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The Conversation
Since October 2017 the resource rich Cabo Delgado Province in Northern Mozambique has been suffering from armed attacks . Perpretrators, their causes and objectives are not understood as yet. using a muti dispciplinary approach this essay attempts to bring forward some structural elements considered useful for the analysis of possible causes and remedies.
This paper reviews the main features of a new expansion extremist-type violence's parameters in northeastern Mozambique as a result of violence broke out first in October 2017 in Cabo Delgado province and increasingly became a regional problem; creating risks for oil and gas investors in the region. Although Mozambique has little history of militant activity and police are reluctant to ascribe the attacks to Islamists, some analysts allege the attacks on civilians demonstrate that a group of suspected Islamic militants called Ahlu Sunnah Waj-Jama'a (Adherents to the Sunna and the Community of Muslims Sunni), has raised its terror campaign to a new level. The paper examines the background of Ahlu Sunnah Waj-Jama'a group and argues that it would be naive to allege that Ahlu Sunnah Waj-Jama'a group is the sole actor in that expanding targeting system. The violence and the broadened parameters that went beyond the called objective of Ahlu Sunnah Waj-Jama'a group indicate that there were subterraneous forces at play. Members of Ahlu Sunnah Waj-Jama'a were the pioneer attackers who provided a template pretexts to other forces that want to attack their calculated targets. The paper conclude that simplistic and narrow counter-violence lens ignores the historical context in which religious identities are being shaped and reshaped in the globe which glosses over the fact that regional, ethnic and religious identities often reinforce each other.
The Conversation
"Mozambique's own version of Boko Haram is tightening its deadly grip", The Conversation, 11 June 2018 (online - see link)A guerrilla movement has unleashed terror on the residents of Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado province, killing 35 people in the space of just three weeks. The group, known as Al-Sunnah wa Jama’ah (“people of the Sunnah community”), also poses a huge threat to the country’s economy, putting its oil and gas industry at risk. Eric Morier-Genoud examines the history of a movement that started off as a religious sect but has morphed into a terror group.
The Conversation
"Tracing the history of Mozambique's mysterious and deadly insurgency", The Conversation, 18 February 2019 (online: see link)2019 •
Tony Blair Institute
Global Extremism Monitor: Islamist Violence after ISIS2019 •
(Supervised) Research by the Extremism Policy Unit, Tony Blair Institute tracking violent Islamism and evidence of state-building activities by groups beyond ISIS in 2018/19. Includes top 10 countries affected by violent Islamism in 2018/19, places to watch, and global trends in Islamist inspired terrorism.
Le Fait Missionnaire: Social Sciences and Missions, Vol. 17, 2005, pages 41-59
Dispute over Islamic Funeral Rites in Mozambique: ''A demolidora dos prazeres' by Shaykh Aminuddin Mohamad2005 •
In his book 'A demolidora das prazeres' ('A demolisher of the pleasures', 1993), the Mozambican Islamic scholar Shaykh Aminuddin Mohamad Ibrahimo deals, amongst others, with the Islamic concepts of death and life in the hereafter. He provides his insights into one of the long-standing historical debates in Mozambique over funeral rites, and what is permitted or forbidden. Most of the critique of the book is directed against the funeral practices of the Sufi orders, especially the Qadiriyya. The Shaykh criticizes them from a religious standpoint, using the Wahhabi language, as well as from a rational modernist position. In short, Shaykh Aminuddin Mohamad asserts himself as a 'legitimate' Islamic authority in the face of competition from the 'traditional' African Islam represented by the person of a Muslim chief, embodying the spiritual world of the ancestors, and from the Sufi order.
Journal for Islamic Studies
"A Prospect of Secularization? Muslims and Political Power in Mozambique Today", Journal for Islamic Studies (Cape Town), No.27 (2007), pp.233-2662007 •
Southern Africa is undoubtedly a predominantly non-Muslim region; a region that consists of nation-states that have opted to operate along democratic political lines and that have adopted Constitutions that were open to accommodating religious traditions other than African Religious Traditions and Christianity. As a consequence of these open constitutional policies, minority religious traditions such as Islam were able to find a space within which to operate. Islam, as a religious tradition, was taken to Southern Africa via different routes; in some instances it was carried to these distant places by political prisoners and slaves during colonial times, and in other cases it was taken there by migrant labourers and plantation workers. The outcome of these developments resulted in the formation of Muslim communities who now form an integral part of Southern African social landscape; this is very noticeable in the northern part of Mozambique and also very conspicuous in the Southwestern part of South Africa's Cape region where they have brought about religious transformation.
African Journal on Terrorism
Community Policing Approach: Joint Task Force and Community Relations in the Context of Countering violent Extremism2019 •
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE
The Usual Suspects: Debunking the Myth about the "Causes" of Terrorism2018 •
African Journal on Terrorism
Explaining the Resurgence of Biafra Radicalisation and Nationalism in South-East Nigeria2019 •
Counter Terrorist Trends and Analysis
Global Threat Assessment: New threats on the Horizon?2015 •
ASPI Counter-terrorism Yearbook 2019; Page 41-49
"Bangladesh and India": Counterterrorism Yearbook 2019, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Australia2019 •
South African Historical Journal, Vol. 60, No. 4 (2008): 637-654
Muslim Religious Leadership in Post-Colonial Mozambique2008 •
Institute for Security Studies
More than propaganda: A review of Boko Haram's public messages2017 •
Religion, Peace and Conflict in Contemporary Africa
The Drum Wars: The Clash of Religious Groups in a Cosmopolitan City2017 •
Kronos: Southern African Histories, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2013, pages 230-256
Muslim Memories of the Liberation War2013 •
in Boko Haram: Islamism, politics, security and the state in Nigeria, edited by Pérouse de Montclos,M.-A
Framing and Blaming: Discourse analysis of the Boko Haram uprising, Juy 20092014 •
in Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos (ed.) Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria (Leiden: African Studies Centre. 2014) pp. 158 - 191.
Boko Haram and the Evolving Salafi Jihadist Threat in Nigeria2014 •
Boko Haram: Islamism, politics, security and the State in Nigeria
Christian perceptions of Islam and society in relation to Boko Haram and recent events in Jos and northern Nigeria2014 •
Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies
ANATOMY OF AFRICA'S EVIL SIAMESE TWINS: A COMPARATIVE RESEARCH OF BOKO HARAM AND AL-SHABAB