Lindernia
Ambika Prasad Research Foundation │ Odisha
Lindernia
Sundar S Mety
Bhagwati P Sharma
Chanchal Malhotra
Rakhee Dimri
B L Manjula
Sweta Mishra
Ambika Prasad Research Foundation │ Odisha
LINDERNIA
Published by:
Ambika Prasad Research Foundation
5F/561, Sector-9, CDA
Cuttack, Odisha-753014, India
© 2022 by Ambika Prasad Research Foundation
Date of Publication: July, 2022
The content of this book is tried best to provide authenticated
information. All the references necessary are listed. All
attempts have been made to publish reliable information and
acknowledge the copyright holders. If any copyrighted
material(s) have not been acknowledged, please inform us, so
we may rectify it in our future reprints.
Front Cover:
Lindernia crustacea
Front Cover:
Lindernia pusila
ISBN: 978-81-955847-3-4
Price: Rs. 550/Printed at:
Hi-Tech Graphics
Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
MESSAGE
Nature has many unknown and unexplored species which are
useful for mankind in various aspects. These species are prone to
extinction due to high anthropogenic activities and frequent
climatic changes. Among them, small unexplored herbs growing
in moist areas, marshy areas, and near water bodies are more
susceptible and need to address them at an alarming rate. The
species belonging to the family Linderniaceae, are such herbs
having less knowledge about their identification, distribution and
uses. Happy to know that the participants of the training program
on Medicinal plants conducted by Ambika Prasad Research
Foundation are publishing a book entitled “Linderniaceae”. I
congratulate the authors of this work and hope, it will be beneficial
for the researchers, academicians, scholars and intellectuals.
Again, I appreciate the hard work of the participants in
publishing such a valuable book.
Dr. Sanjeet Kumar
CEO, Ambika Prasad Research Foundation, Odisha
CONTENTS
Introduction
Enumeration
1. Lindernia anagallis
2. Lindernia antipoda
3. Lindernia ciliata
4. Lindernia crustacea
5. Lindernia dubia
6. Lindernia nummulariifolia
7. Lindernia oppositifolia
8. Lindernia procumbens
9. Lindernia pusilla
10.Lindernia rotundifolia
11.Lindernia veronicifolia
12.Lindernia viscosa
Bibliography
About the Authors
1
2
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
INTRODUCTION
Genus Lindernia All., a group of flowering plants from the family
Linderniaceae, traditionally belonged to the family Scrophulariaceae.
Based on molecular studies Lindernia is segregated along with 12 other
genera from the rest of Scrophulariaceae to a new family Linderniaceae
in its direction of evolution. Globally, the genus Lindernia comprises
about 160 species. It is distributed almost throughout the Tropical and
Temperate regions of the world. They fall into 3 main geographical
groups. The largest in Asia followed by Africa and America. The
distribution and taxonomy of Lindernia have been studied by various
taxonomists in certain widespread areas, namely Southeastern North
America, Himalayas, India, Burma, China, Malesia, and Nepal. A
preliminary study on the genus Lindernia shows that there are about 31
taxa reported from India. Lindernia currently contains 12 or more
different genera, of which 3 other genera: Vandellia L., Bonnaya Link &
Otto, and Ilysanthes Rafin are most commonly used. These 4 genera were
distinguished by the androecium, capsule, leaf, and calyx.
Lindernia is an annual herb, seen in moist and shady
habitats. They are erect or prostrate herbs with serrate margins. The
general characteristics of Lindernia are, opposite leaves; petiolate or
sessile; leaf blade margin often toothed or rarely entire; veins pinnate or
palmate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemose, sometimes
pseudo-umbellate, rarely in large panicles, or flowers solitary. Flowers
opposite or alternate, often pedicellate. Bracteoles absent. Calyx lobes 5,
equal or subequal, parted or split on 1 side. Corolla lower lip is larger
than the upper, extended; the upper lip is erect. Stamens 4, all fertile or 2
anterior reduced and filaments appendaged; anthers coherent or apex of
locules of anterior ones pointed or spurred. The style is mostly 2lamellate, apex often enlarged. Seeds are small and numerous.
1
ENUMERATION
2
Lindernia anagallis
Lindernia anagallis (Burm.f.) Pennell
Name changed: Torenia anagallis (Burm.f.)
Wannan, W.R.Barker & Y.S.Liang
Family: Linderniaceae
Common name: Gadag vel
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Grow in moist areas.
