Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering

Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering Robert Hack Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. What is Geodata? All location dependent data from: • Surface, and • Subsurface 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 2 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Surface data: • • • • • • • Civil engineering Topography Climate Vegetation Land use Erosion models Etc. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 3 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Subsurface data • Properties of materials • Material boundaries • Subsurface processes 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 4 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Geodata In short all data that describe the surface and the subsurface of the earth and all processes that have been or are still active to form the materials of the earth. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 5 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Geodata in the past 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 6 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Past: No design other than the design of the construction based on expertise of the master builder 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 7 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Past: Underground excavations 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 8 The catacombs and burial sites in an urban environment: catacombs of Rome (built by trial and error) Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Popes-Catacomb in Rome (photo David MacDonald, http://www.davidmacd.com/images/pope_catacomb.jpg) 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 9 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Past: Most underground excavations for mining •photo: http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/08/28/2017353.htm 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 10 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Past: However, mining often provided the chance to gain experience and expertise in •Ground behaviour, and •Interaction structure – ground (However – many never used the expertise because they were killed) 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 11 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Past: Expertise of the miners is a keystone for the development of underground excavations for civil engineering 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 12 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Also today, I would advice every engineering geologist and geotechnical engineer to work for some time in a mining environment to obtain a decent knowledge on the behaviour of soil and rock masses Because it is the only place where structures are built with a safety factor of just 1, and which are also intended and allowed to fail over a short time span 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 13 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Past: • Construction by trial and error • No idea about fundamentals ground behaviour • Only the effect on the construction could be seen 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 14 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Tower of Pisa (trial and error….) Tower of Pisa (photo Pisa, 2006) 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 15 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Oude Kerk, Delft, The Netherlands (trial and error….) Oude Kerk, Delft, The Netherlands (photo Oude Kerk (Delft), 2006) 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 16 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. For both towers was already during construction found that the subsurface gave excessive differential settlement and the building was adjusted, result: Pisa a leaning curved tower, Delft a leaning bended tower Oude Kerk, Delft, The Netherlands (photo Oude Kerk (Delft), 2006) Tower of Pisa (photo Pisa, 2006) 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 17 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Past: When the “error” was larger then in the forgoing examples mostly the structure collapsed 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 18 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. In contrary: “Modern” tunnel project made 10 years ago, based on data and understanding of the subsurface 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 19 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel Heinenoord Tunnel, The Netherlands • Built between 1996 and 1999 • First tunnel in the Netherlands by TBM Consortium of: Pictures from: Veldkamp JG, Hack HRGK, Ozmutlu S, Hendriks MAN & Kronieger R & Van Deen JK (2001) Combination of 3D-GIS and FEM modelling of the 2nd Heinenoord Tunnel, the Netherlands Proc. Int. Symp. Engineering geological problems of urban areas, EngGeolCity-2001. Ekaterinburg, Russia. