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Investigacion Clinica
Cáncer de próstata y apoptosis2011 •
El cancer de prostata presenta una progresion androgeno-dependiente mediada por el receptor de androgeno (AR), por lo que el bloqueo androgenico es la terapia estandar para su tratamiento en estado avanzado. Sin embargo, a pesar de una sensibilidad inicial, estos canceres usualmente evolucionan hacia un estado hormono-resistente. Esta resistencia puede ser debida a una amplificacion del gen AR, a sus mutaciones y al aumento en la expresion de proteinas co-activadoras. Igualmente, el receptor AR puede permanecer activo, independientemente de la fijacion del ligando por fosforilacion de factores de crecimiento y de citosinas. Adicionalmente, hay otras posibles vias independientes del receptor AR, como lo ejemplifica la adquisicion del fenotipo neuroendocrino. En esta revision se examinan tanto los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en la progresion del cancer de prostata asi como la forma en que sus celulas evaden la apoptosis.
Investigación Clínica
Prostate cancer and apoptosis2011 •
Prostate cancer presents an androgen-dependent growth mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen pathway blockage is the standard therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer at an advanced stage. In spite of an initial sensitivity, prostate cancer usually becomes refractory to hormone treatment. This resistance can be due to the amplification of the AR gene, AR mutations and the increase in co-activator protein expression. Likewise, growth factors and cytokines can induce AR phosphorylation, independently of ligand fixation. Moreover, there are other AR-independent pathways, such as the acquisition of the neuroendocrine phenotype. In this review, we examine the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the progression of prostate cancer, as well as the ways its cells evade apoptosis.
Introduction: in Cuba, prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men. Objective: systematize the essential theoretical bases that sustain the self-preparation of the medical student and the general practitioner for their participation in the prevention, early diagnosis and management of the patient with prostate cancer. Method: in the Faculty of Medicine of Guantánamo, between September and December 2018; a search was made in the electronic databases through the Google Scholar metasearch engine. Results: a monograph was prepared on the current considerations on prostate cancer at the level of medical students and general practitioner that contained the following nuclei of knowledge: definition, pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: the clinical expression of this cancer is diverse and precise biomarkers are not yet available for its diagnosis, which makes it essential for general practitioners to be able to contribute efficiently to its prevention and early clinical diagnosis in order to ensure the patient a greater chance of cure and survival.
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