Food values: Leaves are cooked as leafy vegetables.
Medicinal values: NIL
Flowering & Fruiting: April to September
Distribution: Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia and India.
3
Description
It is an annual diffuse herb, rooting at lower nodes, and growing 10-40
cm tall. It is a creeper with many branches. Leaves 0.8-2 x 0.5-1 cm,
ovate to elliptic, base truncate, margin crenate-serrate, apex subacute,
glabrous, sessile. Flowers are white to pink in colour with a yellow spoton lower lip, axillary, solitary or rarely 2-per node, upper lip entire, lower
lip 3- lobed, Calyx deeply 5-lobed almost to the base, 3-6 mm long, lobes
linear-lanceolate. Corolla tube 6-8 mm long; limb 2-lipped. staminodes
2- lobed, Stamens 4, fertile; anterior filaments with a linear appendage
near base; anthers of basal pair spurred. Capsule to 1.3 mm long, linear,
glabrous, much exceeding the calyx. Seeds 0.5 mm long, ellipsoid.
4
Lindernia antipoda
Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston
Name changed: Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce
Family: Linderniaceae
Common name: Sparrow Lindernia
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Wetland and moist areas.
Food values: Leaves are cooked as leafy vegetables.
Medicinal values: Root decoction is used to cure diarrhoea.
Flowering & Fruiting: August to October
Distribution: China, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia, Pacific Islands and India.
5
Description
It is an annual prostrate herb, growing up to 40 cm long from a fibrous
rootstock. Leaves are opposite and oblong to lanceolate, about 1-4 cm,
branching at the base,
ascending,
base
spreading
cuneate,
margin
subentire to serrate, apex
obtuse,
subsessile.
Flowers pink to purple in
colour, white marks on
the lower lip with two
yellow stamens, solitary,
axillary or in terminal
racemes; bracts leafy;
pedicle 1 cm long. Calyx
divided to the base; lobes
4 mm long, lanceolate,
margin scarious. Corolla
bluish
with
yellow
coloured mouth, 6- 8 mm
long,
internally
short
pilose
between
the
staminodes. 2 fertile stamens, staminodes 2. Capsule 1-1.4 cm long,
linear-lanceolate. Seeds yellow and ridged.
6
Lindernia ciliata
Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell
Name changed: Bonnaya ciliata (Colsm.) Spreng.
Family: Linderniaceae
Common name: Fringed Lindernia
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Found in moist areas.
Food values: NIL
Medicinal values: Lindernia ciliata is traditionally used in the treatment
of jaundice.
Flowering & Fruiting: Throughout the year
Distribution: China, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Philippines, Northern Australia, The Pacific and India.
7
Description
Lindernia ciliata is an erect, small annual herb growing up to 20 cm. The
stem is erect to decumbent, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes or at
their last nodes, 3-20 cm. leaves cauline, thin, ecliptic-oblong, base
rounded, margin aristate-dentate, apex obtuse to acute, 4.4.5 x 0.7-12
mm. Petiole absent. Flowers in terminal racemes, sepals 4-6 mm, corolla
white, pink or lavender, abaxial lobes sometimes with darker pink or
purple markings, tube curved, 5-7 mm, stamens 2, anthers unequal,
staminodes without appendage and distal segment. Ovary 2 -3 mm long,
elongate. Capsule 1-1.5 cm long, linear, septum winged, exceeding the
fruiting calyx. Seeds are ovoid to ellipsoid or oblong, irregularly angled
not ribbed, black in colour.
8
Lindernia crustacea
Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell.
Name changed: Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & Schltdl.
Family: Linderniaceae
Common name: Malaysian Lindernia
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Found in open moist
grasslands, river beds and moist areas.
Food values: NIL
Medicinal values: It is traditionally
used to treat ear ache, injury and fever.
Flowering & Fruiting: July to
September
Distribution: Widely distributed through Tropical and Subtropical
regions of the Globe, from Africa through Asia to Australia and The
Pacific.
9
Description
Lindernia crustacea is a prostrate perennial, diffusely branched herb,
growing up to 10-20 cm tall. The stem is much branched, usually rooting
at the lower nodes; stem 4angled, slightly winged on
angles. Leaves are ovate to
ovate-heart shaped, base
truncate, margin serrate,
apex
subacute,
penni
nerved, 0.5-1.5 cm long,
0.4- 1.2 cm wide. Petiole 16mm long. Flowers arise
singly in the leaf axils, on
stalks 0.5-2.5 cm long.
