................................... 404 TINATIN EVDOSHVILI A Newly found fragment of ancient Armenian Manuscript .................................................... 434 THEO MAARTEN VAN LINT A Matean Ołbergut‘ean by Grigor Tłay. On the Reception of the Narek in Cilicia .......... 445 ALESSANDRO ORENGO Eznik Kołbacci entre Orient et occident.................................................................................. 472 MICHAEL E. STONE Sadayēl’s Fall from Heaven ........................................................................................................ 486 AVI. xelovnebaTmcodneoba Art History qeTevan asaTiani / KETEVAN ASATIANI laxamulis oTxTavi / The Lakhamuli Gospel.................................................................497 darejan gogaSvili, dali CitunaSvili / 9 DAREJAN GOGASHVILI, DALI CHITUNASHVILI kalkosis saxareba / The Kalkosi Gospel ........................................................................508 zaza sxirtlaZe, giorgi bagrationi / ZAZA SKHIRTLADZE, GIORGI BAGRATIONI farnakis cixis eklesia / The Church of the Parnaki Fortress ...........................................521 VII. sazogadoebaTmcodneoba Social Sciences roin metreveli / ROIN METREVELI aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis dapirispirebis erTi sakiTxi / One Issue of Confrontation Between the East and West ......................................................545 vladimer papava / VLADIMER PAPAVA `centraluri kavkasiidan~ – `centralur kavkaziamde~ / From the “Central Caucasusˮ to the “Central Caucaso-Asia”...............................................560 10 giorgi WeiSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti giorgi da aravesi (narkvevi qvemo qarTlis istoriuli geografiidan) IX saukunis dasasruls arabTa xalifam Seryeuli poziciebis gansamtkiceblad CrdiloeT iransa (azerbaijanSi) da kavkasiaSi saxelganTqmuli sardali muhamed ibn abil-saji gamogzavna. 893 w. muhamedma maraga daimorCila, iqidan ki bardavSi gadavida. azerbaijanisa da arminiis axalma mmarTvelma al-afSinis samefo wodebuleba miiRo da sakuTari monetac moWra, magram xalifas morCilebidan gamosvla ver gabeda da mzardi ambiciebis dakmayofileba kavkasiis samefo-samTavroebis mooxrebiT scada.1 muhamed afSinis laSqrobebi sakmaod dawvrilebiTaa aRwerili somxur wyaroebSi. sajianTa erT-erTi Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb `alvanTa qveynis istoriaSi~ Semdegia naTqvami: `am welsave somexTa qveyanaSi meored movida taWiki... rodesac man somexTa qveyanas miaRwia, mefe smbatma maSinve Tavs gaqceviT uSvela, xolo iman simagreebi aiRo, dedofali qalbatonebiTurT da maTi Svilebi tyved igdo; wignebi, wminda nivTebi, jvrebi da mravali ganZeuli miitaca. imave wels Tavs daesxa qarTvelTa qveyanas. mis winaaRmdeg gamovida ori mamaci qarTveli mxedarTmTavari giorgi da misi Zma aravesi. orive wamebiT daxoca~.2 afSinis Semosevebze, `gugarelTa da qarTvelTa mxareebis~ damorCilebis uSedego mcdelobaze, sumbat I-is ojaxis Sepyrobaze, somxeTis mefesTan dazavebaze, giorgisa da aravesis tyved gdebasa da mowamebriv aRsasrulze vrclad ioane drasxanakertelic mogviTxrobs.3 somexTa kaTalikosi, movses kalankatuacisa Tu misi gamgrZeleblisgan gansxvavebiT, giorgis da arevess ara qarTvel mTavrebad, aramed sevordiel naxapetebad moixseniebs.4 1 Madelung, Dynasties, p. 228-229. movses kalankatuaci, istoria, davlianiZe-tatiSvili, gv. 164. 