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 20 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel Location 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 21 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel Characteristics: • soft soil shield tunneling • 3D modeling • visualization 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 22 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel • Available geological knowledge of the geological environment (geological survey, other projects) • Boreholes and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) • Laboratory data • Geophysics 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 23 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel Geology: lenses and interbedding layers of sand, clay and peat in a deltaic environment 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 24 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel data flow 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 25 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel data flow 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 26 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel geology modeling 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 27 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel geology modeling size - detail 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 28 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel property modeling 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 29 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel Conclusions Heinenoord: • Project done already some 10 years ago, hence not every conclusion from the project holds for geotechnical modeling today. • However, some main conclusions from that time still apply today 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 30 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel Conclusions Heinenoord still valid today: 1. Data conversion problem 2. Uncertainty or likelihood of the correctness of the model cannot be established 3. Transfer from data from GIS to calculation programs is cumbersome 4. Transfer of all data between typical geotechnical (GIS) and typical civil engineering (CAD/CAM) programs is poor or impossible 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 31 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel 1 Data conversion: Format of the data sources varies widely. Conversion programs to convert one format into another, but Very difficult to check whether the conversion is correct and complete Experience author: often some of the original information is not converted and this may go unnoted without a careful check. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 32 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel 2 Uncertainty or likelihood of the correctness of the model cannot be established. Quality of subsurface models is unknown (i.e. the reliability is unknown) 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 33 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel Conclusions Heinenoord: 3 Transfer of data From GIS to calculation program (for example from 3D GIS to 3D or 2D finite element program): Difficult, sometimes simply impossible or only possible with major simplifications in model The same for the return; e.g. transfer of the results to the GIS program 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 34 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel Conclusions Heinenoord: 4 Transfer of all data between typical geotechnical (GIS) and typical civil engineering (CAD/CAM) programs is poor or impossible Hence, often only simplified data is transferred 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 35 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Heinenoord Tunnel Why are these (still) a problem: The day-to-day practice in civil engineering 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 36 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Practice in civil engineering Step 1: • Subsurface data from various sources • Consulting engineering geologist or geotechnical engineer makes subsurface model • That model is (should be) fully documented on data quality, reliability of model, all underlying data are available, etc. • The model is submitted to the client (mainly civil engineers) 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 37 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Practice in civil engineering Step2: • (Often) within the civil engineering environment, somebody with or without much knowledge of the subsurface simplifies the subsurface model • Just a couple of sections or plans remain (for example, foundation level plan) • These are integrated with civil engineering design data 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 38 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Practice in civil engineering This means that: • All underlying information is forgotten • The simplified section/plan becomes the “truth” • There is no reliability indication of the subsurface • Nobody has any doubts about the subsurface data until it goes wrong 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 39 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. How to solve Reliability of models: A general valid “reliability indicator” for subsurface models is difficult (or may be impossible) to establish Alternative: All underlying data used for making the subsurface models should be available in the civil engineering environment 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 40 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Underlying sub surface data