Corolla rose to purple in
colour with a yellow mark
on lower lip, 5 -8 mm long.
Upper lip is 2-lobed, lower
one 3-lobed, middle lobe
slightly larger than lateral ones. Stamens 4, didynamous; lower pair of
stamens with a subulate appendage at the middle of the filament. Ovary
globose. Capsules are oblong-ovoid, 3.5-5 mm long. Seeds minute and
numerous.
10
Lindernia dubia
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell
Family: Linderniaceae
Local name: NIL
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Found in wetlands and river beds.
Food values: NIL
Medicinal values: NIL
Flowering & Fruiting: July to January
Distribution: The species is widely
distributed in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico,
Venezuela and India.
11
Description
Herb, annual, erect or sometimes ascending, rooting at the lower nodes,
stem herbaceous, quadrangular. Much branched near the base. Leaves
sessile, basal ones larger, smaller towards the apex, 0.5−2.5 × 0.2−1.5
cm, ovate or ovate-elliptic. Upper lanceolate, 3-5 veins from the base,
veins distinct on lower larger leaves, base cuneate-attenuate or rounded,
apex acute to acuminate, occasionally obtuse, margin entire or shallowly
2−3 toothed, largest leaves near the base. Flowers solitary, axillary,
pedicel cylindrical, glandular hairy, equalling or longer than the leaves,
5-10 mm long. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, 3-4 mm long, linear or lanceolate,
apex acute, sparsely glandular, sepals basally connate. Corolla 6-10 mm
long, white, tube 4.5-5 mm, the upper lip
slightly emarginate at the apex, lower lip
3-lobed, lobes rounded. Perfect stamens
2, filaments 1 mm long, glabrous; anthers
2-lobed, coherent below the upper lip.
Staminodes 2, 1 mm long, linear, densely
covered with yellowish stalked glands
throughout and corolla tube below,
distinctly spurred just below the apex.
Ovary 1.1-1.4 mm long, ellipsoid, style
2.5-3 mm long, stigma, 2- lamellate. Capsule 2-5 mm, ellipsoid or
obliquely ellipsoid, obtuse to acute at apex, glabrous, mature capsules
yellow, persistent calyx present. Seed numerous.
12
Lindernia nummulariifolia
Lindernia nummulariifolia (D.Don) Wettst.
Name changed: Craterostigma nummulariifolium (D.Don) Eb.Fisch.,
Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
Family: Linderniaceae
Common name: NIL
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Found in marshy areas & along the streams.
Food values: NIL
Medicinal values: NIL
Flowering & Fruiting: July to November
Distribution: The species is widely distributed in Angola, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe and India.
13
Description
Small annual herb, prostrate or semi-erect, 1-15 cm tall, simple or with
few branches. Stem erect, sub quadrangular, sparsely spreading, hairy on
angles. The leaves are simple and opposite. Leaf blade broadly ovate to
orbicular-ovate, 5–10 × 4–15 mm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy
only on midrib, base broadly cuneate to cordate. Margin slightly notched
in corrugated or has sharp teeth. Glabrous on the upper surface or sparse
hairs on the mid rib, veins parallel from base. The leaves are often tinged
with purple on their lower face. Inflorescence terminal or axillary sub
umbels, few flowered. Central flowers sessile or short pedicelled,
cleistogamous; other flowers on pedicels 2 cm, sometimes sterile. The
calyx measures 2 to 3 mm long. It
ends with lobes lanceolate to linear
subulate, varying in length of half
the length of the tube to its full
length. Corolla violet, rarely blue or
white, 6 to 8 mm; lower lip
spreading flat, 3-lobed; upper lip
ovate. Filaments of anterior stamens
basally small appendaged. Stamens
4. The fruit is a capsule narrowly
ellipsoid tapering. It measures 8 to
12 mm long. It contains many seeds.
Seeds are brown in colour.
14
Lindernia oppositifolia
Lindernia oppositifolia (L.) Mukerjee
Name changed: Bonnaya oppositifolia (Retz.) Spreng.
Family: Linderniaceae
Common name: NIL
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Found in marshy areas, forest
edges, along the streams.
Food values: NIL
Medicinal values: NIL
Flowering & Fruiting: July to October
Distribution: The species is widely distributed in Cambodia, Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Vietnam and India.
