International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
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REUSE OF NATURAL WASTE MATERIAL (COCONUT WASTE) FOR
MAKING LIGHT WEIGHT BRICKS
Namrata S. Tikhe1, Sneha V. Dhanawade2, Sunil A. Dhanawade3, Sumit R. Gosavi4,
Prof. Vivek. R. Kasar5
1,2,3,4Department
5Asst.Prof.
of Civil Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Lavel, Maharashtra-India,
V. R. Kasar, Department of Civil Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Lavel,
Maharashtra-India, 415-708
--------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------–coconut fibers–rice husk, shell mixes could be used for
Abstract: Brick are widely used construction and building
material around the world. Bricks are prepared from
natural waste material (coconut waste). Soil is used as a
binding material for natural waste material. The main
objective of the present study is to reduce the quantity of soil
with natural waste material. The coconut fibers are used to
make light weight bricks. The coconut fiber which otherwise
is land filled has been utilized to make construction bricks
that serves a purpose of solid waste management. Also for
environmental protection and sustainable development,
extensive research has been conducted on production of
bricks from waste material. These waste is used to reduce
the quantity of soil as there is a greater storage of soil in
many parts of world. The bricks are prepared by coconut
fibers with varying composition of soil reduced the quantity
of soil (10%-25%) respectively. The prepared bricks are
tested in compression strength machine for getting
compressive strength of bricks.
Keywords: Bricks, Coconut Fiber and Shell, Soil,
Environmental friendly, Compressive Strength.
construction purpose.
Objectives
1) Check the feasibility of coconut waste as a partial
replacement for soil in the preparation of bricks.
2) To reduce the quantity of Soil for making bricks with
natural waste materials
3) To use waste Material (coconut shell & fiber) in
construction units.
4) Study the behavior of compressive strength and water
absorption
5) Compare the result with conventional brick.
2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
1. INTRODUCTION:
Bricks have been a major construction and building
material for a long time. The worldwide annual production
of bricks is currently about 1391 billion units and the
demand for bricks is expected to be continuously rising.
Conventional bricks are produced from soil with high
temperature kiln firing. It is also noted that there is a
shortage of in many parts of the world. To protect the clay
resource soil and the environment, some countries such as
China have started to limit the use of bricks made from
clay. Coconut is a versatile product and has multiple uses.
Almost all the parts of a freshly grown coconut, eatable or
otherwise, are used in some or the other manner. India is
one of the leading coconut producers in the world,
producing 13 billion nuts per annum. Fired bricks are
made by using soil –sand mixes with different percentages
of rice husk ash. The firing durations at 900 0C were
respectively 2, 4 and 6 hours. The effects of rice husk
content on workable mixing water content, Atterberg
limits, linear shrinkage, density, compressive strength and
water absorption of the bricks were investigated. The
results indicated that the inclusion of rice husk, increased
the compressive strength of bricks. The bricks made of soil
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In our experimental process, we are using soil as
binding material for coconut waste bricks. Starting with
the collection of material required as brick making soil is
collected from Dasturi-khed and coconut waste collected
from local vendors and various temples of khed. We are
preparing the bricks of size 20cm x 10cm x10cm which is
nominal size of brick and for that mould of same size is
fabricated. The soil is sun dried for 15 days for various
test. Coconut waste is utilized for preparing bricks in the
manner where it was previously go through the process of
removing the husk and cut into the pieces of size 6 cm to
7cm and shell was crushed to size of pieces of 2cm to 3cm
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
in machine. After that rice husk and water mixed in to soil
and treated coconut waste is mixed with that mixture and
requied water is added. The bricks are prepared with
varying compositions and left sun drying for 10 to 12 days
and further it was burnt at kiln.
3. MATERIALS
3.1 Soil:
Laterite soils are red in colour due to little clay and more
gravel of red sand-stones.Laterite soils have a high clay
content, which mean they have higher Cation Exchange
Capacity and water-holding capacity than sandy soils.They
are formed under condition of high temperature and
heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods.