available in the civil engineering models requires: • Data harmonization and connectivity • The “thinking” process how the model has been made should in one or the other way be available 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 41 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. What do we need? Integrated 3D information model (3DIM) including (sub-)surface real world and design information What do we have? CityGML information model What is done? 1st Extension (by Ludvig Emgård) using: NEN 3610 – Dutch harmonized base model of geo-information INSPIRE 02.5 2nd Extension (by Wiebke Tegtmeier) using: Dutch Standard Geotechnical Exchange Format (GEF) GeoSciML information model Following 11 slides based on: Tegtmeier, W., Hack, R., Zlatanova, S. and Van Oosterom, P.J.M. (2008) The problem of uncertainty integration and geo-information harmonization. In: Coors, V., Rumor, M., Fendel, E. & Zlatanova, S. (eds.), Urban and regional data management: UDMS annual 2007: 171-184. Taylor & Francis. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 42 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. 1st Extension of CityGML by Emgard pkg Class Model •from Emgard & Zlatanova, 2008 «Feature» CityObj ect - Abov eSurfaceObj ect Building Vegetation CityFurniture creationDate: date terminationDate: date EarthSurface Abov eSurfaceUtility ConstructionWork Below SurfaceObj ects Below SurfaceSpaces Geology Water Below SurfaceUtility SurfaceObj ect Transportation LandCov er TerrainIntersectionPoint(TIP) 2 Dec 2010 TerrainIntersectionObj ect(TIO) TerrainIntersectionCurv e(TIC) TerrainIntersectionSurface(TIS) Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 43 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. 2nd Extension of CityGML and 3DIM by Tegtmeier class Class Model_GeologyGeneralOv erv iew «Feature» CityObj ect Below SurfaceObj ect Below SurfaceSpace Geology «Feature» Layer «Feature» LayerRock Water «Feature» Obstacle «Feature» LayerStrongSoilWeakRock 2 Dec 2010 Below SurfaceUtility «Feature» Below SurfaceSpaces «Feature» GroundWater «Feature» GasOil «Feature» LayerSoil Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 44 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. ‘LayerRock’ – General description class Class Model_LayerRock_datatypes_rev ised «Feature» LayerRock VisualDescription + + + + descriptionlocation: GM_Point contact: ContactDetails 0..* descriptiondatetime: DateT ime locationconditions: LocationConditions + + JointSystemDescription «DataT ype» ChronostratigraphicDescription observationmethod: CharacterString descriptionpurpose: CharacterString + + + 1 beddingpattern: CharacterString beddingstyle: CharacterString beddingthickness: Integer 0..* SampleDescription 1..* 0..* + sampledcode: Integer + measurementcode: Integer + + + + + + + + + dipdirection: Integer dip: Integer spacing: Decimal persistencestrike: Decimal persistencedip: Decimal conditionroughnesslarge: RoughnessLargeScale conditionroughnesssmall: RoughnessSmallScale infillmaterial: InfillMaterial karst: Karst + + + + + + + + + dipdirection: Integer dip: Integer spacing: Decimal persistencestrike: Decimal persistencedip: Decimal conditionroughnesslarge: RoughnessLargeScale conditionroughnesssmall: RoughnessSmallScale infillmaterial: InfillMaterial karst: Karst GeologicalUnit MeasurementDescription 0..* 1 LabTestDescription + 0..* labtestcode: Integer + + + + + + + + + + + objectcode: Integer objectlocation: BoundingBox objectname: RockSoilName objectdepthstart: Decimal objectdepthend: Decimal objectthickness: Decimal objectextension: Decimal objectgeometry: GM_MultiSurface geologicalformation: GeologicalFormation exposurecolour: CharacterString outcropcharacter: CharacterString BeddingSystemDescription «DataT ype» GeologicStructure 1 0..1 11 FaultSystemDescription 1 IntactRock + + + + loggedby: CharacterString company: CharacterString contactperson: CharacterString address: CharacterString telephonecontact: Integer emailcontact: CharacterString emailfrequency: Integer lastemail: Date «DataT ype» LocationConditions + + + + + + + + + + lithology: Lithology principalrocktype: RockSoilName material: CharacterString materialclass: CharacterString colour: CharacterString grainsize: GrainSize composition: Integer structuretexture: StructureT exture «CodeList» RockSoilName «DataT ype» ContactDetails + + + + + + + + + + + + + + «DataT ype» CompositionDescription environment: CharacterString weatheringdegree: WeatheringDegree weatheringprocess: WeatheringProcess weatheringproduct: RockSoilName + + + + + + + + + + + + + cloudyanddry cloudyanddrizzle cloudyandslight cloudyandheavy fairanddry fairanddrizzle fairandslight fairandheavy brightanddry brightanddrizzle brightandslight brightandheavy + + + + + + unitweight: Decimal bulkdensity: Integer effectiveporosity: Porosity permeability: Permeability + + porositymin: Decimal porositymax: Decimal 0..