3 ioane drasxanakerteli, istoria, cagareiSvili, gv. 81-96. 4 iqve, gv. 93. 2 132 mkvlevrebi Tanxmdebian, rom orive mematianesTan erTsa da imave pirebzea saubari;1 Tumca maTi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb arsebuli versiebis gansxvavebaze yuradRebas aRar amaxvileben. samecniero literaturaSi somx. sevordiqs arabuli da bizantiuri wyaroebis Sâwardiyah-Tan da Σάβαρτοί ἄσφαλοί-Tan aigiveben da es eTnonimi xan sabirebis, xan *Savard-ebis (ungrelebi an maTi monaTesave tomi) satomo saxelisgan gamohyavT.2 somxuri saistorio tradiciis Tanaxmad ki sevordielebs saxeli maTi winapris, sevisa Tu sevukisgan SeerqvaT.3 anTroponimis gavrceleba eTnikur jgufze savsebiT SesaZlebelia. dasaSvebia, agreTve, sevordielebis kavSiri arabul tomebTan, rogorc es Tovma mewofecis anonim gamgrZelebels hqonda warmodgenili (`agariani sevordiqebi~).4 X s-is SuaxanebisTvis sevordielebi Tu maTi zedafena armenizirebulia – al-masudi maT somxebis ganStoebad miiCnevs,5 xolo konstantine porfirogeneti `servotielTa, anu egreT wodebuli Savi yrmebis~ erisTavebs somex arqontebTan erTad asaxelebs (Tumca ar ambobs, rom maTi qveyana armeniaSia).6 masudisa da `jami al-duvalis~ cnobaTa mixedviT, X s-is SuaxanebisTvis sevordielebi Tbilisisa da ganjis saamiroebs Soris cxovrobdnen.7 sevordielebis samxreT kavkasiaSi mosvlas al-balazuri VIII s-is II nax. aTariRebs: arabTa gamoCenis droidan, ambobs istorikosi, Samqori ayvavebuli qalaqi iyo, sanam savordi¡ebma ar daangries. mas Semdeg, rac iazid ibn usa¡dma8 arminia datova, isini sxvadasxva mxridan Seikribnen, Marquart, Streifzüge, S. 427-428; Movsēs Dasxuranci, History, Dowsett, p. 223, n. 1; Иованнес Драсханакертци, История, Дарбинян-Меликян, с. 245, прим. 9. 2 Артамонов, История хазар, с. 178, 442, 467-468; Marquart, Streifzüge, S. 36-40; Golden, Introduction, p. 105; Golden, Sabir, p. 52; Erdal, Khazar Language, p. 101. 3 ioane drasxanakerteli, istoria, cagareiSvili, gv. 24, 93. `sevuki~ somxur onomastikonSi ukve V s-dan gvxvdeba: anZevacis mTavari sevuki, sevukis baRi (Łazar Pʽarpecʽi, History, Thomson, p. 183, 260; Աճառյան ՀԱԲ, IV, էջ. 485; Thomas Artsruni, History, Thomson, p. 251, n. 2); X s-Si cnobilia sevukis cixe (Stepʻanos Tarōnecʻi, History, Greenwood, p. 244). 4 Thomas Artsruni, History, Thomson, p. 351, Sdr. iqve, gv. 251, n. 2. anonimis Cvenebas albalazuris Semdegi cnoba exmianeba: `dapyrobaTa wignis~ erT-erTi monakveTi asea dasaTaurebuli: `saintereso adgilebi da pirebi, visganac saxeli ewodaT~; iq, kerZod, naTqvamia: `as-savadi¡a al-kufaSi, [iwodeba] savad ibn-zaid ibn-adis... mixedviT~ (Hitti, Origins, p. 443). arabul mwerlobaSi savad baRdadis dasavleTiT da samxreTiT mdebare aluviur dablobs ewodeboda; farTo mniSvnelobiT ki samxreT mesopotamias, al-iraks aRniSnavda (Le Strange, Baghdad, p. 48; Le Strange, Caliphate, p. 24). 