15
Description
Lindernia oppositifolia is a very short, erect, procumbent herb with a
diffusely branched stem. Stem glabrous. Leaves linear- oblong, acute,
distantly serrate, sessile 4 x 0.5 cm. Racemes 13 cm long, terminal;
pedicels opposite, 2 cm long, slender, perpendicular to the axis. Flowers
paired; sepals 7 mm long, linear lanceolate, free to the base; corolla 12
mm long; upper lip entire or emarginate, lower lip equally 3-lobed;
anthers divaricate; staminodes linear, bulged at apex. Capsule 17 x 1.5
mm, terete; seeds 0.3 mm long, obovoid, minutely muricate.
16
Lindernia procumbens
Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox
Family: Linderniaceae
Common name: False pimpernel
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Found along river banks and moist areas.
Food values: NIL
Medicinal values: The paste of the aerial parts of the plant is used to
cure boils, sores and itches.
Flowering & Fruiting: January to April
Distribution: The species is
widely
distributed
in
Afghanistan,
Altay,
Amur,
Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus,
Bulgaria,
China,
Czechoslovakia, East European
Russia, East Himalayas, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Jawa,
Kazakhistan,
Korea,
Laos,
Malaya, Manchuria, Marianas,
Myanmar, Nepal, New South
Wales,
Pakistan,
Poland,
Portugal,
Romania,
South
European Russi, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey,
Ukraine, Vietnam and India.
17
Description
It is an erect herb, 5-20 cm in height, basally much-branched and
glabrous. Roots slender. Leaves sessile, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, margins
entire or sub-crenate, somewhat rhomboid, veins 3-5, parallel from base,
1-2.5 X 0.6-1.2 cm. Flower axillary and solitary. Pedicel slender, 1.5 cm
long, longer than subtending leaf and glabrous. Calyx deeply 5-lobed
almost to the base, lobes linear-lanceolate, 4 mm long. outside sparsely
pubescent, apex obtuse. Corolla 3-6 mm long, pink to purple in colour,
tube 3.5 mm, lower lip 3 mm, 3-lobed, middle lobe rounded and larger
than other lobes, lateral lobes elliptic, upper lip 1 mm, 2-lobed. Stamens
4, fertile, anterior filaments with a small globular or slender spur at the
base. anterior filaments with a small globular or slender spur at the base.
Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule globose to ovoid-globose, as long as or slightly
longer than persistent calyx. Seeds yellow and oblong.
18
Lindernia pusilla
Lindernia pusilla (Merr.)
Name changed: Yamazakia pusilla (Willd.) W.R.Barker, Y.S.Liang
& Wannan
Family: Linderniaceae
Common name: NIL
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Found in grassy bunds of paddy fields and along grassy borders
of ponds or tanks in the wet and dry low lands.
Food values: NIL
Medicinal values: The paste of whole plant is mixed with coconut oil
and applied externally on affected areas of the body to treat skin diseases.
Flowering & Fruiting: July to December
Distribution: The species grows in the Indian continent, Cambodia,
Indonesia,
Laos,
Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal,
New
Guinea,
Philippines,
Sri
Lanka, Thailand,
Vietnam, East Asia
and Malaysia.
19
Description
It is a suberect, annual plant, growing 6-30 cm tall. Stem prostrate,
branches often widely spreading from the root-stock, or prostrate at the
base, with long internodes.
Leaves ovate to orbicular-ovate,
0.5-2.0 x 0.5– 1.5 cm, truncate
at base, obtuse at apex, crenateserrate, with prominent nerves
beneath; petioles 1-3 mm long.
Flowers 1-4 in axils of leaves.
Pedicels 3-20 mm long, slender,
glandular-pubescent,
longer
Calyx, tube 1 mm long, smooth,
lobes
lanceolate,
glandular
without pilose. Corolla white to
purple in colour; upper lip erect, 3 mm long, 2-lobed at apex, dirty pale
brown or mauvish- brown with purplish lines or pale mauve or pale blue;
tube 4 mm long; lower lip 4-6 mm across, mid lobe broadly ovate,
slightly larger than lateral ones, with a yellow blotch at the base. Posterior
filament 2 mm long, anterior ones longer, all glabrous, Hypogynous disc
white, style glabrous; lamellae of stigma ciliolate at margins. Capsule
globose, 3-4 mm in diameter, glabrous; seeds oblong- cuniform, 0.5 mm
long, truncate at both ends, longitudinally alveolate and tawny.