* + + + + + + foldsize: CharacterString foldshape: CharacterString foldtightness: Integer foldsymmetry: CharacterString folddeformationstyle: CharacterString folddipaxialplane: Integer intactrockstrengthmin: Decimal intactrockstrengthmax: Decimal FoldSystemDescription modulusofelasticity: Integer poissonsratio: Decimal internalfrictionangle: Integer cohesion: Integer intactrockstrength: IRS unconfinedcompressivestrength: UCS shearstrenth: ShearStrength tensilestrength: T ensileStrength «CodeList» WeatheringProcess unweathered slightly moderately highly completely + + + + + freezeandthaw plantactivities hydrolysis leaching oxidation «CodeList» Lithology + + + + + + «CodeList» GrainSize conglomeratedominant sandstonewithshale shalewithsandstone purecarbonate limestone nonmarinenondeposits «DataT ype» Permeability + + permeabilitymin: Real permeabilitymax: Real «DataT ype» IRS + + + + + + + + + + «enumeration» WeatheringDegree formatievanboxtel formatievanbeegden formatievankreftenheye formatievandrente formatievandrachten formatievanurk «DataT ype» Porosity «enumeration» Access poor fair good faultplaneorientation: Integer faulthangingwalldirection: Integer faultseparation: Decimal faultmovementtype: CharacterString weathering: WeatheringDescription composition: CompositionDescription physicalbehaviour: FoldSystemDescription mechanicalbehaviour: MechanicalDescription rockmassstructure: GeologicStructure chronostratigraphy: ChronostratigraphicDescription «DataT ype» MechanicalDescription «DataT ype» PhysicalDescription + + + + «CodeList» GeologicalFormation conglomerate sandstone siltstone limestone gypsum shale granite gneiss gabbro clay silt sand gravel weatherconditions: Weather accessibility: Access «enumeration» Weather + + + + RockMass weathering: WeatheringDescription composition: CompositionDescription physicalbehaviour: FoldSystemDescription mechanicalbehaviour: MechanicalDescription «DataT ype» WeatheringDescription + + + + 0..* 0..1 «DataT ype» UCS + + unconfinedcompressivestrengthmin: Integer unconfinedcompressivestrengthmax: Integer 2 Dec 2010 + + + + + + + + + + + + + argillaceous arenaceous rudaceous siltstone sandstone conglomerate calcilutite calcisiltite calcarenite calcirudite basalt dolerite gabbro «DataT ype» ShearStrength + + shearstrengthmin: Integer shearstrengthmax: Integer «CodeList» StructureTexture + + + + + verythinlybedded thinlybedded mediumbedded thicklybedded verythicklybedded «enumeration» RoughnessLargeScale wavy slightlywavy curved slightlycurved straight «enumeration» Karst «enumeration» RoughnessSmallScale roughstepped smoothstepped polishedstepped roughundulating smoothundulating polishedundulating roughplanar smoothplanar polishedplanar none karst «enumeration» InfillMaterial cementedinfill noinfill nonsofteningnonshearedmaterialcoarse nonsofteningnonshearedmaterialmedium nonsofteningnonshearedmaterialfine softshearedmaterialcoarse softshearedmaterialmedium softshearedmaterialfine gougesmall gougelarge flowingmaterial «DataT ype» TensileStrength + + tensilestrengthmin: Integer tensilestrengthmax: Integer Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 45 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. ‘LayerRock’ – General description class Class Model_LayerRock_datatypes_rev ised «Feature» LayerRock + + observationmethod: CharacterString descriptionpurpose: CharacterString 1 1..* GeologicalUnit + + + + + + + + + + + objectcode: Integer objectlocation: BoundingBox objectname: RockSoilName objectdepthstart: Decimal objectdepthend: Decimal objectthickness: Decimal objectextension: Decimal objectgeometry: GM_MultiSurface geologicalformation: GeologicalFormation exposurecolour: CharacterString outcropcharacter: CharacterString • General information on the geological feature ‘LayerRock’; described in 1 to many ‘GeologicalUnits’ Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. ‘LayerRock’ – Types of description class Class Model_LayerRock_datatypes_rev ised «Feature» LayerRock VisualDescription + + + + descriptionlocation: GM_Point contact: ContactDetails 0..* descriptiondatetime: DateT ime locationconditions: LocationConditions + + JointSystemDescription «DataT ype» ChronostratigraphicDescription observationmethod: CharacterString descriptionpurpose: CharacterString + + + 1 beddingpattern: CharacterString beddingstyle: CharacterString beddingthickness: Integer 0..* SampleDescription 1..* 0..* + sampledcode: Integer + measurementcode: Integer + + + + + + + + + dipdirection: Integer dip: Integer spacing: Decimal persistencestrike: Decimal persistencedip: Decimal conditionroughnesslarge: RoughnessLargeScale conditionroughnesssmall: RoughnessSmallScale infillmaterial: InfillMaterial karst: Karst + + + + + + + + + dipdirection: Integer dip: Integer spacing: Decimal persistencestrike: Decimal persistencedip: Decimal conditionroughnesslarge: RoughnessLargeScale conditionroughnesssmall: RoughnessSmallScale infillmaterial: InfillMaterial karst: Karst GeologicalUnit MeasurementDescription 0..* 1 LabTestDescription + 0..