5 Minorsky, History, pp. 164-165. 6 konstantine porfirogeneti, De Caerimoniis, yauxCiSvili, gv. 291. 7 Minorsky, History, pp. 164-165; Minorsky, Studies, p. 13. 8 abasianebTan daaxloebuli sardali. dawinaurda xalifa al-mansuris dros. saistorio wyaroebSi misi xseneba 779 w. Semdeg qreba. 1 133 gaZlierdnen da avazakobas mihyves xeli.1 moyvanil fragmentSi dasaxelebulia sevordielTa `Tavdapirveli gansaxlebis~ arealic (Samqori) da miniSnebulia maTi (naxevrad)nomaduri bunebac. ioane drasxanakertelis mixedviT, sevordielebs utiis gavari ekavaT (`utiis gavarSi ... [buRam – g.W.] Seipyro stefanosi, romelsac ... Tavisi winapris sevukis gamo sevordielTa naTesavs eZaxdnen~, `utiis gavaris mcxovreb – sevordielebisa~).2 adre Sua saukuneebis somxur mwerlobaSi utiqi ori mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda: viwro mniSvnelobiT is partavis (arab. bardavis) qveyanas moicavda da sakuTriv utiqis (utiq aranZnak) saxels atarebda, xolo farTo mniSvnelobiT utiqis nahangs ewodeboda da mtkvris samxreTiT gadaWimul sakmaod vrcel miwa-wyals faravda; `aSxaracuicis~ mokle redaqciis mixedviT, utiqis nahangSi Sedioda Semdegi gavarebi: aranroti, tri, rotpaceani, aRue, tuCqataki, gardmani, SakaSeni, sakuTriv utiqi.3 ioane drasxanakertelis TxzulebaSi daculi cnobebis analizi cxadyofs, rom `utiis gavari~ arc sakuTriv utiqis tolfasi terminia da arc, miT ufro, – utiqis nahangis; is gacilebiT dasavleTiT mdebareobda. aSot I-is (885-890) dapyrobebze rom saubrobs, somexTa kaTalikosi aRniSnavs: `[Semdeg ki daeufla] utiis gavars qalaq hunarakertamdis, tusamdisa da Samqoramdis~.4 imave istorikoss sof. tusi utiis gavarSi eguleba. tuss, Cveulebriv, tavuSTan aigiveben.5 lokalizacia, SesaZloa, sworia (orive utiqSi mdebareobs), Tumca asaxsnelia, ratom asxvavebs maT erTmaneTisgan ioane drasxanakerteli: `somxeTis istoriaSi~ orive toponimia dasaxelebuli: tusi sofelia, tavuSi – xeoba da Tanamosaxele cixe (tavuSis xeobis centri), utiis gavaris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani simagre.6 tusisa da tavuSis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi rogorc ar unda gadawydes, is mainc udavoa, rom utiis gavaris sazRvrebi dasavleTiT tavuSis xeobas moicavda, aRmosavleTiT Samqoris qveynamde vrceldeboda, xolo CrdiloeTiT xunanis (hunarakertis) `Sesavlamde~ aRwevda.7 imavdroulad, utiqi dasavleTiT gavrcelebis tendenciasac amJRavnebda. `aSot mefes (914-929 – g.W.) – wers ioane drasxanakerteli – samwuxaro ambavi mouvida utiis gavaridan. mas uambes misi simamris Баладзори, Книга завоевания, Жузе, с. 14. ioane drasxanakerteli, istoria, cagareiSvili, gv. 24, 132. 3 Ananias of Širak, Ašxarhac’oyc’; Hewsen, p. 65A. CamoTvlili lokalizaciisTvis ix. iqve, gv. 67, 260-263; Երեմյան, Աշխարհացոյց, էջ. 86. 4 ioane drasxanakerteli, istoria, cagareiSvili, gv. 64. 5 Երեմյան, Աշխարհացոյց, էջ. 86. 6 ioane drasxanakerteli, istoria, cagareiSvili, gv. 244, 256. 7 Sdr. Hewsen, Atlas, p. 119, map 95. 