Fig-3: Coconut Shell
3.4 RICE HUSK
Rice husks are the hard protecting coverings of grains of
rice. In addition to protecting rice during the growing
season, rice husk can be put to use as building material,
fertilizer, fuel.
Fig-1: Soil
3.2 Coconut fiber
Fig-4 : Rice Husk
Coconut fiber is a natural fiber extracted from the husk of
coconut. It is the fibrous material found coconut. Coconut
fiber cells are narrow and hollow, between the hard,
internal shell and outer coat of a with thick walls made of
cellulose. Each cell is about 1 mm (0.04 in) long and 10 to
20 μm 0.0004to 0.0008 in in diameter. Fibers are
typically 10 to 30 centimeters (4 to 12 in) long.
4. TEST ON SOIL
3.3 COCONUT SHELL
Coconut Shell is the strongest part covered in coconut
fruit. Coconut shell is located in between the coconut flesh
and coconut husk.
|
Sawdust used is generated from the mechanical
processing of raw wood in the sawing process. Sawdust is
used in its original form and taken from its disposed area
near the timber manufactures in the local region.
Fig-5: Wood Sawdust
Fig-2: Coconut Fibers
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3.5 WOOD SAWDUST
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4.1. Moisture Content
Moisture content is defined as the ratio of the
mass/weight of water to the mass/weight of water to the
mass/weight of soil solids.
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The three soil samples having moisture content 25%,
50%, 25 % due to presence of water content. The average
value of moisture content in soil sample is 34%.
Table No-1: Geotechnical properties of soil
Sr. No.
Name of Tests
Results
IS Code
1.
Moisture
Content
34%
IS 2720 (Part
VIII), 1983
2.
Liquid Limit
44%
IS 2720 (Part V)
3.
Plastic Limit
36.20%
IS 2720 (Part V)
4.
Plasticity Index
7.8
IS 2720 (Part V)
5. TEST ON BRICK
5.1. Compressive Strength
Chart-1: Moisture Content
4.2. Liquid Limit
A liquid limit is the moisture content expressed as a
percentage of the weight of over-dried soil, at which soil
changes from a plastic to a liquid state. As per conducted
experimental test results are 33.33%, 42.85%, 50%, 50%
and average result is found that the liquid limit of soil
sample is 44%.
Fig-6: Compressive strength machine
The compressive strength of a brick is done by preparing
the specimen adding suitable waste of coconut fiber,
coconut shell and rice husk in various proportions such as
10%, 15%, 20% and 25%.
Table No-2: Comparative Result of Compressive Strength
Chart-2: Liquid Limit
4.3. Plastic Limit
The plastic limit of soil is the water content of the soil
below which it ceases to be plastic. It begins to crumble
when rolled into threads of 3mm diameter. From the
experimental test result is found that the water content in
soil sample is 36.20%.
4.4. Plasticity Index
Plasticity Index (Ip) is the difference between liquid limit
and plastic limit. According to the calculation the value of
plasticity index is 7.8
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Sr
No.
Soil
(%)
Waste
(%)
Avg. value of
comp. strength
without waste
(N/mm2)
Avg. value of
comp. strength
with
waste(N/mm2)
1
100
0
5
5
2
90
10
5
4.33
3
85
15
5
4.17
4
80
20
5
3.83
5
75
25
5
2.7
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Chart-2: Water absorption test
Chart 3: Compressive strength test
Table no 4: Result: Light weight Brick
5.2. Water Absorption Test
The weigth of a quantity of water absorbed to the weigth
of brick expressed as a percentage is the water absorption
capacity of brick. The strength of brick depends upon its
water absorption capacity. The water absorption of a brick
is done by preparing the specimen adding suitable waste
of coconut fiber, coconut shell and rice husk in various
proportions such as 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The results
obtain are
Sr.
No.
Wt. of
Soil in
(%)
Wt. of
Waste
(%)
1.
100
2.
Avg. value of wt. of Brick
Unburnt Brick
(kg)
Burnt
Brick (kg)
0
2.54
2.18
90
10
2.42
2.05
3.
85
15
2.26
1.92
4.
