Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
2021, Language Documentation & Conservation
Classic typologies within prosody tend to treat ‘tone’ languages as being diametri - cally opposed to ‘stress’ languages. However, Hyman (2006) highlights several lan - guages that can have both, including Seneca, Fasu, and Copala Trique. As language documentation advances and our acoustic methodologies in the field are further refined, we have seen this list continue to expand. The aim in this article is to fur - ther this research trajectory by presenting the correlates of stress in Kurtöp, a tonal Tibeto-Burman language. Kurtöp has a word-level tone system, in which high versus low tone is required on the first syllable of every word. Stress, or prosodic word-level prominence, is realised on the first syllable of a root. Thus, stress and tone usually occur on the same syllable; they are only separated from each other when the nega - tive prefix triggers movement of the tone to the initial syllable, leaving a stressed but toneless second syllable. Based on data collected in the field from three speakers, this article shows that the primary correlate of stress is duration, not pitch, intensity, or expansion of vowel space.
In Balti Tibetan, spoken in Baltistan, northern Pakistan, disyllabic non-verbs (nouns, adjectives, and numerals) are stressed on the second syllable (σ2). Fundamental frequency is a robust correlate of this σ2 stress pattern; vowel duration is a weak and inconsistent cue for stress, while intensity does not play a role. Verbs, in contrast, are stressed on the first syllable (σ1); F0, intensity, and vowel duration all contribute to conveying syllable prominence. These findings differ from previous descriptions of Balti in distinguishing stress patterns by lexical category. Further, this is the first work to provide an acoustic characterization of the correlates of stress in Tibetan. As one of the most phonologically conservative varieties of Tibetan, Balti can be considered to preserve the prosodic and acoustic characteristics of Proto-Tibetan. This study thus offers crucial information towards reconstructions of Proto-Tibetan and Proto-Tibeto-Burman, and towards development of hypot...
2008 CLA (Canadian Linguistic Association) Proceedings
Phonetic cues to stress in a tonal language: Prosodic prominence in San Lucas Quiaviní2008 •
Journal of Chinese Linguistics
Acoustic Correlates of Prominence in Kala Lizu (Tibeto-Burman)2022 •
This study investigates acoustic correlates of prominence in Lizu (Tibeto-Burman). Lizu has been argued to have a hybrid prosodic system combining lexical tone on monosyllabic words and prominence patterns with stress-like and tonal characteristics on polysyllabic words, although empirical evidence is lacking. This study presents an acoustic investigation of the pitch patterns on disyllabic words in the Kala variety of Lizu (HL, HH, LH). Using the parameters of duration, intensity, and f0, it attempts to sort out different forms of prominence, and to explore their interaction with lexical tone. The measurements are taken from experimental data with eight Lizu speakers (4 male and 4 female). The acoustic results and statistical analyses suggest that the first syllable in Kala Lizu is the position of prominence in all three pitch patterns. Our results are consistent with interpreting the pitch pattern HL as more stress-like (with intensity as an acoustic correlate of stress) and the pitch patterns HH and LH as more tone-like (with stress cued by full realization of lexical tone). This study contributes to a better understanding of the prosodic organization of Kala Lizu and it also suggests methodology for further exploration of other Lizu varieties.
The Fifty-Ninth International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Languages (ICSNL 59)
Acoustic Correlates of Word Stress in Haisla2024 •
Haisla typically assigns stress like other North Wakashan languages to the leftmost stress-bearing (moraic) syllable, or applies the default-to-opposite rule if the word contains no moraic syllable (Elfner 2008; Janzen 2015, 2023). Perceived exceptions exist in words containing long vowels and suffixes with lexical stress. Previous work on the Haisla stress systems either did not consider phonemic vowel length (Vink 1977; Lincoln & Rath 1986) or simply acknowledged that it may be a factor (Wilson 1987; Bach 1990). After finding that all long (bimoraic) vowels do attract stress, we conduct the first detailed phonetic study of the Haisla stress system. We investigate prosodic features pitch, duration, and intensity, as well as the first (F1), second (F2), and third (F3) formants, of predictably stressed vowels in Haisla. We find that pitch, duration, and intensity are very highly significant (p < 0.001) correlates of stress and, interestingly, that the backness (F2) of stressed /a/ is highly significant (p < 0.01). These results contribute to the understanding of the predictability of word stress in Haisla as well as additional considerations around orthographic revision for the Haisla speech community.