1 2 134 gavarebis sahak mTavris utiis gavarSi gadmosvlisa da im simagreebis gaZarcvisa da mitacebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Zorofors iyo~.1 citirebuli fragmentidan, vfiqrobT, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom avtors Zoroforic utis nawilad warmoedgina. antikur xanasa da adre Sua saukuneebSi tavuSis xeoba da Zorofori qarTlis samefos xunanis saerisTavos, igive gardabnis provincias, qmnida.2 rodis daiwyo gardabanze utiqis saxelis gavrceleba, amis Tqma Znelia. utiqis nahangis tuCqatakis gavari Tu marTlac tus-kustakis Seryvnili formaa,3 maSin am procesis dasawyisi ukve VII-VIII ss-dan unda vivaraudoT.4 gardabnis mosaxleoba narevi – qarTul-somxur-albanuri – iyo da iq kulturul-politikuri gankerZoebis tendenciebi VI-VII ss-Si TvalnaTliv SeiniSneba. mosaxleobis eTnokonfesiuri siWrele gavlenas axdenda Sidateritoriul evoluciazec da sazRvrebis cvalebadobazec.5 VIII s-is miwurulidan vidre X s-is I mesamedamde gardabnis // xunanis saerisTavos erTmaneTs ecilebodnen Tbilisis amirebi, kaxTa qorepiskoposebi, somexTa mefeebi, albaneli mTavrebi.6 gansakuTrebiT saintereso viTareba Seiqmna IX-X ss-isA mijnaze, rodesac gardabanSi erTdroulad kaxi da albaneli mTavrebis da somxeTis mefeebis mflobeloba dasturdeba.7 1 ioane drasxanakerteli, istoria, cagareiSvili, gv. 242. musxeliSvili, sakiTxebi, I, gv. 148, 153-159; musxeliSvili, sakiTxebi, II, gv. 38-39. 3 Երեմյան, Աշխարհացոյց, էջ. 86; Ananias of Širak, Ašxarhac’oyc’, Hewsen, p. 262, n. 170A. 4 daskvna gamomdinareobs ori garemoebidan: 1) al-balazuris cnobebidan, romelTa analizi gardabnis provinciis, ukeT, misi calkeuli kantonebis qarTlis saerismTavrosadmi kuTvnilebas cxadyofs 650-iani wlebisaTvis (musxeliSvili, sakiTxebi, II, gv. 28-29, 38-45); 2) `aSxaracuicis~ vrceli (sadac utiqis aRwera ar gvxvdeba) da mokle redaqciebis daTariRebisa da urTierTmimarTebidan. mkvlevarTa didi nawili miiCnevs, rom Tavdapirvelad vrceli redaqcia Seiqmna da mis avtorobas anania Sirakacis (†685) miawers; imave TvalsazrisiT, Zeglis mokle redaqcia originalis mizanmimarTuli redaqtirebaa Tanadrouli viTarebis asaxvis mizniT (Ananias of Širak, Ašxarhac’oyc’, Hewsen, pp. 7-35). `aSxaracuicis~ somxuri teqstis ukanasknel kritikul gamocemaSi Zegli V s-iT aris daTariRebuli, xolo mis avtorad movses xorenacia gamocxadebuli (ix. Խորենացի, Աշխարհացոյց, էջ. 21232192). 5 Narratio, Mahe, p. 435; arsen safareli, ganyofisaT¢s, aleqsiZe, gv. 92; aleqsiZe, kavkasia, I, gv. 150-151; berZeniSvili, narkvevebi, gv. 104-105; musxeliSvili, sakiTxebi, II, gv. 39-40. 6 musxeliSvili, atlasi, gv. VI-VII. 7 ioane drasxanakerteli gardabans, iseve rogorc mTel qvemo qarTls, somexi bagratunebis samflobelod acxadebs, Tumca verc imas malavs, rom gugareTi da utiis gavari xSirad gamodiodnen maTi morCilebidan. `somxeTis istoriaSi~ imazecaa miniSneba, rom kaxeTis samTavro utiis gavaris mosazRvred Tu maxloblad mdebareobda da qarTvel mTavars iq Tavisi interesebi hqonda (gv. 232-233). kaxeTis qorepiskoposTa suverenuli ufleba gardabnelebze `matiane 2 135 