RFID & Bluetooth Controlled Air Conditioning System for Classrooms and Laboratories

A CED UHMFD ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ MÜHENDİSLİK VE FEN BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ International Refereed Journal of Engineering And Sciences DERSLİK VE LABORATUVARLAR İÇİN RFID & BLUETOOTH KONTROLLÜ İKLİMLENDİRME SİSTEMİ (1) RFID & BLUETOOTH CONTROLLED AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR CLASSROOMS AND LABORATORIES Mustafa ÇAKIR1, Okan ORAL2 1 İskenderun Teknik Üniversitesi, İskenderun MYO Elektronik & Otomasyon Bölümü, Hatay / Türkiye 2 Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Mekatronik Mühendisliği Bölümü, Antalya / Türkiye ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1794-92421, 0000-0002-6302-45742 Abtract: Aim: Air conditioning has a great importance for the health and productivity of intructors and also for the tudents in the school environment. Air conditioners (ACs) are often preferred for air conditioning of classrooms and laboratories. High energy consumption of these ACs raises cots to educational intitutions. Forgetting to turn of the ACs at nights or weekends also causes high energy wate and motor failures. Another factor rising cots is to run the ACs while outside temperature is adequate and there is no need to run the ACs. Method-Results: To overcome these situation, Arduino based control sytems may be used. Conclusion: In our tudy, an HVAC is controlled via the Arduino platform. We used RFID and Bluetooth technology to prevent unauthorized access to the unit controls while checking indoor and outdoor temperature to decide whether it is really necessary to run the ACs to avoid the unneeded tartup. Öz: Amaç: İklimlendirme, okul ortamlarında öğrenci ile öğretim elemanı sağlığı ve eğitimin verimliliği açısından oldukça büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Derslik ve laboratuvarların iklimlendirmesi için çoğu kez klimalar tercih edilmektedir. Klimaların yüksek enerji tüketimi eğitim kurumları için ciddi bir maliyet oluşturmaktadır. Kapatılması unutulmuş klimaların dersliklerde saatlerce gereksiz yere çalışması enerji kullanımını arttıran unsurlardan biridir. Bir diğer unsur ise uygun dış ortam sıcaklığına rağmen klimaların yine gereksiz yere çalıştırılmasıdır. Bu gereksiz harcamaların akıllıca yaklaşımlar ile kısıtlanması Arduino kontrol kartları ile mümkün olabilmektedir. Yöntem-Bulgular: Bu çalışmada salon tipi 3 fazlı bir klima, RFID kart ve Bluetooth teknolojisi ile iç ve dış ortam sıcaklık değerini ölçen sensörler yardımıyla Arduino platformu üzerinden kontrol edilmiştir. Sonuç: Bu sayede klimanın kontrolü RFID kartı veya mobil cihazı kullanan öğretim elemanı tarafından yapılabilmekte ve gereksiz enerji harcamalarının önüne geçilebilmektedir. Key Words: Arduino, RFID, DHT-22, Air Conditioning, RemoteXY Anahtar Kelimeler: Arduino, RFID, DHT-22, Klima, RemoteXY Doi: 10.17366/uhmfd.2017.2.5 (1) Sorumlu Yazar: Okan ORAL, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mekatronik Mühendisliği Bölümü Antalya / Türkiye, okan@akdeniz.edu.tr Geliş Tarihi / Received: 28.02.2017 Kabul Tarihi/ Accepted: 21.08.2017 Makalenin Türü: Type of article (Araştırma – Uygulama / Research -Application) Çıkar Çatışması / Conflict of Interest:Yok / None“Etik Kurul Raporu Yok – None of Ethics Committee” 70 UHMFD www. hmfdergisi.com Uluslararası Hakemli Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Mayıs / Haziran / Temmuz / Ağutos İlbahar Yaz Dönemi Sayı: 10 Yıl:2017 International Refereed Journal of Engineering And Sciences May / June / July / Augut Spring Summer Issue: 10 Year: 2017 ID:109 K:208 (ISO 18001-OH-0090-13001706 / ISO 14001-EM-0090-13001706 / ISO 9001-QM-0090-13001706 / ISO 10002-CM-0090-13001706) (MARKA PATENT NO: TRADEMARK) (2015/04066- 2015-GE-17837) Issn Online: 2148-47-83 Online: 2149-2484 INTRODUCTION in is more or less than the comfort temperature that should be, it can cause complaints such as throat intability and burning in the eyes. Similarly, excessive moiture can cause a feeling of sweating and overwhelming warmth (Tezcan M.K, 2010: 16). Air conditioning is a sytem for controlling the humidity, ventilation, and temperature in a building or vehicle, typically to maintain a cool atmosphere in warm conditions. Air conditioners (ACs) are machines; provide heating, cooling, air cleaning, air circulation and keeping the amount of moiture at a certain level. Starting with primitive solutions in the years of 1500, air-conditioning has been an