* labtestcode: Integer + + + + + + + + + + + objectcode: Integer objectlocation: BoundingBox objectname: RockSoilName objectdepthstart: Decimal objectdepthend: Decimal objectthickness: Decimal objectextension: Decimal objectgeometry: GM_MultiSurface geologicalformation: GeologicalFormation exposurecolour: CharacterString outcropcharacter: CharacterString BeddingSystemDescription «DataT ype» GeologicStructure 1 0..1 11 FaultSystemDescription 1 IntactRock + + + + loggedby: CharacterString company: CharacterString contactperson: CharacterString address: CharacterString telephonecontact: Integer emailcontact: CharacterString emailfrequency: Integer lastemail: Date «DataT ype» LocationConditions + + + + + + + + + + lithology: Lithology principalrocktype: RockSoilName material: CharacterString materialclass: CharacterString colour: CharacterString grainsize: GrainSize composition: Integer structuretexture: StructureT exture «CodeList» RockSoilName «DataT ype» ContactDetails + + + + + + + + + + + + + + «DataT ype» CompositionDescription environment: CharacterString weatheringdegree: WeatheringDegree weatheringprocess: WeatheringProcess weatheringproduct: RockSoilName + + + + + + + + + + + + + cloudyanddry cloudyanddrizzle cloudyandslight cloudyandheavy fairanddry fairanddrizzle fairandslight fairandheavy brightanddry brightanddrizzle brightandslight brightandheavy + + + + + + unitweight: Decimal bulkdensity: Integer effectiveporosity: Porosity permeability: Permeability + + porositymin: Decimal porositymax: Decimal 0..* + + + + + + foldsize: CharacterString foldshape: CharacterString foldtightness: Integer foldsymmetry: CharacterString folddeformationstyle: CharacterString folddipaxialplane: Integer intactrockstrengthmin: Decimal intactrockstrengthmax: Decimal FoldSystemDescription modulusofelasticity: Integer poissonsratio: Decimal internalfrictionangle: Integer cohesion: Integer intactrockstrength: IRS unconfinedcompressivestrength: UCS shearstrenth: ShearStrength tensilestrength: T ensileStrength «CodeList» WeatheringProcess unweathered slightly moderately highly completely + + + + + freezeandthaw plantactivities hydrolysis leaching oxidation «CodeList» Lithology + + + + + + «CodeList» GrainSize conglomeratedominant sandstonewithshale shalewithsandstone purecarbonate limestone nonmarinenondeposits «DataT ype» Permeability + + permeabilitymin: Real permeabilitymax: Real «DataT ype» IRS + + + + + + + + + + «enumeration» WeatheringDegree formatievanboxtel formatievanbeegden formatievankreftenheye formatievandrente formatievandrachten formatievanurk «DataT ype» Porosity «enumeration» Access poor fair good faultplaneorientation: Integer faulthangingwalldirection: Integer faultseparation: Decimal faultmovementtype: CharacterString weathering: WeatheringDescription composition: CompositionDescription physicalbehaviour: FoldSystemDescription mechanicalbehaviour: MechanicalDescription rockmassstructure: GeologicStructure chronostratigraphy: ChronostratigraphicDescription «DataT ype» MechanicalDescription «DataT ype» PhysicalDescription + + + + «CodeList» GeologicalFormation conglomerate sandstone siltstone limestone gypsum shale granite gneiss gabbro clay silt sand gravel weatherconditions: Weather accessibility: Access «enumeration» Weather + + + + RockMass weathering: WeatheringDescription composition: CompositionDescription physicalbehaviour: FoldSystemDescription mechanicalbehaviour: MechanicalDescription «DataT ype» WeatheringDescription + + + + 0..* 0..1 «DataT ype» UCS + + unconfinedcompressivestrengthmin: Integer unconfinedcompressivestrengthmax: Integer 2 Dec 2010 + + + + + + + + + + + + + argillaceous arenaceous rudaceous siltstone sandstone conglomerate calcilutite calcisiltite calcarenite calcirudite basalt dolerite gabbro «DataT ype» ShearStrength + + shearstrengthmin: Integer shearstrengthmax: Integer «CodeList» StructureTexture + + + + + verythinlybedded thinlybedded mediumbedded thicklybedded verythicklybedded «enumeration» RoughnessLargeScale wavy slightlywavy curved slightlycurved straight «enumeration» Karst «enumeration» RoughnessSmallScale roughstepped smoothstepped polishedstepped roughundulating smoothundulating polishedundulating roughplanar smoothplanar polishedplanar none karst «enumeration» InfillMaterial cementedinfill noinfill nonsofteningnonshearedmaterialcoarse nonsofteningnonshearedmaterialmedium nonsofteningnonshearedmaterialfine softshearedmaterialcoarse softshearedmaterialmedium softshearedmaterialfine gougesmall gougelarge flowingmaterial «DataT ype» TensileStrength + + tensilestrengthmin: Integer tensilestrengthmax: Integer Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 47 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. ‘LayerRock’ – Types of description class Class Model_LayerRock_datatypes_rev ised «Feature» LayerRock VisualDescription + + + + descriptionlocation: GM_Point contact: ContactDetails 0..* descriptiondatetime: DateTime locationconditions: LocationConditions + observationmethod: CharacterString + descriptionpurpose: CharacterString 1 SampleDescription + sampledcode: Integer 1..* 0..* GeologicalUnit MeasurementDescription + measurementcode: Integer 0..* LabTestDescription + labtestcode: Integer 0..* + + + + + 1 + + + + + + objectcode: Integer objectlocation: BoundingBox objectname: RockSoilName objectdepthstart: Decimal objectdepthend: Decimal objectthickness: Decimal objectextension: Decimal objectgeometry: GM_MultiSurface geologicalformation: GeologicalFormation exposurecolour: CharacterString outcropcharacter: CharacterString Different types of description for each ‘Geological Unit’ of the geological feature ‘LayerRock’ Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. ‘LayerRock’ – The Dictionary Attribute Notes objectcode Integer Public ObjectCode: Unique code linking to the specific object 'GeologicalUnit' within the geological feature 'LayerRock'. objectlocation BoundingBox Public ObjectLocation: Location and extension of the geological unit described by a Bounding Box. objectname