amrigad, ioane drasxanakertelis Txzulebidan gamomdinareobs Semdegi: 1) IX saukunisTvis sevordielebi utiqSi saxloben; 2) istoriul-geografiuli qveyana utiis gavari gacilebiT ufro dasavleTiT aris gadmonacvlebuli, vidre istoriuli uti-aranZnaki; 3) es axali utiqi qarTuli gardabnis provinciiT Tu misi nawiliT ifargleba. ioane drasxanakertelis cnobebs vardanis saistorio Txzulebac exmianeba. ioane kaTalikosis msgavsad vardanic aRniSnavs, rom sevordiel mTavarTa gvari sevukisgan warmomavlobda da ukve 850-iani wlebisTvis es saxli utiqs ganagebda.1 dasaxelebuli ori avtori imazec Tanxmdeba, rom sevodielebs tavuSis mxare epyraT – ioane-smbatisaTvis (1020-1041) naanderZev samflobeloebs Soris vardani asaxelebs `tavuSs – sevordielTa gavars~.2 `msoflio istoriis~ sxva CvenebiT `sevordielebis~ Zoroforisa (md. aRstafis) da Zorogetis (debedas) xeobebze gavrceleba dasturdeba. taSir-Zoragetis samefos damaarsebelma, gurgenma, ambobs vardani, sxva miwebTan erTad `memkvidreobad miiRo taSiri sevordiT, Zorogeti...~.3 somxuri teqstis զՏաշիր Սևորդւովքն Ձորոյգետին, SeiZleba, aseve, gavigoT, rogorc `taSiri Zorogetis sevordiqiT~.4 amgvar gaazrebas mxars uWers vardanis `geografia~: iq pirdapir aris naTqvami, rom sevordielTa mxare Zorogetia, sadac axpatisa da sanainis monastrebia aRmarTuli.5 `sevordiqi~ `Zorogetis~ sinonimad somxur qronografiebSic gvxvdeba.6 vardanis TxzulebebSi dadasturebuli istoriul-geografiuli evolucia rom ara XIII s-is, aramed gacilebiT adrindeli viTarebis asaxvaa, amas asolikis `msoflio istoria~ mowmobs. dasaxelebuli qarTlisas~ cnobebiT mtkicdeba (qarTlis cxovreba, I, yauxCiSvili, gv. 257, 259), stefanos orbelianis saintereso CvenebiT ki albaneli mTavari sahaki Zorogetisa da gardmanis mTavrad iwodeboda (Stéphannos Orbélian, Histoire, Brosset, p. 119). 1 vardanis `istoriis~ es fragmenti moskovis 1861 w. (զՍտեփաննոս Կոնն – որ ‘ի նախնւոյն իւրմէ Սեւկոյ՝ որդիք ազգն անւանին, gv. 110) da veneciis 1862 w. (զՍտեփանոս Կոնն, որ ‘ի նախնոյն իւրմէ Սեւկոյ՝ Սեւորդիք ազգն անուանին, gv. 81) gamocemebSi mcired sxvaobs, Sesabamisad, gansxvavdeba inglisuri (romelic mTlianad veneciis gamocemazea damyarebuli) da qarTuli (romelic am SemTxvevaSi moskovis gamocemas misdevs) Targmanebic; Vardan, Historical Compilation, Thomson, p. 184; vardani, istoria, SoSiaSvili-kvaWantiraZe, gv. 106. cnoba sevordielebis sevukisgan warmomavlobis Sesaxeb mxolod am or istorikosTan dasturdeba (Vardan, Historical Compilation, Thomson, p. 135). 2 ase esmis r. tomsons somxuri teqstis զՏաւուշ գաւառն Սեւորդեաց (Vardan, Historical Compilation, Thomson, p. 190). sxva TargmanebSi (emini, SoSiaSvili-kvaWantiraZe) tavuSi da sevordielTa gavari damoukidebeli provinciebia. 3 vardani, istoria, SoSiaSvili-kvaWantiraZe, gv. 115. 4 Vardan, Historical Compilation, Thomson, p. 189. 5 Վարդան, Աշխարհացոյց, Պէրպէրեան, էջ. 34-35. 6 Սամուէլ Անեցի եւ շարունակողներ, Ժամանակագրութիւն, Մաթեվոսյան, էջ. 175. 