indispensable climate solution for people with diferent forms and working methods. ACs differ according to their working environment as indicated in the following; 1- Wall type split, 2- Saloon type split, 3- Ceiling type split, 4Floor type Split and 5- Window type split as shown in Figure 1 (Anonymus, 2007: 8). Because of these reasons, ACs are frequently used in educational intitutions. It is important to keep the air of the classrooms and the laboratory environments where the tudents and the intructors are in the comfort conditions, as well as the lecturers and the lecturers who teach the course (Uludağ Z. and Odacı H. 2002: 2). Because of the comfort they provide, the high-powered saloon type split causes serious electricity cots due to their long-term operation. Forgotten turn ACs of at the end of the lesson and working in classrooms for hours and hours unnecessary is one of the elements that increase energy consumption at educational intitutions. In order to prevent energy wastage, it is necessary that the air conditioners can be operated by teaching taf during the course of the lesson. However, this situation can be achieved with the sensitivity of the teaching tuf. In schools with many classrooms and laboratories, it is very dificult to follow this situation. Especially in universities where the class times are lexible, the follow-up becomes even more dificult. Figure 1. Air Conditioners Type (Anonymus, 2007:8) According to globally accepted tandards, the comfort environment for humans is 20-27 °C temperature and 30% - 60% humidity range. If the temperature of the environment we are 71 UHMFD www. hmfdergisi.com Uluslararası Hakemli Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Mayıs / Haziran / Temmuz / Ağutos İlbahar Yaz Dönemi Sayı: 10 Yıl:2017 International Refereed Journal of Engineering And Sciences May / June / July / Augut Spring Summer Issue: 10 Year: 2017 ID:109 K:208 (ISO 18001-OH-0090-13001706 / ISO 14001-EM-0090-13001706 / ISO 9001-QM-0090-13001706 / ISO 10002-CM-0090-13001706) (MARKA PATENT NO: TRADEMARK) (2015/04066- 2015-GE-17837) Issn Online: 2148-47-83 Online: 2149-2484 Another factor that causes energy wate is that the air conditioners are operated unnecessarily even though there is a suitable ambient temperature. With the opening of the windows, the fresh air to enter will make the lesson more eficient because it will provide oxygen enrichment for the brain. mate zone. In this tudy, an approach called “Multi Point Temperature Measurement” is presented to increase ambient temperature comfort in air conditioning. In the climate, the PIC18F452 processor is used as a controller and it communicates with radio frequency (RF) modules with temperature measurement modules at ditant points. Functions such as programmability, sleep, auto tuning, fan speed and blowing angle control can be performed via an infrared (IR) communicating remote control, and tatus information can be displayed on a liquid crytal display (LCD) on the air conditioner. The two problems mentioned above provide the motivation for this tudy. A control card needs to be designed to get over the problems involved. The controller unit at the heart of the control board mut have the ability to communicate with the peripheral units and produce a specific result after evaluation. This can be achieved with the program to be intalled on the controller chip. Automatic control of air conditioning for vehicles was discussed by (Tezcan M.K., 2010). In this tudy, the automatic control design for vehicle’s air conditioners were examined by using a programmable microcontroller instead of mechanically controlled. In order to overcome the adverse conditions arising from meteorological factors in mot of today’s vehicles, a combination of heating (heating) and cooling (air conditioning) sytems are used. The SHT-11 humidity and temperature sensor measures the temperature in the vehicle, the DS1820 temperature sensor measures the temperature outside the vehicle, and the received data is processed by the PIC18F452 microcontroller. In addition, the measured values and other parameters can be displayed on the LCD screen and the fan speed setting, PREVIOUS STUDIES In the work done by (Yakar R. & Köklükaya E., 2001), PIC16F84 (manufactured by Microchip) microcontroller was used to control the devices by telephone. The control card circuit and the operation of the program were explained in their tudy. (Sefa İ. and Kahraman H. T., 2007) have focused on providing energy saving and ensuring the comfort of the