80
20
2.17
1.82
5.
75
25
2.02
1.69
CONCLUSION:
On the basis of experimental investigation the following
observation are made:
1.
It is observed that if the percentage of soil reduces
then the compressive strength of bricks decreses.
2.
It is noted that as a soil content is reduces brick
become lighter in weight
3.
Maximum strength is achieved after replacing
10% and 15% of soil by coconut waste.
Fig-7: Water absorption test
Table No-3: Water absorption results
Sr.
No
.
% of
wast
e
Avg. Wt. of
brick before
absorption(k
g)w1
Avg.Wt.
of brick
after
absorptio
n(kg)W2
% of water
absorption
4.
At 25% of waste the water absorption of brick is
26.96% and compressive strength of brick is 2.7
N/mm2so it is not suitable for construction
purpose.
1
0
2.18
2.53
16.35
5.
2
10
2.05
2.42
18.17
Coconut waste can be easily handled and utilized
for making light weight brick
3
15
1.92
1.31
20.21
Future scope:
4
20
1.82
1.23
22.91
1.
5
25
1.69
2.15
26.96
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Light weight bricks are easy to handle and transport.
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2.
High compressive strength, better workability, light
weight etc. all these qualities of bricks will increase its
future scope of construction work.
3.
The effective way of utilizing waste material leads to
clean environment.
4.
Since the bricks have not been used on large scale for
the construction work. But it has good scope in future,
because these bricks is being manufactured from the
waste material like rice husk, coconut waste.
REFERENCES:
1.
Mohammad Shahid Arshad, Dr. P.Y. Pawade:
Project on Reuse of natural waste material for
aking
light
weight
bricks. published
in
international journal of Scientific and Technology
Research volume 3, Issue 6, [june 2014]
2.
Prof. Roshan S. Satpute et-al: Project on using
waste material for making light weight bricks
Published in International conference of recent
trends in Engineering Science and Technology
[ICRTEST 2017]
3.
K.r.Vinodh et-al: Project on
Experimental
investigation On bricks by usingvarious waste
materials Published on )nternational journal of
latest trends in Engineering and Technology vol.6
Issue 3[January 2016]
4.
Maneesh Kumar et-al: Project on
An
Experimental study on use of recycle paper mill
waste in light weight bricks published in
International journal of Advanced Research in
Engineering and Management vol 1 Issue 02 [May
2015]
5.
Lianyang Zhang, 2013 - Production of bricks from
waste materials – A review. Construction and
Building Materials 47, 643–655
6.
Brick.http://en.wikipidia.org/wiki/Brick#cite_not
e-2.
Sneha Vilas Dhanawade is born in
1996 in Ratnagiri District,
Maharashtra. At present she is
final year student of bachelor of
civil Engineering from Gharda
institute of Technology University
of Mumbai.
Sunil Arun Dhanawade is born in
1992 in Ratnagiri District,
Maharashtra. He received her
Diploma of Civil Engineering from
the
Government
polytechnic
Ratnagiri college of diploma
Engineering in 2015. At present he
is final year student of bachelor of
civil Engineering from Gharda
institute of Technology University
of Mumbai.
Sumit Rajaram Gosavi is born in
1995 in Ratnagiri District,
Maharashtra. At present he is final
year student of bachelor of civil
Engineering from Gharda institute
of Technology University of
Mumbai.
Vivek Kasar, ME (Water Resource
And Engg.) has worked with B.G.
Shirke construction Technology,
Pune as a Project Engineer and
having teaching experience more
than 8 years in Civil Engineering
of well known industries. He is
working as Asst. Prof. in
department of Civil engineering of
Gharda institute of Technology,
Since Dec. 2016. He has published
4papers in different International
Journals.
BIOGRAPHIES
Namrata Sunil Tikhe is born in
1996 in Ratnagiri District,
Maharashtra. She received her
Diploma of Civil Engineering from
the Rajendra mane polytechnic
college of diploma Engineering
Ambav in 2015. At present she is
final year student of bachelor of
civil Engineering from Gharda
institute of Technology University
of Mumbai.
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