136 nawarmoebidan vigebT, rom aSot gulmowyalis mefobisas (952-977) `sevordielTa qveyanaSi aigo monastrebi, meudabnoeTa savaneebi ... axpati da sanaini~.1 kargad Cans, rom X s-is dasasrulisTvis sevordiqi eTnonimidan xoronimad aris qceuli, xolo misi sazRvrebi aRstafa-debedas xeobebis xarjzea gafarToebuli. `somexTa meore ieriSi ... saqarTvelos samxreTi sazRvrebis gadmosalaxavad da qvemo qarTlis ... dasapyrobad~ IX s-is bolodan iwyeba,2 mas Semdeg, rac guaram mamfalma `aboci ganuyo colis Zmasa T¢ssa somexTA mefesa~.3 amasTan dakavSirebiT iv. javaxiSvili werda: `amis wyalobiT somexTa mefeebs qvemo qarTlis nawilis zogierTi adgilebi Caugdia xelSi, sxvaTa Soris taSiri... am gaerTianebas aSot bagratuni eseoden did mniSvnelobas aZlevda, rom mas Tavis TavisaTvis somexTa da qarTvelTa erisTavT-erisTavis saxelwodeba miukuTvnebia... aqeTgan cxadia, rom gugareTi masac qarTlad da qarTvelTa miwawylad miaCnda da swored am qarTvelTa qveynis dapatronebis ZaliT man Tavis Tavs qarTvelTa erisTavT-erisTavi daarqva~.4 somxur wyaroebze dakvirveba mTlianad uWers mxars didi istorikosis am daskvnas – somxeTis mmarTveli wreebi da ideologebi gugarqs gardabaniTurT qarTlad, qarTvelTa miwa-wylad miiCnevdnen. mxiTar airivaneci pirdapir ambobs: `981 w. am dros daiwyo bagratunianTa (kvirikianTa – g.W.) mefoba qarTvelebze. rameTu gurgeni gamefda saqarTveloSi~.5 am istoriul-geografiuli eqskursis Semdeg, vfiqrobT, SeiZleba, pasuxi gaeces kiTxvas: vin iyvnen giorgi da aravesi – sevordielebi Tu qarTvelebi? isini axal utiqSi damkvidrebuli sevordieli mTavrebis saxls ekuTvnodnen. maTi samflobeloebi qarTvelTa miwa-wyalze, qvemo qarTlSi (gardabani? taSiri?) mdebareobda, amitomac `alvanTa qveynis istoriis~ avtorma Tu misma wyarom georgi da aravesi qarTvelebad gamoacxada, maTi qveyana ki – qarTlad. Stepʻanos Tarōnecʻi, History, Greenwood, p. 232. javaxiSvili, sazRvrebi, gv. 19-20. 3 qarTlis cxovreba, I, yauxCiSvili, gv. 257. 4 javaxiSvili, iqve. 5 mxiTar airivaneci, qronografia, davlianiZe, gv. 74; berZeniSvili, narkvevebi, gv. 72; musxeliSvili, atlasi, gv. VII. 1 2 137 damowmebuli literatura aleqsiZe, kavkasia, I = aleqsiZe z., qristianuli kavkasia, I, Tbilisi, 2010. arsen safareli, ganyofisaT¢s, aleqsiZe = arsen safareli, ganyofisaT¢s qarTvelTa da somexTa, z. aleqsiZis gamocema, Tbilisi, 1980. berZeniSvili, narkvevebi = berZeniSvili d., narkvevebi saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiidan, qvemo qarTli, nakv., I, Tbilisi, 1979. vardani, istoria, SoSiaSvili-kvaWantiraZe = vardan arevelci, msoflio istoria, n. SoSiaSvilis da e. kvaWantiraZis gamocema, Tbilisi, 2002. ioane drasxanakerteli, istoria, cagareiSvili = ioane drasxanakerteli, somxeTis istoria, e. cagareiSvilis gamocema, Tbilisi, 1965. konstantine porfirogeneti, De Caerimoniis, yauxCiSvili = konstantine porfirogeneti, De Caerimoniis, georgika, bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, IV2, s. yauxCiSvilis gamocema, Tbilisi, 1952, gv. 290-295. movses kalankatuaci, istoria, davlianiZe-tatiSvili = movses kalankatuaci, alvanTa qveynis istoria, l. davlianiZe-tatiSvilis gamocema, Tbilisi, 1985. musxeliSvili, atlasi = saqarTvelos istoriis atlasi, meore gamocema, mTavari redaqtori