environment at a higher level. The exiting climate control sytems detect the ambient temperature with the temperature sensor on the air conditioner. With a point measurement, it is not possible to etablish an equal comfort in a whole cli- 72 UHMFD www. hmfdergisi.com Uluslararası Hakemli Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Mayıs / Haziran / Temmuz / Ağutos İlbahar Yaz Dönemi Sayı: 10 Yıl:2017 International Refereed Journal of Engineering And Sciences May / June / July / Augut Spring Summer Issue: 10 Year: 2017 ID:109 K:208 (ISO 18001-OH-0090-13001706 / ISO 14001-EM-0090-13001706 / ISO 9001-QM-0090-13001706 / ISO 10002-CM-0090-13001706) (MARKA PATENT NO: TRADEMARK) (2015/04066- 2015-GE-17837) Issn Online: 2148-47-83 Online: 2149-2484 air direction control and indoor / outdoor air control can be electronically controlled. rol card. However, microprocessor sytems require many external components, such as an input / output (I/O) unit, memory (RAM, ROM, EEPROM, etc.), oscillator, supply and reset unit along with a microprocessor. When these units are received separately, they occupy space on the control card and increase the cot of the control card. Microcontroller based control cards are often preferred due to their low cot. For this reason, a microcontroller control card may be preferred intead of a microprocessor control card. An air conditioning sytem was controlled by programming a PIC microcontroller with a fuzzy logic sytem at (Erkaymaz H., and Çayıroğlu İ., 2010) tudies. The sytem keeps the temperature of its environment at 19-23°C. As input variables, humidity and temperature values are taken from outside by SHT11 sensor and transferred to PIC 16F876 programmed with fuzzy logic sytem. Depending on the output values, the heater heats up and the cooling fans are operated to provide the necessary air conditioning. Since I/O units and memory units of microcontroller sytems are located in the microcontroller chip, the sytem design will benefit both from the area covered by the electronic control board and from the cot side (Altınbaşak O., 2000: 16). However, a programming card is needed to program microcontrollers. This means additional sytem cot. However, the use of Arduino platforms intead of using a microcontroller alone provides advantages both in terms of space and cot. In addition to the microcontroller on Arduino platforms, the presence of units such as programming, serial communication, power supply, and reset circuits facilitate the design of the control card from the point of view of the designer and reduces the cot of the control card design (Banzi M., 2011: 17-19). For these reasons, Arduino platform is preferred as controller unit in control card design. In Turhan E. S. et. al. (2014) tudy, a universal controller connected to the Arduino (a microcontroller platform) was controlled via the web interface. In this way, it was possible to control any device found in the room from a diferent place. Internet connection and an Arduino were used in the venue to adapt the tudy to the exiting devices. An example of an application is the reference to the operation of an air conditioning sytem. MATERIALS and METHOD It is necessary to design a control card to get over the problems mentioned in the introduction. Several diferent tructures can be used as controllers in the control card design. The firt is to design a microprocessor-based cont- 73 UHMFD www. hmfdergisi.com Uluslararası Hakemli Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Mayıs / Haziran / Temmuz / Ağutos İlbahar Yaz Dönemi Sayı: 10 Yıl:2017 International Refereed Journal of Engineering And Sciences May / June / July / Augut Spring Summer Issue: 10 Year: 2017 ID:109 K:208 (ISO 18001-OH-0090-13001706 / ISO 14001-EM-0090-13001706 / ISO 9001-QM-0090-13001706 / ISO 10002-CM-0090-13001706) (MARKA PATENT NO: TRADEMARK) (2015/04066- 2015-GE-17837) Issn Online: 2148-47-83 Online: 2149-2484 The appropriate program for the microcontroller on Arduino platform is intalled. This program means sytem software. The Arduino platform, which will communicate with environmental units, will need sensors to transmit the temperature and humidity information of the internal and external atmosphere. Because of this perception, the Arduino platform will decide whether the outdoor temperature is suitable for operating the air conditioner. In addition, it is also necessary for an authorized person to inspect a control element so that the air conditioner can operate. RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) reader