20
Lindernia rotundifolia
Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston
Family: Linderniaceae
Common name: Round leaf Lindernia
Habit: Herb
Habitat: Found in marshy
areas & along the streams.
Food values: NIL
Medicinal values: A paste
made with leaves of the plant
is applied to the boils once a
day for seven days to treat
boils. Leaf paste is also used
to treat headaches by
applying it twice a day.
Flowering & Fruiting:
August to January
Distribution: The species is
widely
distributed
in
Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil
North, Brazil Northeast,
Brazil
South,
Brazil
Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Honduras, India, Madagascar, Mauritius, Peru, Sri Lanka,
Venezuela and India.
21
Description
Annual erect or diffuse herb, rooting at lower nodes. Stem green,
branching from base of the stem. Leaves palmately 3-5-nerved, sessile,
minutely glandular-punctate on both
surfaces; lamina elliptic, ovate, obovate,
or orbicular, 2-16 mm long, 1-12 mm
wide; base cuneate to rounded; margin 2
or 3(4) pairs serrate or remotely toothed,
occasionally entire; apex acute or obtuse. Flowers solitary in axils;
pedicels alternate or occasionally opposite, 2-18 mm long. About 1/2
length of subtending leaf, stipitate-glandular, especially near the base of
pedicel; erect to spreading, often reflexed in fruit. Calyx is deeply 5lobed, zygomorphic or irregular, 1.4-2.5 mm long, lanceolate, acuminate
and glandular. Corolla white or light-blue with purple blotches on throat
and purple spots on lower lobes, tufts of trichomes at base of anterior
lobes; tube 9-12.2 mm long. Androecium of 2 fertile stamens and 2
staminodes; free part of staminoidal filament 2-3.2 mm long, staminodes
slightly exserted from corolla tube, incurvate, with yellow glands; fertile
anthers coherent, filaments1.4-1.7 mm long, glabrous. Ovary ellipsoid, 2
mm long; disk small, at ovary bottom, yellow; style 3-5.5 mm long, often
persisting until capsule dehisces; stigma 2-parted. Capsule 1.5-3 mm
long, approximately equalling and infrequently exceeding the length of
calyx, ovate to ellipsoid, apex acute, glabrous. Seeds pale brown, falcateoblong, rugate, 0.5 mm long.
22
Lindernia veronicifolia
Lindernia veronicifolia (Retz.) F. Muell.
Name changed: Bonnaya veronicifolia (Retz.) Spreng.
Family: Linderniaceae
Habit: Herb
Habitat: It is mostly found in wetlands of the Tropical deciduous forest
and near paddy fields.
Food values: NIL
Medicinal values: NIL
Flowering & Fruiting: June to November
Distribution: The species is distributed in Sri Lanka and India.
23
Description
It is an annual creeping herb. Leaf oblong to oblanceolate, wide cunate
base, slightly amplexicaul, leaf margin sharply sub-aristate serrate,
Glabrous or occasionally with scattered hispid hairs on the lower surface,
0.9 – 2.7 x 0.6-1.0
cm. Inflorescence
terminal raceme.
Corolla
Violet-
purple
with
purple spots on
the lower lips.
Ventral
lip
rounded
3
lobes
5.5-6.0 mm long,
Central
lobe
larger than the
laterals.
Dorsal
lip emarginate, 45.5
mm
long,
obtuse to truncate
at
Staminodes
apex.
2,
white with pink spots at the base. Capsule 12-15 mm.
24
Lindernia viscosa
Lindernia viscosa (Hornem.) Merr.
Name changed: Yamazakia viscosa (Hornem.) W.R.Barker,
Y.S.Liang & Wannan
Family: Linderniaceae
Common name: Sticky Lindernia
Habit: Herb
Habitat: It is mostly found in waysides, edges of forests, paddy fields,
swamps and moist shady places.
Food values: NIL
Medicinal values: NIL
Flowering & Fruiting: June to November
Distribution: The species is widely distributed in Bangladesh,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea,
Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and India.
25
Description
It is an annual herb, 8-12 cm high,
with stems erect or sparsely
spreading, with coarse spreading
long
hairs.
Leaves
opposite,
elliptic or ovate, 1.5–3.5 × 1–2 cm,
attenuate
or
broad
at
base,
subentire or crenate or serrate-dentate and shortly ciliate along margins,
obtuse at apex, membranous, sparsely hirsute on both surfaces, pinnately
veined; lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs; upper leaves sessile and smaller than
lower leaves; lower leaves with petiole; petioles 5 mm long. Flowers are
borne in leaf axils, 6-10 flowered racemes. Flowers pale blue or violet, 4
× 2 mm. Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes linear-lanceolate, 2.5-3.1 mm.