RockSoilName Public ObjectName: Name of the rock of this geological unit. Naming according to international standards; examples given in the 'CodeList' 'RockSoilName'. objectdepthstart Decimal Public ObjectDepthStart: Depth (m), at which the geological unit starts (i.e. top level rock layer). objectdepthend Decimal Public ObjectDepthEnd: Depth (m), at which the geological unit ends (i.e. bottom level rock layer). objectthickness Decimal Public ObjectThickness: Vertical thickness (m) of the geological unit (i.e. thickness of the rock layer). objectextension Decimal Public ObjectExtension: Horizontal extension (m) of the geological unit (i.e. extension of the rock layer). objectgeometry GM_MultiSurface Public ObjectGeometry: Geometrical description of the geological feature; according to ‘The OpenGIS Abstract specification "Feature Geometry" ' (OGC 2001). Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Description scheme for various descriptive methods class ClassM odel_GeologyM easurementDetail_datatypes_rev ised GeologicalObj ect M easurementProcedure + + + + + + + + + + + + m easurem entcode: Integer m easurem entprocedurecode: Integer m easurem entprocedurenam e: CharacterStri ng m easurem entequi pm ent: CharacterStri ng m easurem entm ethod: CharacterStri ng m easurem entprocedure: CharacterStri ng m easurem entprocedureanal ysi s: CharacterStri ng m easurem entprocedureanal ysi sresul t: Resul t m easurem entprocedurereport: Deci m al m easurem entprocedurefi l e: Deci m al m easurem entprocedurefi l edate: Date obj ectcode: Integer 1 LabTestProcedure 1..* + + + + + + + + + + Location + + + + + 1 l ocati onnam e: CharacterStri ng l ocati oncoordi natesystem : CharacterStri ng l ocati oncoordi nates: GM _Poi nt l ocati onm aai vel d: Deci m al l ocati onpi cture: URL 1..* 1 l abtestcode: Integer l abtestprocedurecode: Integer l abtestprocedurenam e: CharacterStri ng l abtestproceduresetup: CharacterStri ng l abtestprocedurem easurem ent: CharacterStri ng l abtestprocedureanal ysi s: CharacterStri ng l abtestprocedureanal ysi sresul t: Resul t l abtestprocedurereport: Deci m al l abtestprocedurefi l e: Deci m al l abtestprocedurefi l edate: Date 1..* 0..1 Sample 1..* FieldM easurement + + + + + + m easurem entcode: Integer contact: ContactDetai l s m easurem entdateti m e: DateT i m e l ocati oncondi ti ons: Locati onCondi ti ons m easurem entm aai vel d: Integer m easurem entdescri pti on: CharacterStri ng 0..* 0..* 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + sam pl ecode: Integer sam pl eori gi ncode: Integer contact: ContactDetai l s sam pl i ngdateti m e: DateT i m e l ocati oncondi ti ons: Locati onCondi ti ons sam pl edepthstart: Deci m al sam pl edepthend: Deci m al sam pl edescri pti on: CharacterStri ng sam pl equal i ty: CharacterStri ng sam pl eal terati oncode: Integer 1..* LabTest 1 + + + + 0..* l abtestcode: Integer contact: ContactDetai l s l abtestdateti m e: DateT i m e l abtestdescri pti on: CharacterStri ng 1 SampleAlterations + + + 1..* sam pl eal terati oncode: Integer sam pl eal terati onnam e: CharacterStri ng sam pl eal terati ondescri pti on: CharacterStri ng 1..* M easurementPhase + + + + + + + + LabTestPhase m easurem entcode: Integer m easurem entphasecode: Integer fi l etypecode: Integer fi l etypenam e: CharacterStri ng fi l etypedescri pti on: CharacterStri ng fi l etypestatusno: Deci m al fi l edate: Date fi l eowner: CharacterStri ng + + + + + + + + l abtestcode: Integer l abtestphasecode: Integer fi l etypecode: Integer fi l etypenam e: CharacterStri ng fi l etypedescri pti on: CharacterStri ng fi l etypestatusno: Deci m al fi l edate: Date fi l eowner: CharacterStri ng 1 1 1..* 1..* LabTestData M easurementData + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + m easurem entphasecode: Integer m easurem entdatacode: Integer m easurem entdatadatatype: CharacterStri ng m easurem entdatadataform at: CharacterStri ng m easurem entdatacol um nno: Integer m easurem entdatacol um nhead: CharacterStri ng m easurem entdatacol um ni nfo: Resul t m easurem entcol um nuni t: CharacterStri ng m easurem entcol um nm i n: Resul t m easurem entcol um nm ax: Resul t «DataT ype» ContactDetails + + + + + + + + l oggedby: CharacterStri ng com pany: CharacterStri ng contactperson: CharacterStri ng address: CharacterStri ng tel ephonecontact: Integer em ai l contact: CharacterStri ng em ai l frequency: Integer l astem ai l : Date «DataT ype» LocationConditions + + weathercondi ti ons: Weather accessi bi l i ty: Access «enum erati on» Weather cl oudyanddry cl oudyanddri zzl e cl oudyandsl i ght cl oudyandheavy fai randdry fai randdri zzl e fai randsl i ght fai randheavy bri ghtanddry bri ghtanddri zzl e bri ghtandsl i ght bri ghtandheavy «enum erati on» Access poor fai r good l abtestphasecode: Integer l abtestdatacode: Integer l abtestdatadatatype: CharacterStri ng l abtestdatadataform at: CharacterStri ng l abtestdatacol um nno: Integer l abtestdatacol um nhead: CharacterStri ng l abtestcol um ni nfo: Resul t l abtestcol um nuni t: CharacterStri ng l abtestcol um nm i n: Resul t l abtestcol um nm ax: Resul t «enum erati on» Result i nteger deci m al real ‘Geology Measurement Scheme’ for the handling of geological and geotechnical field and laboratory test data as well as material sampling Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. The Geology Measurement scheme class ClassModel_GeologyMeasurementDetail_datatypes_rev ised GeologicalObj ect MeasurementProcedure + + + + + + + + + + + + measurementcode: Integer measurementprocedurecode: Integer measurementprocedurename: CharacterString measurementequipment: CharacterString measurementmethod: CharacterString measurementprocedure: CharacterString measurementprocedureanalysis: CharacterString measurementprocedureanalysisresult: Result measurementprocedurereport: Decimal measurementprocedurefile: Decimal measurementprocedurefiledate: Date objectcode: Integer 1 1..