d. musxeliSvili, Tbilisi, 2016. musxeliSvili, sakiTxebi = musxeliSvili d., saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, I, Tbilisi, 1977, II, Tbilisi, 1980. mxiTar airivaneci, qronografia, davlianiZe = mxiTar airivaneci, qronografiuli istoria, l. davlianiZis gamocema, Tbilisi, 1990. qarTlis cxovreba, I, yauxCiSvili = qarTlis cxovreba, I, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, Tbilisi, 1955. javaxiSvili, sazRvrebi = javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos sazRvrebi, tfilisi, 1919. Ananias of Širak, Ašxarhac’oyc’, Hewsen = The Goegraphy of Ananias of Širak (Ašxarhac’oyc’), The Long and Short Recensions, Introduction, Translation and Commentary by R. Hewsen, Wiesbaden, 1992. Erdal, Khazar Language = Erdal M., The Khazar Language, in P. B. Golden – H. Ben-Shammai – A. Róna-Tas (eds.), The World of the Khazars, Leiden – Boston, 2007, pp. 75-108. Golden, Introduction = Golden P.B., An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples, Wiesbaden, 1992. Golden, Sabir = Golden P. B., Some Notes on the Etymology of Sabir, А. Синицын – М. Холод (ред.), ΚΟΙΝΟ ΔΩΡΟΝ, Исследования и эссе в честь 60-летнего юбилея В. П. Никонорова, Санкт-Петербург, 2013, с. 49-55. Hewsen, Atlas = Hewsen R. H., Armenia: A Historical Atlas, Chicago-London, 2001. Hitti, Origins = Hitti Ph., The Origins of the Islamic State, Vol. 1, New York, 1916. Łazar Pʽarpecʽi, History, Thomson = The History of Łazar Pʽarpecʽi. Translated by R. W. Thomson, Atlanta, 1991. 138 Le Strange, Baghdad = Le Strange G., Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate, Oxford, 1924. Le Strange, Caliphate = Le Strange G., The Lands of Eastern Caliphate, Cambridge, 1930. Madelung, Dynasties = Madelung W., The Minor Dynasties in Northern Iran, in R. N. Frye (ed.), The Cambridge Histrory of Iran, Vol. 4, Cambridge, 2007, pp. 198-249. Marquart, Streifzüge = Marquart J., Osteuropäische und ostasiatische Streifzüge, Leipzig, 1903. Minorsky, History = Minorsky V., A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries, Cambridge, 1958. Minorsky, Studies = Minorsky V., Studies in Caucasian History, London, 1953. Movsēs Dasxuranci, History, Dowsett = The History of Caucasian Albanians by Movsēs Dasxuranci, Translated by C. J. F. Dowsett, London-New York-Toronto, 1961. Narratio, Mahe = La Narratio de rebus Armeniae, Traduction française par J.-P. Mahe, REArm, 25, 1994-1995, p. 429-438. Stéphannos Orbélian, Histoire, Brosset = Stéphannos Orbélian, Histoire de la Siounie, Traduite de l’armenien par M. Brosset, Saint-Pétersbourg, 1864. Stepʻanos Tarōnecʻi, History, Greenwood = The Universal History of Stepʻanos Tarōnecʻi, Introduction, Translation and Commentary T. Greenwood, Oxford, 2017. Thomas Artsruni, History, Thomson = Thomas Artsruni, History of the House of the Artsrunikʽ, Translation and Commentary by Robert W. Thomson, Detroit, 1985. Vardan, Historical Compilation, Thomson = Thomson R. W., The Historical Compilation of Vardan Arewelcʿi, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 