is preferred because of the low cot of the control element that will activate the air conditioner and it can be carried easily by the authorized teaching taf. Authorized teaching taf not located beside RFID card can control the air conditioner with his/her mobile device. It is enough that the mobile device that provides the control has the bluetooth connection feature. te during the class time. In the other method, the authorized person provides a Bluetooth connection between the mobile device and the control card and thus controls the energy of the mobile device via the RemoteXY software. With the help of sensors that measure the outdoor humidity and temperature values, it is decided that the same platform air conditioner should work. The climate control card we developed uses the Arduino nano platform, the RC522 RFID card reader, the DHT-22 sensor to measure humidity and temperature, the single channel relay board to supply contact energy, and the HM-10 module to etablish a Bluetooth connection with mobile devices. Arduino Nano Platform The Arduino Nano platform is an open source hardware platform with dimensions of 19x43mm and has the Atmega328 microcontroller. On this platform there are oscillator circuit which determines the operating frequency of the microcontroller, supply regulator circuit that provides the operation and necessary circuit for serial communication with the computer. The exitence of these circuits helps the user to develop the project easily without having advanced electronic knowledge (Banzi M., 2011: 17-19) Energy control of a saloon type air conditioner, 13.000W cooling and 14.060W heating capacity and 3 phase powered, is provided by a developed Arduino based control card. This control is provided with two methods. The firt method uses an RFID card and the other method uses a mobile device with a Bluetooth connection. In the firt method, the authorized person reads the RFID card control panel and allows the air conditioner to opera- The Arduino Nano platform has 13 digital input / output ports (pins tarting with D) and 8 74 UHMFD www. hmfdergisi.com Uluslararası Hakemli Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Mayıs / Haziran / Temmuz / Ağutos İlbahar Yaz Dönemi Sayı: 10 Yıl:2017 International Refereed Journal of Engineering And Sciences May / June / July / Augut Spring Summer Issue: 10 Year: 2017 ID:109 K:208 (ISO 18001-OH-0090-13001706 / ISO 14001-EM-0090-13001706 / ISO 9001-QM-0090-13001706 / ISO 10002-CM-0090-13001706) (MARKA PATENT NO: TRADEMARK) (2015/04066- 2015-GE-17837) Issn Online: 2148-47-83 Online: 2149-2484 analog input ports (pins tarting with A) (Figure 2). logitics, security, health, animal husbandry, library, education and so on. It is a feasible technology in many fields (Marasli F. and Çıbuk M. 2015: 1). The RC522 RFID reader, mifare card and keychain module we use in our work are shown in Figure 3. The RC522 RFID reader is used to transfer the ID information from the Mifare card or keyring module to be read via the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) communication protocol to the Arduino Nano. Figure 2. Arduino Nano Platform Pin-Up Top View RC522 RFID Reader - Mifare Card – Key Cahin Module Figure 3. RC522 RFID Reader-Mifare Card–Key Cahin Module RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is a technology that can be applied in many sectors and is rapidly developing in wireless communication technologies. This technology basically consits of a reader, a tag and an antenna connected to them. The information on the label is read or written via radio frequency. In this way, the tags that are placed or carried in the objects are used to tore and control the information in many areas. RFID technology can be integrated with other wireless technologies. If we look at its development, there is hope for the future. RFID is used mainly in supply chains, The RC522 RFID module is capable of communicating with the Arduino Nano platform via SPI, I2C and UART communication protocols (Figure 4). Figure 4. RC522 RFID Reader Pinout 75 UHMFD www. hmfdergisi.com Uluslararası Hakemli Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Mayıs / Haziran / Temmuz / Ağutos İlbahar Yaz Dönemi Sayı: 10 Yıl:2017 International Refereed Journal of Engineering And Sciences May / June / July / Augut Spring Summer Issue: 10 Year: 2017 ID:109 K:208 (ISO 18001-OH-0090-13001706 / ISO 14001-EM-0090-13001706 / ISO 9001-QM-0090-13001706 / ISO 10002-CM-0090-13001706) (MARKA PATENT NO: TRADEMARK) (2015/04066- 