Investigation of Adulteration in Petrol Using Ultrasonic Technique

Measurement, 2019

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Fuel, 2018

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2019

The design and construction of a non time-consuming sensory device that can measure the refractive index of a fuel sample in order to check whether the fuel is adulterated or not is presented. In this research, three fuel samples were experimentally examined using an ATMega328 microcontroller based ultrasonic sensor with the help of combined lenses to determine their respective refractive indices, and thus, the percentage differences when compared to the theoretical value of the index of refraction of unadulterated fuel. The results of this research work shows that the non adulterated sample (A) has refractive index of 1.4384 with relative percentage error 1.29%, adulterated sample (B) has refractive index to be 1.3902 and the percentage error of 0.02%, and adulterated sample (C) has a high refractive index of 1.5534 with relative error 9.38%. The sensory device is useful for determination of adulteration in fuel samples with an accuracy of up 0.02% deviation from the refractive ind...

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Densities and ultrasonic speed of liquids Gasoline and Kerosene were taken in different volume concentrations from 5%, 10%, and 95% at different temperatures 298.15K to 303.15K having difference of 5K. Using this data excess parameters of excess adiabatic compressibility (E a ), excess molar volume (E a V) and excess free length (E f L) has been calculated. These parameters are used to discuss the molecular interactions between the component molecules and the excess functions are found to be sensitive to the nature and extent of the interactions taking place in these binary mixtures.

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Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences

The study focused on the efficacy of ultrasonic method for identifying vegetable oils and their mixtures in the formulation of frying oil and its ability in authentication of virgin olive oil. The ultrasonic propagation properties (velocity and Time of Flight (TOF)) were used to classify oil samples and their mixtures at 1 MHz. The results revealed the ability to classify oil types in terms of their level of un-saturation, besides it is to identify oil mixtures. Each oil sample could be grouped into different clusters using ultrasonic parameters. Hence, ultrasonic could be used to discriminate the vegetable oil types and their mixtures effectively as a rapid and continuous method in the industrial in-line quality control system of vegetable oils and their mixtures.

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Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 1995

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In today's modern and digital world, if the fuel indicator in the vehicles is made digital, it will help us to know the exact amount of fuel available/filled in the tank. It can also help in knowing if the fuel dispensed is adulterated or not. The above fact is considered in our project. The exact amount of fuel available as well as presence of adulterant in the tank will be displayed digitally by making the use of Ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is a non-contact sensor, with low power requirement and good accuracy. It overcomes the problems faced by other gauges and is suitable for the non-contact measurement of the fuel inside the tank. The device measures quantity and quality dispersed using simple ultrasonic waves. Hence, this device when installed prevents the customer from getting cheated.

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2011

This paper presents an investigation of the capability of the acoustic emission (AE) technique in the processes of monitoring and detecting the variation of engine oil's viscosity via in-situ operation. The investigations were conducted on an 8.5-hp single cylinder of four strokes with a water cooling engine. One single grade engine oil's condition has been put to the test; namely, SAE 40 VI 96. The oil condition in the engine was successfully monitored based on the AE signatures generated by the interaction between the piston surface and the layer of the oil during the time that the engine was in operation. The generated AE signatures were captured using an AE wide band transducer that was bonded outside the engine block and located at the lower part of the bottom dead centre (BDC). The captured waveform signatures were then analysed using the MATLAB software. The results of the experimental works show that the statistical analysis parameters including the root-mean-square (rms), maximum amplitude and AE energy values are capable of distinguishing the variant of the viscosity. The AE technique can assist the owner of the engine in determining the engine oil's condition before replacing it.

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Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2006

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Fuel, 2012

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