* Location + + + 1 + + 1..* locationname: CharacterString locationcoordinatesystem: CharacterString locationcoordinates: GM_Point locationmaaiveld: Decimal locationpicture: URL 1 LabTestProcedure + + + + + + + + + + labtestcode: Integer labtestprocedurecode: Integer labtestprocedurename: CharacterString labtestproceduresetup: CharacterString labtestproceduremeasurement: CharacterString labtestprocedureanalysis: CharacterString labtestprocedureanalysisresult: Result labtestprocedurereport: Decimal labtestprocedurefile: Decimal labtestprocedurefiledate: Date 1..* 0..1 Sample 1..* FieldMeasurement + + + + + + measurementcode: Integer contact: ContactDetails measurementdatetime: DateTime locationconditions: LocationConditions measurementmaaiveld: Integer measurementdescription: CharacterString 0..* 0..* + + + + + + 1 + + + + samplecode: Integer sampleorigincode: Integer contact: ContactDetails samplingdatetime: DateTime locationconditions: LocationConditions sampledepthstart: Decimal 1 sampledepthend: Decimal sampledescription: CharacterString samplequality: CharacterString samplealterationcode: Integer 1..* LabTest + + 0..* + + labtestcode: Integer contact: ContactDetails labtestdatetime: DateTime labtestdescription: CharacterString Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Current activities • Transformation of the Enterprise Architect (EA) UML models into SQL scripts • Development of SQL scripts for the creation of: – Indexes, types, objects, geometry, tables, constraints, sequences, etc. • Implementation of the SQL scripts into Oracle Spatial 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 52 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Current activities (Cont.) • Model testing and validation with real world Case Study data; two Case Studies: – Pilot ViA15 – Pilot Spoorzone Delft • Development of an ‘Uncertainty model’ linked to various models describing 1) the geological features and 2) the geological measurements – Describing quality and possible uncertainties of the geoinformation contained within each model • Combined visualization of the various types of geoinformation 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 53 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Pilot Spoorzone Delft Present Future • • Courtesy: Tukka, http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Afbeelding:Treinbrug_Delft_9838792.JPG / 2 Dec 2010 • Courtesy: http://www.spoorzonedelft.info/ Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 54 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Expert knowledge or geo-fantasy 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 55 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Is their a way to establish the quality of expert knowledge versus geo-fantasy? 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 56 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Boundaries were drawn because the subsurface is not everywhere the same, e.g. inhomogeneous 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 57 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. What is inhomogeneity: For example: • an intact rock strength variation within a block of intact rock material causes the intact rock material to be inhomogeneous • a variation in porosity in a clay causes a clay layer to be inhomogeneous • a variation in the orientation of discontinuities (e.g. jointing) causes a rock or soil mass to be inhomogeneous 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 58 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Geotechnical unit: A “geotechnical unit” is a unit in which the geotechnical properties are the same. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 59 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. geotechnical units are based on the experience and expertise of the interpreter 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 60 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. “No geotechnical unit is really homogene….” A certain amount of variation has to be allowed as otherwise the number of units will be unlimited 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 61 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. “The allowable variation of the properties within one geotechnical unit depends on: 1) the degree of variability of the properties within a mass, 2) the influence of the differences on engineering behavior, and 3) the context in which the geotechnical unit is used. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 62 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Smaller allowed variability of the properties in a geotechnical unit results in: • higher accuracy of geotechnical calculations • less risk that a calculation or design is wrong 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 63 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Smaller allowed variability of the properties in a geotechnical unit • requires collecting more data and is thus more costly • geotechnical calculations are more complicated and complex, and cost more time 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 64 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Hence: • the variations allowed within a geotechnical unit for the foundation of a highly sensitive engineering structure (for example, a nuclear power station) is smaller • the variations allowed within a geotechnical unit in a calculation for the foundation of a standard house will be larger 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 65 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Example 1 (1) What are the implications if wrong? 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 66 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. What are the implications if wrong (2): Original situation 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 67 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. What are the implications if wrong (3): final slope? 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 68 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Example 1: What are the implications if wrong (4): design error 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 69 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Reliability of sub-surface models 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 70 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Reliability of subsurface models Confidence grid for a particular subsurface layer boundary Boundary reliability of Chalk (Thames Gateway) Blue = low; red = high confidence After: Royse, K.R., Rutter, H.K. and Entwisle, D.C. 2009. Property attribution of 3D geological models in the Thames Gateway, London: new ways of visualising geoscientific information. Bull. of Engineering Geology and the Environment. Publ. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. ISSN: 1435-9529. Vol 68, (1) / February, 2009. Pp. 1-16 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 71 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Reliability of subsurface models Confidence grid: • Depending on type of geology environment • For a particular application at present: •only for relative simple geology environments 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 72 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Visualization of Integrated data 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 73 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Visualization improves day-by-day: • 3 and 4 dimensional GIS • High-level of 3 and 4 dimensional visualization of the subsurface Is not (yet) perfect but rapidly improving in quality Allows also non-experts to get a better idea on the geodata of the subsurface (and to understand why it is important) 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 74 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 75 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 76 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 77 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 78 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Interesting new developments projection of subsurface data in real time on surface view “Interactive Urban Models generated from ContextPreserving Transcoding of Real-Wold” From: Schall, G. & Schmalstieg, D. (2008) Interactive Urban Models generated from Context-Preserving Transcoding of Real-Wold Data. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on GIScience (GISCIENCE 2008), abstracts volume, Park City, Utah, USA, 23-26. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 79 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Interesting new developments Integration of subsurface and surface data GeoBIM GeoBuilding Information Modelling From: Zobl, F. & Marschallinger, R. 2008. Subsurface GeoBuilding Information Modelling GeoBIM, GEOinformatics, 8, volume 11, December 2008, p40-43. 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 80 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. visualisation Virtually everything can be visualized in 3D also in realtime 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 81 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Expectations • Developments of standards for exchange and integration of geodata in civil engineering (including subsurface models) • Uncertainty quantification standards (may be?) 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 82 Hack, R., 2010. Surface and subsurface data for civil engineering. In: 3D Goetechnical databases course, Water Resource University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 December 2010. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands. 83 slides. Conclusion Is it now so much better than in the past? • May be not: the civil engineers still work based on simplified subsurface data (albeit this better than no data) • Likely the reason for many smaller and larger problems in projects View publication stats 2 Dec 2010 Hanoi - sub- & surface data - engineering - Hack 83