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Reflections in the Glass: Informing Audiences: Public Perceptions of Illicit Antiquities in Art Museums

Reflections in the Glass: Informing Audiences Public Perceptions of Illicit Antiquities in Art Museums Cherkea Howery Terracotta kylix from Tarquinia, Museo Nazionale RC 6848 Lent by the Republic of Italy, L.2008.1.1 Mary and Michael Jaharis Gallery, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Photo taken by author, 5 July 2009. Current developments within the cultural heritage debate show an improvement in addressing antiquities acquisition by public and private art museums in the United States. However, these museums are not educating visitors about their involvement in the trade of illicit objects. At the turn of the nineteenth century, many American museums were at the forefront of creating collections in competition with the great museums of Europe. The eagerness that led them to acquire illegally excavated and exported antiquities is no longer sustainable by today’s standards. These methods, sprung as they are from questionable ethics, are leading to the return of artifacts with dubious provenances and the provisions for long-term loans. The agreements include assurances for cooperation; however, the debate over the ownership of cultural heritage is not referenced within the galleries of these institutions. The public has the right to be aware of museum dealings and participate in this dialogue. Museums need to ensure the implementation of ethical policies by relating them to actual practice, especially when exhibitions are launched for the educational benefit and entertainment of the entrance-fee-paying public. A survey concerning museum visitors and their expectations, criticisms, and impressions about antiquities was circulated online during the summer of 2009. This experience has allowed me to conduct research on the tangible effects of restitution, while also providing a greater understanding of visitors’ acceptance of the museum hierarchy and their trust in cultural institutions. People want to visit museums and they want to have access to different cultures. This desire overrules their awareness of past mistakes and scandals. Because the public is willing to overlook apparently questionable ethics, museums should feel less threatened about divulging information about provenance research and restitution. This information needs to be disclosed clearly and honestly for the educational benefit of the public and for the ethical standing of the cultural institution. Cherkea Howery