This dissertation provides a comprehensive description of the tonal and intona- tional phonology of Lhasa Tibetan (LT) in the Autosegmental-Metrical framework. It is based on recorded data elicited from members of the Tibetan-Canadian community in Ottawa and Toronto. The first two chapters of the dissertation contain background information about LT, a summary of previous research on LT tones and intonation, and an overview of the theoretical framework and conceptual tools used in the rest of the dissertation. The third chapter deals with word tonology. I establish that the prosodic structure of LT brings evidence for four main constituents at or below the word level: a) the mora encodes vowel length contrasts, b) the syllable is the tone-bearing unit (TBU), c) the prosodic word, which is maximally binary, delimits the application of most tonal processes, and d) the prosodic word group, which matches grammatical words, is the domain of downstep. This prosodic structure provides evidence against the universality of the Prosodic Hierarchy (Selkirk, 2002; Nespor and Vogel, 2007) in that it has no phonological phrase, but has two word-level constituents. I then argue that LT has three lexical tones (H, LH, and L) – L being limited to some suffixes – and propose that these lexical tones are subject to tone rules applying within the prosodic word and the prosodic word group. These tone rules are similar to those proposed by Duanmu (1992), but have been improved to accurately predict the tone patterns of long polysyllabic words. Based on phonetic evidence, I also come to the conclusion that LT no longer has stress, and that the stress pattern found in other Bodic varieties has been reinterpreted as a part of the tonal system. The fourth chapter analyses phrasal prosody. I argue that LT forms intona- tional phrases around clauses and marks them with nal lengthening, pitch reset, and a limited set of boundary tones (H% and L%). Although communicative functions and information structure are mostly realized by means of final particles and morphosyntactic devices in LT, I show that boundary tones, focal tones, and deac- centing interact with word tones to form complex melodic patterns. In the fifth chapter, I present a phonologically-based F0 synthesis model to verify the adequacy of the proposed Autosegmental-Metrical model of LT. This F0 synthesis model consists of three main components: a) the tonal targets defined in previous chapters, b) an F0 interpolation component based on the PENTA model (Xu, 2004), and c) an evaluation component allowing a comparison of the F0 contours of real LT utterances with resynthesized F0 contours of the same utterances. The F0 synthesis model is able to generate F0 contours that approximate the F0 contours of real LT recordings, suggesting that the proposed phonological model adequately captures the overall tonal and intonational phonology of LT.
2005 •
Journal of Phonetics
Word-level prosody in Balsas Nahuatl: The origin, development, and acoustic correlates of tone in a stress accent language2010 •
The Linguistic Review
How word stress is realized in Thai: Evidence from the ordering of coordinate compounds2024 •
This study challenges the widespread belief that Thai lacks word stress, demonstrating its pivotal role in morphophonology. Through a Maximum Entropy analysis, we investigated how specific segmental properties statistically influence speakers’ choices of word order in coordinate compounds. Results indicate a significant effect of phonological weight on the ordering patterns. Specifically, the dispreference for stop codas in final positions and the preference for long or low vowels word-finally converge to differentially distribute phonological weight, ensuring that final syllables are heavier in accordance with the Stress-to-Weight Principle. Additionally, a marginal affinity is observed between the final syllable and the (historical) high-register tone, aligning with the well-documented tone-stress interaction where high tones gravitate towards stressed syllables. These findings provide compelling evidence for the existence of word stress in Thai: compound stress necessarily coincides with word stress, as dictated by the Continuous Column Constraint. Thus, this work suggests that relying solely on phonetic cues is insufficient for identifying stress; instead, a comprehensive analysis incorporating “phonological exponents” is essential to capture the greater phonological contrasts licensed in stressed syllables. This study also contributes to a deeper understanding of metrical and prosodic prominence, revealing that word stress can sometimes be masked by higher-level prominence.
to be presented at the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Glasgow, 10 August 2015.
A case study of tone and intonation in two Tibetic language varietiesThis paper presents a case study looking at the interaction between lexical tone and post-lexical intonation in two very similar Tibetic language varieties spoken in Nepal: Lamjung Yolmo and Kagate. In these two varieties, we find preliminary evidence that in both monosyllabic and disyllabic words, lexical tone is only specified at the left edge of the word, while the right edge of the word is ‘free’ to take post-lexical intonation tones. We present evidence of post-lexical intonation on these ‘free’ right edges both phrase medially and phrase finally. These results suggest that a description of the tone system of these languages without reference to the intonational system is too simplistic, and any future analyses should incorporate descriptions of both lexical tone and post-lexical intonation.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
Conference: Preconvention Institute,“Tools for Global Understanding: Fluency, Comprehension, and Content Knowledge” at the annual meeting of the International Reading Association, San Francisco, CA
Text Matters in Developing Fluent Reading2002 •
Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura
Gabriela Ardila Biela. A las patadas. Historias del fútbol practicado por mujeres en Colombia desde 1949. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2023. 468 páginas.2019 •
Benefits for the Workplace of the Future
Delinking Benefits from a Single Employer: Alternative Multiemployer Models2003 •
1991 •
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Formation of radical cations in a model for the metabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons2004 •
Turkish Journal of Entomology
Persistence and insecticidal evaluation of Inert-PMS formulation on wheat stored grains against Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Liposcelis paeta2016 •
2014 •
Nature Communications
Author Correction: Identification and characterization of Cardiac Glycosides as senolytic compounds2020 •
International Journal for Quality in Health Care
Cost utility of fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in multivessel coronary artery disease in Brazil2018 •
Current Research in Dentistry
Sclerostin: A Novel Key to Bone and Dental Treatment2012 •