2015-GE-17837) Issn Online: 2148-47-83 Online: 2149-2484 DHT-22 Sensor can be used in short-circuit in case of trigger or open circuit in case of trigger. It can switch the current up to 10 Amperes at 220VAC voltage (Figure 6). The DHT-22 sensor (Figure 5) consits of two parts; capacitive humidity sensor and thermistor. Thanks to the embedded chip, analog signals are converted into digital signals. Thus, the generated digital signals can be easily read by microcontrollers. DHT-22, a simple but slow-running sensor, is often preferred due to its low cot by hobbyits (https://learn. adafruit.com/dht). During the trigger signal coming through the Arduino Nano platform, a current of 20mA is drawn and the coil is energized to change the position of the contacts. Thus, the three-phase contactor which will give way to the saloon type split air conditioner is energized. The DHT-22 sensor is used to obtain humidity and temperature information for indoor and outdoor environments. Figure 6. Single Channel Relay Board HM-10 Bluetooth Module Although the HC-05 and HC-06 bluetooth modules are popular, they are inefective in providing control over mobile devices with Android and IOS operating sytems. These modules use the Bluetooth 2.0 tandard and are only able to pair with mobile devices running the Android operating sytem. However, the new generation of mobile devices support Bluetooth 4.0 (Bluetooth Low Energy- BLE). For this reason, the HM-10 Bluetooth module shown in Figure 7, which uses the Bluetooth 4.0 tandard, is preferred in our project. Figure 5. DHT-22 Sensor Single Channel Relay Board The single channel relay control card is a relay card that can be used with Arduino or other microcontrollers where the contacts can be controlled by 5V. For the relay, pins are taken out NC (Normally Closed), NO (Normally Open) and COM (Common). Thus, it 76 UHMFD www. hmfdergisi.com Uluslararası Hakemli Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Mayıs / Haziran / Temmuz / Ağutos İlbahar Yaz Dönemi Sayı: 10 Yıl:2017 International Refereed Journal of Engineering And Sciences May / June / July / Augut Spring Summer Issue: 10 Year: 2017 ID:109 K:208 (ISO 18001-OH-0090-13001706 / ISO 14001-EM-0090-13001706 / ISO 9001-QM-0090-13001706 / ISO 10002-CM-0090-13001706) (MARKA PATENT NO: TRADEMARK) (2015/04066- 2015-GE-17837) Issn Online: 2148-47-83 Online: 2149-2484 In order to the user to provide climate control, it is necessary to etablish a connection between Bluetooth on the mobile device and the HM-10 bluetooth module on the climate control card. After the bluetooth connection has etablished, the air conditioner power can be controlled via the mobile device. Figure 7. Bluetooh Module (HM-10) CONCLUSION The mobile user interface, shown in Figure 9a, is intended to inform the user how to use the control program when the program is run. Using the above-mentioned electronics materials, the control card with the circuit diagram shown in Figure 8 is designed. The 3 phase supply of the air conditioner is connected to a 3 phase fuse. Then the 3-phase contactor is connected and the control is provided with the relay so that the energy path is opened or closed. Figure 9a. Explanation About the Control Program The image shown in Figure 9b is added so that the user can see the temperature, humidity, and operating time of the environment. Figure 9b. View the Temperature and Humidity Values of the Environment and Remaining Time Figure 8. Control Card Scheme 77 UHMFD www. hmfdergisi.com Uluslararası Hakemli Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Mayıs / Haziran / Temmuz / Ağutos İlbahar Yaz Dönemi Sayı: 10 Yıl:2017 International Refereed Journal of Engineering And Sciences May / June / July / Augut Spring Summer Issue: 10 Year: 2017 ID:109 K:208 (ISO 18001-OH-0090-13001706 / ISO 14001-EM-0090-13001706 / ISO 9001-QM-0090-13001706 / ISO 10002-CM-0090-13001706) (MARKA PATENT NO: TRADEMARK) (2015/04066- 2015-GE-17837) Issn Online: 2148-47-83 Online: 2149-2484 The image shown in Figure 9c provides the ERKAYMAZ, H., ÇAYIROĞLU, İ., (2010). Bulanık Mantık ve PIC Kullanılarak Bir Klima Siteminin Kontrolü. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Entitüsü Dergisi. Cilt:1, Sayı:2, Sayfa: 167-180 user with the ability to energize the climate and determine the duration of the operation. MARAŞLI, F., ÇIBUK, M., (2015). RFID Teknolojisi ve Kullanım Alanları. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. Cilt:4, Sayı:2. 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