43, 1989, pp. 125-226. Артамонов, История хазар = Артамонов М., История хазар, Санкт-Петербург, 2001. Баладзори, Книга завоевания, Жузе = Баладзори, Книга завоевания стран. Текст и перевод П. Жузе, Баку, 1927. Иованнес Драсханакертци, История, Дарбинян-Меликян = Иованнес Драсханакертци, История Армении, издание М. О. Дарбинян-Меликян, Москва, 2011. Աճառյան ՀԱԲ, IV = Աճառյան Հ., Հայոց անձնանունների բառարան, IV, Երեվանб 1948. Երեմյան, Աշխարհացոյց = Երեմյան Ս., Հայաստանը ըստ «Աշխարհացոյց»-ի, Երևան, 1963. Խորենացի, Աշխարհացոյց = Խորենացի, Աշխարհացոյց, Մատենագիրք Հայոց, I, Ե դար, Անթիլիսա-Լիբանան, 2003. Սամուէլ Անեցի եւ շարունակողներ, Ժամանակագրութիւն, Մաթեվոսյան = Սամուէլ Անեցի եւ շարունակողներ, Ժամանակագրութիւն, Ադամից մինչեւ 1776. Աշխատասիրությամբ Կ. Մաթեվոսյանի, Երեվան, 2014. Վարդան, Աշխարացոյց, Պէրպէրեան = Աշխարացոյց Վարդանայ Վարդապետի, քննական հրատարակութիւն Հ. Պէրպէրեանի, Բարիզ, 1960. 139 Giorgi Tcheishvili Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Institute of History and Ethnology GEORG AND AREWES: STUDIES IN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF KVEMO (LOWER) KARTLI Summary At the end of the 9th c. the Sajids carried out several raids in Transcaucasia. According to Movses Kalankatuaci or his continuator, in 899 the Sajids raided Kartli (Iberia), and seized two “brave Georgian/Iberian generals, prince Georg and his brother Arewes”. Yovhannes Catholicos described the two brothers as Sewordi princes. What was their identity? Were they Georgian or Sewordik? Analysis of the Armenian historical texts demonstrates that 1) the Sewordik’ clan held the Utik province; 2) in the 9th-10th centuries Utik was centered not at Partav-Barda, but at the fortress of Tavush; 3) the province of Utik // the land of Sewordians comprised the valleys of the Tavush, the Aghstev (Dzoropor), and the Debeda (Dzoroyget). These three areas were parts of the Georgian province of Kvemo Kartli (Arm. Gugark). Because of mixed – Ibero-Armeno-Albanian – population the Kvemo Kartli region was a bone of contention among the Caucasian dynasts. By the end of the 9th c. the Bagratuni kings of Armenia gained the upper hand and spread their suzerainty over the whole region, including Tashiri (the Debeda valley) and Gardabani (the Aghstev and the Tavush valleys). However, the Armenian ruling elite and intellectuals viwed these conquered territories as Georgian/Iberian lands - the fact reflected in the Bagratuni title (prince of princes/king of kings of Armenia and Iberia), the place (Virk, i.e. Iberia, Vratc-dasht, i.e. Iberian/Georgian valley) and the ethnic (vratc, i.e. Iberian/Georgian) names applied to Kvemo Kartli and its local population. The historico-geographical examination of the problem explains the discrepancy in the narratives of Movses Kalankatuaci and Yovhannes Catholicos: Georg and Arewes were Sewordi princes; because their domains were situated in Kvemo Kartli, they were described as Georgian/Iberian princes by certain Armenian writers. 140