Palaeolithic Art: More than Meets the Eye? An Object Biography Approach to Engraved Stone Plaquettes from the Magdalenian Site of Montastruc, South-Central France.

This thesis asks a simple question: is there more to Palaeolithic art than meets the eye? The history of the study of Palaeolithic art reveals a fixation on the analysis of how art looks in its finished form. This thesis challenges this framework by exploring art from an object biography approach, augmented by a suite of new digital techniques, and through the exploration of non-western ontologies concerning humans, animals and objects. This approach is explored through application to a detailed case study: engraved stone plaquettes from the Magdalenian site of Montastruc, south-central France. The plaquettes are assessed not only based on their visual attributes, but how they were made, used and deposited, enhanced via the use of 3D models and microscopy. Emphasis is placed on trying to re-contextualise the collection, offering an analysis of all objects from the Peccadeau de l’Isle collection held in the British Museum, some 15,620 objects. These broad life phases are considered within a Magdalenian cosmology occupied by numerous agents beyond the bounds of humans alone. In the creation and use of art, this non-human agency is argued to be evident, playing an active role in the choices made by the artists working at Montastruc. The plaquettes are argued to be deeply social, made close to fire and by multiple artists of varying skill. The plaquettes had a distinct life history when compared to organic art objects found at the site, highlighting the nuance that can be revealed through an object biography perspective. The rich interpretations made possible by shifting the archaeological gaze to object biography, insights from non-western anthropology, and new high-resolution digital techniques are argued to represent a significant approach that can potentially be applied to other Palaeolithic art contexts and beyond.