Corolla tube; upper lip erect,
notched or bifid; lower 3-lobed,
spreading. Stamens 4, fertile, the
2 upper stamens on the corolla
throat, usually included, the
lower 2 with arched filaments
having a rounded appendage
towards the base, about 2.2 mm
long; anthers cohering in pairs, stigma 2-lamellate. capsule is spherical,
almost as long as the persistent sepals. many-seeded; seeds rectangular,
0.1–0.2 mm long, rugose and straw-coloured.
26
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About the Authors
Dr. Sundar. S. Mety, He is currently working as Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Shri.
Gavisiddeshwar Arts, Science and Commerce College, Koppal, Karnataka, India. His field of specialization
is phytochemical, pharmacology, antioxidant properties, free radical scavenging activities,
neuropharmacology and survey work on medicinal plants. His current research is focused on documentation
of traditional knowledge from the traditional practitioner and Biodiversity Conservation. He has published
16 research papers, 8 book chapters and one Patent. He has participated in more than 50 International and
national conferences, symposia and seminars.
Bhagwati Prashad Sharma, He is currently working as Associate Professor and Head, Department of
Botany, Sidharth Government College, Nadaun, Himachal Pradesh. His field of specialization is Orchid
tissue culture. His current research is focused on Ethnobotany, Biodiversity Conservation and Orchid flora.
He has published 6 research papers, 3 book chapters and 13 research articles. He has participated in more
than 30 International and national conferences, symposia and seminars. Currently, he is actively engaged
as Managing Editor of the Journal – Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation (ISSN: 24570761).
Dr. Chanchal Malhotra, She is currently working as an Assistant Professor at Baba Mastnath University
(Department of Botany), Haryana. She completed her Ph.D. in Biotechnology from Amity University,
Noida. She has 20 years of academic experience. She has 37 publications in conference proceedings,
journals of national and international repute. Her area of research interest are Plant Physiology,
Biodiversity, Plant Biochemistry, Plant Ecology and Bioinformatics. She is also voluntary contributing
towards spreading awareness about biodiversity conservation with Haryana State Biodiversity Board.
Dr. Rakhee Dimri, She received her Ph.D in Environmental Science in 2002 from H.N.B. Garhwal
University, Srinagar Garhwal. She has been teaching Botany at UG and PG levels for 21 years and 7 years
respectively. She has worked as a Principal of Government Degree College, Chakrata and Government
Degree College, Tiuni, Dehradun for 3 and 2 years respectively. She holds many administrative positions
and other portfolios in her respective institutions. At present, she is Head, the Department of Botany, Veer
Shahid Kesari Chand Government PG College, Dakpathar (Vikasnagar) Dehradun. She has several research
papers published in National and International Journals/conferences/proceedings, on her credit besides conducting and
participating in national/international seminars/ conferences etc.
Dr. B.L.Manjula, She is presently working as an Associate Professor and Head, Department of Botany in
Sri Jagadguru Renukacharya College of Science, Arts and Commerce, Bengaluru. She is a recipient of Gold
medal in M.Sc., holds M.Phil. and PhD from Bangalore University. She is having 8 research publications
& 2 book chapters in peer reviewed national and international journals to her credit. She has completed
UGC MRP (XII plan) entitled “Estimation of Furanocoumarins in Ruta graveolens L., an anticancerous
plant” as a Principal investigator. She has authored 6 PUC textbooks published by BASE & Cengage learning India Pvt. Ltd.
(Cengage group- American educational content). She is a resource person of IGNOU Gyanvani FM 106.4, (Bengaluru). She
is also an editor of the Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation (ISSN:2450761).
Sweta Mishra, She has completed M.Phil. in Life Science. She has published 10 research papers and two
books. Her research interest is in ecological mapping of carnivorous plants of Odisha, evaluation of
pharmacological values of carnivorous plants, trapping behavior of Insectivorous plants, plant taxonomy,
and phytochemistry of medicinal plants. Currently, she is actively engaged as Managing Editor of the
Journal – Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation (ISSN: 24570761) and contributing in the
documentation of flora & fauna.
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Ambika Prasad Research Foundation
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ISBN: 978-81-955847-3-4