This paper consists of 150 questions. Answer all questions. Write your answer clearly in the spaces provided in the question paper. Show your working. It may help you to get marks. If you wish to change your answer, erase the answer that you have done. Then write down the new answer. The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn to scale unless stated. The marks allocated for each question are shown in brackets. This question paper must be handed in at the end of examination. Bahagian ini mengandungi 150 soalan. Jawab semua soalan. Jawapan hendaklah ditulis dengan jelas dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. Tunjukkan langkah-langkah penting. Ini boleh membantu anda untuk mendapatkan markah. Sekiranya anda hendak menukar jawapan, padamkan jawapan yang telah dibuat. Kemudian tuliskan jawapan yang baru. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukiskan mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan. Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan ditunjukkan dalam kurungan. Kertas soalan ini hendaklah diserahkan di akhir peperiksaan.

The monoid is a humble algebraic structure, at first glance even downright boring. However, there's much more to monoids than meets the eye. Using examples taken from the diagrams vector graphics framework as a case study, I demonstrate the power and beauty of monoids for library design. The paper begins with an extremely simple model of diagrams and proceeds through a series of incremental variations, all related somehow to the central theme of monoids. Along the way, I illustrate the power of compositional semantics; why you should also pay attention to the monoid's even humbler cousin, the semigroup; monoid homomorphisms; and monoid actions.

For students beginning their studies in Materials, gaining an understanding of how new concepts and methods connect to each other can be a challenge that delays their overall understanding of Materials Science and Engineering as a discipline. As they struggle to understand the relationship between any material’s properties and the chemical and molecular structure that gives rise to those properties, they can often lose sight of the contexts in which the materials’ properties matter, the patterns of relationships between materials in a class, or the reasoning that allows one to predict how different processes will transform the structure, and thus the properties, of various materials. This paper explains the development of a new tool, the Materials Science and Engineering Reasoning Diagram, designed to provide students with a framework of relationships between central concepts in Materials Science and Engineering, and to unite disciplinary knowledge and reasoning with rhetorical concepts of genre, audience, and purpose. This tool was designed through a collaborative process between faculty in Materials and those in professional communication, and takes the form of a visual schematic that students can use to map the relationship of concepts in an experiment; to scaffold the process of reading literature in the field; to storyboard a slide presentation or design a poster; and to outline paths of explanation for communicating technical knowledge to various audiences.

Software development is an evolutionary process. Requirements of a system are often incomplete or inconsistent, and hence need to be extended or modified over time. Customers may demand new services or goals that often lead to changes in the design and implementation of the system. These changes are typically very expensive. Even if only local modifications are needed, manually applying

Sebagai dasar negara Indonesia Pancasila Memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Pancasila mendasarkan pada hakekat sifat kodrat manusia sebagai mahkluk individu dan mahkluk sosial. Oleh karena itu, dalam ideoloogi Pancasila Mengakui atas kebebasan hak-hak masyarakat. Manusia menurut Pancasila memiliki kodrat sebagai mahkluk pribadi dan sebagai mahkluk tuhan Yang Maha Esa, sehingga nilai-nilai ketuhanan senantiasa menjiwai kehidupan manusia dalam hidup bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Kebebasan manusia dalam rangka demokrasi tidak melampauihakikat nilai-nilai ketuhanan, bahkan nilai ketuhanan menjelma dalam bentuk moral dalam ekspresi kebebasan manusia dan konsisten dengan cita-cita dan tujuan nasional seperti digariskan di dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945. Pancasila adalah ideologi bangsa Indonesia. Dengan pedoman Pancasila para pendahulu kita bisa mempersatukan berbagai kelompok dan golongan. Selain Pancasila ada banyak ideologi lainnya yang berkembang di berbagai negara dunia, seperti ideologi Liberalisme, Kapitalisme, Komunisme, Sosialisme, dan sebagainya. Maka dari itu, makalah ini akan membahas mengenai perbandingan ideologi Pancasila dengan ideologi lainnya yang berkembang di dunia.